New Prolog Cheat Sheet (#4431)
* Initial Commit of cheatsheet * Remove Whitespace * Shorten cut predicate section * Shorten cut predicate entry to minimummaster
Arvanitis Christos
Rob Emery
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894ef122c0
commit
a34d091dec
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{
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"id": "prolog_cheat_sheet",
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"name": "Prolog",
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"description": "Overview of basic Prolog predicates",
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"metadata": {
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"sourceName": "The Computational logic, Languages, Implementation, and Parallelism Laboratory",
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"sourceUrl" : "http://cliplab.org/~vocal/public_info/seminar_notes/node42.html"
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},
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"aliases": [
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"prolog predicates", "prolog predicate"
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],
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"template_type": "code",
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"section_order": [
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"Arithmetic Terms",
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"Arithmetic Builtins",
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"Type Predicates",
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"Structure Inspection",
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"Input/Output",
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"Pruning Operators",
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"Meta-Logical Predicates",
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"Meta-Calls (Higher Order)",
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"Dynamic Program Modification"
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],
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"sections": {
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"Arithmetic Terms": [
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{
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"key": "+\/2",
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"val": "Addition: 3 + 5."
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},
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{
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"key": "+\/1",
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"val": "Positive prefix (usually unneeded): +3"
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},
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{
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"key": "-\/2",
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"val": "Subtraction: 5 - 3"
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},
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{
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"key": "-\/1",
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"val": "Negative prefix: -1"
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},
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{
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"key": "\/ \/2",
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"val": "Division: 3\/5 = 0.6"
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},
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{
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"key": "\/\/ \/2",
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"val": "Integer Division: 3\/\/5 = 0"
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},
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{
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"key": "mod\/2",
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"val": "Module: 5 mod 3 = 2"
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},
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{
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"key": "log\/1",
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"val": "Logarithm: log(1) = 0.0"
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}
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],
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"Arithmetic Builtins": [
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{
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"key": "is/2",
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"val": "Evaluation: Z is T evaluates the arithmetical term T and the result is unified with the variable Z. X is 3 + 5. X = 8"
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},
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{
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"key": "=:=",
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"val": "Arithmetic equality"
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},
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{
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"key": "=\\=",
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"val": "Arithmetic inequality"
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},
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{
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"key": "<\n>\n=<\n>=",
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"val": "Order relationship"
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}
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],
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"Type Predicates": [
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{
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"key": "integer(X)",
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"val": "Check whether X is an integer"
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},
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{
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"key": "float(X)",
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"val": "Check whether X is a floating point number"
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},
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{
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"key": "number(X)",
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"val": "Check whether X is a number "
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},
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{
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"key": "atom(X)",
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"val": "Check whether X is a constant other than number"
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},
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{
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"key": "atomic(X)",
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"val": "Check whether X is a constant"
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}
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],
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"Structure Inspection": [
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{
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"key": "functor(F, N, A)",
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"val": "Succeeds when F is a complex structure whose arity is N and whose arity is A. It can be used to build new functors with fresh variables, or to obtain the name and arity of already built functors"
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},
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{
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"key": "arg(F, N, Arg)",
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"val": "Succeeds when Arg is the N-th argument of functor F. Arguments start numbering at 1"
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}
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],
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"Input/Output": [
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{
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"key": "write(X)",
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"val": "Write the term X on the current output stream"
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},
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{
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"key": "nl",
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"val": "Start a new line on the current output stream"
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},
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{
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"key": "read(X)",
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"val": "Read a term (finished by a full stop) from the current input stream and unify it with X"
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},
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{
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"key": "put(N)",
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"val": "Write the ASCII character code N. N can be a string of length one"
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},
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{
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"key": "get(X)",
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"val": "Read the next character code and unify its ASCII code with N"
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},
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{
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"key": "see(File)",
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"val": "File becomes the current input stream"
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},
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{
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"key": "seeing(File)",
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"val": "The current input stream is File"
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},
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{
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"key": "seen",
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"val": "Close the current input stream"
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},
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{
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"key": "tell(File)",
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"val": "File becomes the current output stream"
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},
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{
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"key": "telling(File)",
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"val": "The current output stream is File"
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},
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{
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"key": "told",
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"val": "Close the current output stream"
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}
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],
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"Pruning Operators": [
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{
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"key": "!\/0",
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"val": "The \"cut\" operator"
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}
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],
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"Meta-Logical Predicates": [
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{
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"key": "var(X)",
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"val": "X is currently a free variable"
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},
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{
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"key": "nonvar(X)",
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"val": "X is not a free variable"
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},
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{
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"key": "ground(X)",
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"val": "X is a term not containing variables"
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}
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],
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"Meta-Calls (Higher Order)": [
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{
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"key": "call(X)",
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"val": "Accepts a term and calls it as if it appeared in the program text. Thus, call(p(X)) is equivalent to the appearance of p(X) in the program text. The argument X of call(X) (and this is really where the power of meta-calls is) does not need to be explicitly present in the source code, but only correctly instantiated at run-time"
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},
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{
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"key": "findall(Term, Goal, List)",
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"val": "Leaves in List an instance of Term for each success of Goal"
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},
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{
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"key": "bagof(Term, Goal, List)",
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"val": "Allows (selective) backtracking on the free variables of the goal"
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},
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{
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"key": "setof(Term, Goal, List)",
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"val": "Behaves as bagof/3, but in addition the returned list is sorted and has no repetitions"
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}
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],
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"Dynamic Program Modification": [
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{
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"key": "assert(X)\nassertz(X)",
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"val": "Adds a new fact or clause to the database. Term is asserted as the last fact or clause with the same key predicate"
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},
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{
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"key": "asserta(X)",
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"val": "Same as assert(X) but adds clause at the beginning of database"
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},
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{
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"key": "retract(X)",
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"val": "Removes fact or clause X from the database"
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},
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{
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"key": "retractall(X)",
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"val": "Removes all facts or clauses from the database for which the head unifies with X."
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}
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]
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}
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}
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