technic-cd2025/technic/machines/switching_station.lua

-- SWITCHING STATION
-- The switching station is the center of all power distribution on an electric network.
--
-- The station collects power from sources (PR), distributes it to sinks (RE),
-- and uses the excess/shortfall to charge and discharge batteries (BA).
--
-- For now, all supply and demand values are expressed in kW.
--
-- It works like this:
--  All PR,BA,RE nodes are indexed and tagged with the switching station.
-- The tagging is to allow more stations to be built without allowing a cheat
-- with duplicating power.
--  All the RE nodes are queried for their current EU demand. Those which are off
-- would require no or a small standby EU demand, while those which are on would
-- require more.
-- If the total demand is less than the available power they are all updated with the
-- demand number.
-- If any surplus exists from the PR nodes the batteries will be charged evenly with this.
-- If the total demand requires draw on the batteries they will be discharged evenly.
--
-- If the total demand is more than the available power all RE nodes will be shut down.
-- We have a brown-out situation.
--
-- Hence all the power distribution logic resides in this single node.
--
--  Nodes connected to the network will have one or more of these parameters as meta data:
--   <LV|MV|HV>_EU_supply : Exists for PR and BA node types. This is the EU value supplied by the node. Output
--   <LV|MV|HV>_EU_demand : Exists for RE and BA node types. This is the EU value the node requires to run. Output
--   <LV|MV|HV>_EU_input  : Exists for RE and BA node types. This is the actual EU value the network can give the node. Input
--
--  The reason the LV|MV|HV type is prepended toe meta data is because some machine could require several supplies to work.
--  This way the supplies are separated per network.

technic.networks = {}

local S = technic.getter

minetest.register_craft({
	output = "technic:switching_station",
	recipe = {
		{"",                        "technic:lv_transformer", ""},
		{"default:copper_ingot",    "technic:machine_casing", "default:copper_ingot"},
		{"technic:lv_cable0",       "technic:lv_cable0",      "technic:lv_cable0"}
	}
})

minetest.register_node("technic:switching_station",{
	description = S("Switching Station"),
	tiles  = {"technic_water_mill_top_active.png", "technic_water_mill_top_active.png",
                  "technic_water_mill_top_active.png", "technic_water_mill_top_active.png",
	          "technic_water_mill_top_active.png", "technic_water_mill_top_active.png"},
	groups = {snappy=2, choppy=2, oddly_breakable_by_hand=2},
	sounds = default.node_sound_wood_defaults(),
	drawtype = "nodebox",
	paramtype = "light",
	node_box = {
		type = "fixed",
		fixed = {-0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5},
	},
	on_construct = function(pos)
		local meta = minetest.get_meta(pos)
		meta:set_string("infotext", S("Switching Station"))
		meta:set_string("active", 1)
	end,
})

--------------------------------------------------
-- Functions to traverse the electrical network
--------------------------------------------------

-- Add a wire node to the LV/MV/HV network
local add_new_cable_node = function(nodes, pos)
	-- Ignore if the node has already been added
	for i = 1, #nodes do
		if pos.x == nodes[i].x and
		   pos.y == nodes[i].y and
		   pos.z == nodes[i].z then
			return false
		end
	end
	table.insert(nodes, {x=pos.x, y=pos.y, z=pos.z, visited=1})
	return true
end

-- Generic function to add found connected nodes to the right classification array
local check_node_subp = function(PR_nodes, RE_nodes, BA_nodes, SP_nodes, all_nodes, pos, machines, tier, sw_pos, from_below)
	technic.get_or_load_node(pos)
	local meta = minetest.get_meta(pos)
	local name = minetest.get_node(pos).name

	if technic.is_tier_cable(name, tier) then
		add_new_cable_node(all_nodes, pos)
	elseif machines[name] then
		--dprint(name.." is a "..machines[name])
		if     machines[name] == technic.producer then
			add_new_cable_node(PR_nodes, pos)
		elseif machines[name] == technic.receiver then
			add_new_cable_node(RE_nodes, pos)
		elseif machines[name] == technic.producer_receiver then
			add_new_cable_node(PR_nodes, pos)
			add_new_cable_node(RE_nodes, pos)
		elseif machines[name] == "SPECIAL" and
				(pos.x ~= sw_pos.x or pos.y ~= sw_pos.y or pos.z ~= sw_pos.z) and
				from_below then
			-- Another switching station -> disable it
			add_new_cable_node(SP_nodes, pos)
			meta:set_int("active", 0)
			meta:set_string("active_pos", minetest.serialize(sw_pos))
		elseif machines[name] == technic.battery then
			add_new_cable_node(BA_nodes, pos)
		end

		meta:set_int(tier.."_EU_timeout", 2) -- Touch node
	end
end

-- Traverse a network given a list of machines and a cable type name
local traverse_network = function(PR_nodes, RE_nodes, BA_nodes, SP_nodes, all_nodes, i, machines, tier, sw_pos)
	local pos = all_nodes[i]
	local positions = {
		{x=pos.x+1, y=pos.y,   z=pos.z},
		{x=pos.x-1, y=pos.y,   z=pos.z},
		{x=pos.x,   y=pos.y+1, z=pos.z},
		{x=pos.x,   y=pos.y-1, z=pos.z},
		{x=pos.x,   y=pos.y,   z=pos.z+1},
		{x=pos.x,   y=pos.y,   z=pos.z-1}}
	--print("ON")
	for i, cur_pos in pairs(positions) do
		check_node_subp(PR_nodes, RE_nodes, BA_nodes, SP_nodes, all_nodes, cur_pos, machines, tier, sw_pos, i == 3)
	end
end

local touch_nodes = function(list, tier)
	for _, pos in ipairs(list) do
		local meta = minetest.get_meta(pos)
		meta:set_int(tier.."_EU_timeout", 2) -- Touch node
	end
end

local get_network = function(sw_pos, pos1, tier)
	local cached = technic.networks[minetest.hash_node_position(pos1)]
	if cached and cached.tier == tier then
		touch_nodes(cached.PR_nodes, tier)
		touch_nodes(cached.BA_nodes, tier)
		touch_nodes(cached.RE_nodes, tier)
		for _, pos in ipairs(cached.SP_nodes) do
			local meta = minetest.get_meta(pos)
			meta:set_int("active", 0)
			meta:set_string("active_pos", minetest.serialize(sw_pos))
		end
		return cached.PR_nodes, cached.BA_nodes, cached.RE_nodes
	end
	local i = 1
	local PR_nodes = {}
	local BA_nodes = {}
	local RE_nodes = {}
	local SP_nodes = {}
	local all_nodes = {pos1}
	repeat
		traverse_network(PR_nodes, RE_nodes, BA_nodes, SP_nodes, all_nodes,
				i, technic.machines[tier], tier, sw_pos)
		i = i + 1
	until all_nodes[i] == nil
	technic.networks[minetest.hash_node_position(pos1)] = {tier = tier, PR_nodes = PR_nodes,
			RE_nodes = RE_nodes, BA_nodes = BA_nodes, SP_nodes = SP_nodes}
	return PR_nodes, BA_nodes, RE_nodes
end

-----------------------------------------------
-- The action code for the switching station --
-----------------------------------------------
minetest.register_abm({
	nodenames = {"technic:switching_station"},
	interval   = 1,
	chance     = 1,
	action = function(pos, node, active_object_count, active_object_count_wider)
		local meta             = minetest.get_meta(pos)
		local meta1            = nil
		local pos1             = {}
		local PR_EU            = 0 -- EUs from PR nodes
		local BA_PR_EU         = 0 -- EUs from BA nodes (discharching)
		local BA_RE_EU         = 0 -- EUs to BA nodes (charging)
		local RE_EU            = 0 -- EUs to RE nodes

		local tier      = ""
		local PR_nodes
		local BA_nodes
		local RE_nodes
		local machine_name = S("Switching Station")

		if meta:get_int("active") ~= 1 then
			meta:set_int("active", 1)
			local active_pos = minetest.deserialize(meta:get_string("active_pos"))
			if active_pos then
				local meta1 = minetest.get_meta(active_pos)
				meta:set_string("infotext", S("%s (Slave)"):format(meta1:get_string("infotext")))
			end
			return
		end
		
		-- Which kind of network are we on:
		pos1 = {x=pos.x, y=pos.y-1, z=pos.z}

		local name = minetest.get_node(pos1).name
		local tier = technic.get_cable_tier(name)
		if tier then
			PR_nodes, BA_nodes, RE_nodes = get_network(pos, pos1, tier)
		else
			--dprint("Not connected to a network")
			meta:set_string("infotext", S("%s Has No Network"):format(machine_name))
			return
		end
		
		-- Run all the nodes
		local function run_nodes(list)
			for _, pos2 in ipairs(list) do
				technic.get_or_load_node(pos2)
				local node2 = minetest.get_node(pos2)
				local nodedef
				if node2 and node2.name then
					nodedef = minetest.registered_nodes[node2.name]
				end
				if nodedef and nodedef.technic_run then
					nodedef.technic_run(pos2, node2)
				end
			end
		end
		
		run_nodes(PR_nodes)
		run_nodes(RE_nodes)
		run_nodes(BA_nodes)

		-- Strings for the meta data
		local eu_demand_str    = tier.."_EU_demand"
		local eu_input_str     = tier.."_EU_input"
		local eu_supply_str    = tier.."_EU_supply"

		-- Distribute charge equally across multiple batteries.
		local charge_total = 0
		local battery_count = 0

		for n, pos1 in pairs(BA_nodes) do
			meta1 = minetest.get_meta(pos1)
			local charge = meta1:get_int("internal_EU_charge")

			if (meta1:get_int(eu_demand_str) ~= 0) then
				charge_total = charge_total + charge
				battery_count = battery_count + 1
			end
		end

		local charge_distributed = math.floor(charge_total / battery_count)

		for n, pos1 in pairs(BA_nodes) do
			meta1 = minetest.get_meta(pos1)

			if (meta1:get_int(eu_demand_str) ~= 0) then
				meta1:set_int("internal_EU_charge", charge_distributed)
			end
		end

		-- Get all the power from the PR nodes
		local PR_eu_supply = 0 -- Total power
		for _, pos1 in pairs(PR_nodes) do
			meta1 = minetest.get_meta(pos1)
			PR_eu_supply = PR_eu_supply + meta1:get_int(eu_supply_str)
		end
		--dprint("Total PR supply:"..PR_eu_supply)

		-- Get all the demand from the RE nodes
		local RE_eu_demand = 0
		for _, pos1 in pairs(RE_nodes) do
			meta1 = minetest.get_meta(pos1)
			RE_eu_demand = RE_eu_demand + meta1:get_int(eu_demand_str)
		end
		--dprint("Total RE demand:"..RE_eu_demand)

		-- Get all the power from the BA nodes
		local BA_eu_supply = 0
		for _, pos1 in pairs(BA_nodes) do
			meta1 = minetest.get_meta(pos1)
			BA_eu_supply = BA_eu_supply + meta1:get_int(eu_supply_str)
		end
		--dprint("Total BA supply:"..BA_eu_supply)

		-- Get all the demand from the BA nodes
		local BA_eu_demand = 0
		for _, pos1 in pairs(BA_nodes) do
			meta1 = minetest.get_meta(pos1)
			BA_eu_demand = BA_eu_demand + meta1:get_int(eu_demand_str)
		end
		--dprint("Total BA demand:"..BA_eu_demand)

		meta:set_string("infotext",
				technic.format(S("%s. Supply: %e Demand: %e"),
				machine_name, PR_eu_supply, RE_eu_demand))

		-- If the PR supply is enough for the RE demand supply them all
		if PR_eu_supply >= RE_eu_demand then
		--dprint("PR_eu_supply"..PR_eu_supply.." >= RE_eu_demand"..RE_eu_demand)
			for _, pos1 in pairs(RE_nodes) do
				meta1 = minetest.get_meta(pos1)
				local eu_demand = meta1:get_int(eu_demand_str)
				meta1:set_int(eu_input_str, eu_demand)
			end
			-- We have a surplus, so distribute the rest equally to the BA nodes
			-- Let's calculate the factor of the demand
			PR_eu_supply = PR_eu_supply - RE_eu_demand
			local charge_factor = 0 -- Assume all batteries fully charged
			if BA_eu_demand > 0 then
				charge_factor = PR_eu_supply / BA_eu_demand
			end
			for n, pos1 in pairs(BA_nodes) do
				meta1 = minetest.get_meta(pos1)
				local eu_demand = meta1:get_int(eu_demand_str)
				meta1:set_int(eu_input_str, math.floor(eu_demand * charge_factor))
				--dprint("Charging battery:"..math.floor(eu_demand*charge_factor))
			end
			return
		end

		-- If the PR supply is not enough for the RE demand we will discharge the batteries too
		if PR_eu_supply + BA_eu_supply >= RE_eu_demand then
			--dprint("PR_eu_supply "..PR_eu_supply.."+BA_eu_supply "..BA_eu_supply.." >= RE_eu_demand"..RE_eu_demand)
			for _, pos1 in pairs(RE_nodes) do
				meta1  = minetest.get_meta(pos1)
				local eu_demand = meta1:get_int(eu_demand_str)
				meta1:set_int(eu_input_str, eu_demand)
			end
			-- We have a deficit, so distribute to the BA nodes
			-- Let's calculate the factor of the supply
			local charge_factor = 0 -- Assume all batteries depleted
			if BA_eu_supply > 0 then
				charge_factor = (PR_eu_supply - RE_eu_demand) / BA_eu_supply
			end
			for n,pos1 in pairs(BA_nodes) do
				meta1 = minetest.get_meta(pos1)
				local eu_supply = meta1:get_int(eu_supply_str)
				meta1:set_int(eu_input_str, math.floor(eu_supply * charge_factor))
				--dprint("Discharging battery:"..math.floor(eu_supply*charge_factor))
			end
			return
		end

		-- If the PR+BA supply is not enough for the RE demand: Power only the batteries
		local charge_factor = 0 -- Assume all batteries fully charged
		if BA_eu_demand > 0 then
			charge_factor = PR_eu_supply / BA_eu_demand
		end
		for n, pos1 in pairs(BA_nodes) do
			meta1 = minetest.get_meta(pos1)
			local eu_demand = meta1:get_int(eu_demand_str)
			meta1:set_int(eu_input_str, math.floor(eu_demand * charge_factor))
		end
		for n, pos1 in pairs(RE_nodes) do
			meta1 = minetest.get_meta(pos1)
			meta1:set_int(eu_input_str, 0)
		end
	end,
})

-- Timeout ABM
-- Timeout for a node in case it was disconnected from the network
-- A node must be touched by the station continuously in order to function
local function switching_station_timeout_count(pos, tier)
	local meta = minetest.get_meta(pos)
	local timeout = meta:get_int(tier.."_EU_timeout")
	if timeout <= 0 then
		meta:set_int(tier.."_EU_input", 0) -- Not needed anymore <-- actually, it is for supply converter
		return true
	else
		meta:set_int(tier.."_EU_timeout", timeout - 1)
		return false
	end
end
minetest.register_abm({
	nodenames = {"group:technic_machine"},
	interval   = 1,
	chance     = 1,
	action = function(pos, node, active_object_count, active_object_count_wider)
		for tier, machines in pairs(technic.machines) do
			if machines[node.name] and switching_station_timeout_count(pos, tier) then
				local nodedef = minetest.registered_nodes[node.name]
				if nodedef and nodedef.technic_disabled_machine_name then
					node.name = nodedef.technic_disabled_machine_name
					minetest.swap_node(pos, node)
				elseif nodedef and nodedef.technic_on_disable then
					nodedef.technic_on_disable(pos, node)
				end
				if nodedef then
					local meta = minetest.get_meta(pos)
					meta:set_string("infotext", S("%s Has No Network"):format(nodedef.description))
				end
			end
		end
	end,
})

for tier, machines in pairs(technic.machines) do
	-- SPECIAL will not be traversed
	technic.register_machine(tier, "technic:switching_station", "SPECIAL")
end