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Enrico Tröger 5417503ebc updated for Geany 0.6 
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Geany 0.6
Enrico Troeger
Copyright © 2006
This document is distributed under the terms of the GNU Public
license as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2 of the License, or (at your option) later version. A
copy of this license can be found in the file COPYING included
with the source code of this program and in the appendix of
this document.
_________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1. About Geany
1.2. About this document
1.3. Where to get
1.4. License
2. Installation
2.1. Requirements
2.2. Source Compilation
2.3. Binary Packages
2.3.1. Fedora
2.3.2. Debian
2.3.3. SuSE
2.3.4. Gentoo
3. Usage
3.1. Getting Started
3.2. Commandline options
3.3. General
3.3.1. Startup
3.3.2. Detection of a running instance
3.3.3. Global C tags
3.3.4. Virtual terminal emulator widget (VTE)
3.4. Search and Replace
3.5. Preferences
3.5.1. Compile time options
3.6. File types
3.7. Templates
A. Geany key mapping
A.1. Geany key mapping
B. GNU General Public License
B.1. Preamble
B.2. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND
MODIFICATION
B.2.1. Section 0
B.2.2. Section 1
B.2.3. Section 2
B.2.4. Section 3
B.2.5. Section 4
B.2.6. Section 5
B.2.7. Section 6
B.2.8. Section 7
B.2.9. Section 8
B.2.10. Section 9
B.2.11. Section 10
B.2.12. Section 11 NO WARRANTY
B.2.13. Section 12
B.3. How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
List of Tables
3-1. Commandline Options
3-2. Regular expressions
3-3. Compile time options
3-4. Template wildcards
A-1. Key Table
List of Figures
3-1. Search dialog
3-2. General tab in preferences dialog
3-3. Editor tab in preferences dialog
3-4. Tools tab in preferences dialog
3-5. Template tab in preferences dialog
3-6. VTE tab in preferences dialog
_________________________________________________________
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1. About Geany
Geany is a small and lightweight integrated development
environment. It was developed to provide a small and fast IDE,
which has only a few dependencies from other packages. Another
goal was to be as independent as possible from a special
Desktop Environment like KDE or GNOME. So it is using only the
GTK2 toolkit and therefore you need only the GTK2 runtime
libraries to run Geany.
The basic features of Geany are:
* syntax highlighting
* code completion
* auto completion of often used constructs like if, for and
while
* auto completion of XML and HTML tags
* call tips
* many supported filetypes like C, Java, PHP, HTML, Python,
Perl, Pascal
* symbol lists
_________________________________________________________
1.2. About this document
This documentation is available in various formats like HTML,
text and PDF. The latest version is always available at
http://geany.uvena.de.
_________________________________________________________
1.3. Where to get
You can obtain Geany from http://geany.uvena.de or perhabs
from your distributor.
_________________________________________________________
1.4. License
Geany is distributed under the terms of the GNU Public license
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) later version. A copy of
this license can be found in the file COPYING included with
the source code of this program and in the appendix of this
document.
_________________________________________________________
Chapter 2. Installation
2.1. Requirements
For compiling Geany yourself, you will need the GTK (>= 2.6.0)
libraries and header files. You will also need the Pango, Glib
and ATK libraries and header files. All these files are
available at http://www.gtk.org.
Further more you need, of course, a C compiler, for the
included Scintilla library a C++ compiler and the make tool.
_________________________________________________________
2.2. Source Compilation
Compiling Geany is quite easy. The following should do it:
% ./configure
% make
% make install
The configure script supports several common options, for a
detailed list, type
% ./configure --help
In the case, that your system lacks dynamic linking loader
support, you probably want to pass the option --disable-vte to
the configure script. This prevents compiling Geany with
dynamic linking loader support to automatically load
libvte.so.4 if available.
Geany has been successfully compiled and tested under Debian
3.1 Sarge, Debian 3.2 Etch, Fedora Core 4, LinuxFromScratch
and FreeBSD 6.0. It also compiles under Mircosoft Windows(TM),
but there are lots of changes to the makefiles necessary.
If there are any errors during compilation, check your build
environment and try to find the error, otherwise contact the
author at <enrico.troeger@uvena.de>.
_________________________________________________________
2.3. Binary Packages
2.3.1. Fedora
You can use the Fedora Core 4 repository from
http://naturidentisch.de/packages/fc4/.
_________________________________________________________
2.3.2. Debian
Binary packages for Debian are available at
http://debian.uvena.de/. You can add one of the following
lines(depending on your system) to your apt sources.list to
get automatically get the latest version of Geany:
deb http://debian.uvena.de/ ./stable/
deb http://debian.uvena.de/ ./testing/
_________________________________________________________
2.3.3. SuSE
There are not yet packages for SuSE available.
_________________________________________________________
2.3.4. Gentoo
An ebuild for Gentoo can be found on http://www.gentoo.de.
_________________________________________________________
Chapter 3. Usage
3.1. Getting Started
You can start Geany in the following ways:
* From the Desktop Environment menu
Choose in your application menu of your used Desktop
Environment: Development->Geany.
* From the command line
To start Geany from a command line, type the following and
press Return:
% geany
_________________________________________________________
3.2. Commandline options
Table 3-1. Commandline Options
Short option Long option Function
-n --no-ctags Do not load auto completion and call tip data.
Use this option, if you do not want to use them. For more
information see Section 3.3.3.
-m --no-msgwin Do not show the message window. Use this option
if you do not need compiler messages or VTE support.
-p --no-pipe Do not open files in a running instance, force
opening a new instance.
-t --no-terminal Do not load terminal support. Use this
option, if you do not want to load the virtual terminal
emulator widget at startup. If you do not have libvte.so.4
installed, then terminal-support is automatically disabled.
-l --vte-lib Specify explicitly the path including filename or
only the filename to the VTE library, e.g. /usr/lib/libvte.so
or libvte.so. This option is only needed, when the
autodetection does not work.
-c directory_name --config=directory_name Use an alternate
configuration directory. Default configuration directory is
~/.geany/ and there resides geany.conf and some template
files.
-d --debug Runs Geany in debug mode, which means being verbose
and printing lots of information.
-? --help Show help information and exit.
-v --version Show version information and exit.
[files ...] Opens all given files at startup. This option
causes Geany to ignore loading stored files from the last
session (if enabled).
Geany supports all generic GTK options, a list is available on
the help screen.
_________________________________________________________
3.3. General
3.3.1. Startup
At startup, Geany loads the 15 first files from the last time,
Geany was launched. You can disable this feature in the
preferences dialog(see Figure 3-2). If you specify some files
on the commandline, only these files will be opened. But you
can find the files from the last session in the file menu.
There is an item "Recent files". It contains the last 15
recently opened files. It may be that Geany not exactly loads
15 files, this depends on the compile time option
GEANY_SESSION_FILES, the default is 15. For details see
Section 3.5.1.
_________________________________________________________
3.3.2. Detection of a running instance
Geany detects an already running instance of it and open new
files in the running one. So, you can use Geany like an editor
to view and edit files by opening them from other programs. If
you do not like this for some reason, you can it disable with
the appropriate commandline option.
In the case that Geany crashed, you will get a message dialog
at the next start, which asks you whether to delete an
existing named pipe. If you are sure that there is no other
instance of Geany running, you can say Yes and Geany will
start as usual. Otherwise click No and Geany will not start.
_________________________________________________________
3.3.3. Global C tags
If a C file(with extension is c, cpp, h, etc.) is opened, a
global tags file is loaded once, which contains many function
declarations from the glibc and some other libraries, like X,
Bonobo, Gnome, GTK, Glib and so on. These declarations are
used for call tips and auto completion. These tags are only
useful if you are writing C or C++ source code. So if you
know, that you do not need these things, you can skip loading
this tag file. To do so, start Geany with the argument "-n" or
"--no-ctags", for more information see Section 3.2.
_________________________________________________________
3.3.4. Virtual terminal emulator widget (VTE)
If you have installed libvte.so in your system, it is loaded
automatically by Geany. Then you have a terminal widget in the
notebook at the bottom.
If Geany cannot find libvte.so at startup, the terminal widget
will not be loaded. So there is no need to install the package
containing this file in order to run Geany. Additionally, you
can disable the use of the terminal widget by commandline
option, for more information see Section 3.2.
You can use this terminal (from now on called VTE) nearly as
an usual terminal program like xterm. There is a basic
clipboard support. You can paste the content of the clipboard
by pressing the middle mouse button in the VTE (on 2-button
mice, the middle button can often be simulated by pressing
both mouse buttons together) or by pressing the right mouse
button to open the popup menu and choose Paste. To copy text
from the VTE, just select the desired text and then press the
right mouse button and choose Copy from the popup menu.
Note
Geany tries to load libvte.so. If this fails, it tries to load
libvte.so.4. If this fails too, you should check whether you
installed libvte correctly. Again, Geany runs also without
this library. But it could be, that the library is called
something else than libvte.so.4 (e.g. on FreeBSD 6.0 it is
called libvte.so.8). So please set a link to the correct file
(as root).
# ln -s /usr/lib/libvte.so.X /usr/lib/libvte.so.4
Obviously, you have to adjust the paths and set X to the
number of your libvte.so.
_________________________________________________________
3.4. Search and Replace
You can use regular expressions in the search dialog, just by
activating the check box(see the image below). Detailed
information about special characters can be found in the Table
3-2.
Figure 3-1. Search dialog
[find_dialog.jpg]
Table 3-2. Regular expressions
In a regular expression, the following characters are
interpreted:
. Matches any character.
\( This marks the start of a region for tagging a match.
\) This marks the end of a tagged region.
\n Where n is 1 through 9 refers to the first through ninth
tagged region when replacing. For example, if the search
string was Fred\([1-9]\)XXX and the replace string was
Sam\1YYY, when applied to Fred2XXX this would generate
Sam2YYY.
\< This matches the start of a word.
\> This matches the end of a word.
\x This allows you to use a character x that would otherwise
have a special meaning. For example, \[ would be interpreted
as [ and not as the start of a character set.
[...] This indicates a set of characters, for example, [abc]
means any of the characters a, b or c. You can also use
ranges, for example [a-z] for any lower case character.
[^...] The complement of the characters in the set. For
example, [^A-Za-z] means any character except an alphabetic
character.
$ This matches the end of a line.
* This matches 0 or more times. For example, Sa*m matches Sm,
Sam, Saam, Saaam and so on.
+ This matches 1 or more times. For example, Sa+m matches Sam,
Saam, Saaam and so on.
_________________________________________________________
3.5. Preferences
should be written
Figure 3-2. General tab in preferences dialog
[pref_dialog_gen.jpg]
Figure 3-3. Editor tab in preferences dialog
[pref_dialog_edit.jpg]
Figure 3-4. Tools tab in preferences dialog
[pref_dialog_tools.jpg]
Figure 3-5. Template tab in preferences dialog
[pref_dialog_templ.jpg]
Figure 3-6. VTE tab in preferences dialog
[pref_dialog_vte.jpg]
_________________________________________________________
3.5.1. Compile time options
There are some options which can only changed at compile time.
To change these options, look into src/geany.h to change these
settings. To find it, look for a block of lines starting with
"#define GEANY_*". All definitions which are not listed here,
should not be changed.
Table 3-3. Compile time options
Option Description Default
GEANY_MAX_OPEN_FILES The limit how many files can be open at
the same time. 25
GEANY_SESSION_FILES How many files should be reopened from the
last run. Obviously, the value should be smaller than
GEANY_MAX_OPEN_FILES. 15
GEANY_WORDCHARS These characters define the word boundaries.
(look at sourcecode)
GEANY_MAX_AUTOCOMPLETE_WORDS How many auto complete
suggestions should Geany provide. 30
GEANY_STRING_UNTITLED A string used as name for new files. Be
aware that the string can be translated, so change it only if
you know what you are doing. untitled
GEANY_CHECK_FILE_DELAY Time in seconds between a file is
checked for changes. 30
GEANY_WINDOW_MINIMAL_WIDTH The minimal width of the main
window. 620
GEANY_WINDOW_MINIMAL_HEIGHT The minimal height of the main
window. 440
GEANY_WINDOW_DEFAULT_WIDTH The default width of the main
window at the first start. 900
GEANY_WINDOW_DEFAULT_HEIGHT The default height of the main
window at the first start. 600
_________________________________________________________
3.6. File types
should be written
_________________________________________________________
3.7. Templates
Geany supports several templates for file headers, multiline
comments(frame comments), function descriptions, a typical
ChangeLog entry and a short GPL notice. To use this templates,
just open the edit menu or open the popup menu by
right-clicking in the editor widget, and choose "Insert
Comments" and insert templates as you want.
Some templates like file header or ChangeLog entry, will
always be inserted at the top of the file.
To insert a function description, the cursor must be inside of
the function, so that the function name can be determined
automatically. The description will be positioned correctly
one line above the function, just check it out. If the cursor
is not inside of a function or the function name cannot be
determined, you cannot insert a function description.
Each template can be customized to your needs. The templates
are in the configuration directory, which is in ~/.geany/ (see
Section 3.2 for further information about configuration
directory). Just open the desired template with an editor
(ideally Geany ;-) ) and edit the template as your needs.
There are some wildcards which will be automatically replaced
by Geany at startup.
All wildcards must be enclosed by "{" and "}", e.g. {date}.
In the configuration dialog you can find a tab "Templates"(see
Figure 3-5). You can define the default values which will be
inserted in the templates. You should restart Geany after made
changes, because they are only read at startup.
Since Geany 0.3 there are also templates for creating new
files. They can be found in ~/.geany/, too. All template files
for creating new files begin with template.filetype. followed
by the filetype. At creating a new file with a filetype
template, the template for the fileheader is automatically
prepended. Please note, that the complete behaviour is still
under development and will probably be changed in one of the
next releases. Sorry.
Table 3-4. Template wildcards
Wildcard Description Available in following templates
developer The name of the developer. filetypes, file header,
function description, ChangeLog entry
initial The initials of the developer name, e.g. "ET" for
Enrico Troeger or "JFD" for John Foobar Doe. filetypes, file
header, function description, ChangeLog entry
mail The email address of the developer. file header, function
description, ChangeLog entry
company The company name, the developer is working for.
filetypes, file header, function description, ChangeLog entry
year The current year in the format: YYYY filetypes, file
header, function description, ChangeLog entry
version The initial version of a new file. filetypes, file
header, function description, ChangeLog entry
date The current date in the format: YYYY-MM-DD filetypes,
file header, function description, ChangeLog entry
untitled The string "untitled" (this will be translated to
your locale), used in filetype templates filetypes, file
header, function description, ChangeLog entry
geanyversion The actual Geany version, e.g. "Geany 0.6"
filetypes, file header, function description, ChangeLog entry
datetime The current date and time in the format: DD.MM.YYYY
HH:mm:ss ZZZZ file header, function description
filename The filename of the current file. Only available for
the file header template. file header
gpl This wildcard inserts a short GPL notice. file header
functionname The function name of the function at cursor
position. This wildcard will only be replaced in the function
description template. function description
If you need any other wildcards or a special date/time format,
please email the author <enrico.troeger@uvena.de>.
_________________________________________________________
Appendix A. Geany key mapping
A.1. Geany key mapping
The following table lists several useful key codes, which you
can use in Geany.
Table A-1. Key Table
Key Function
File operations
Ctrl-N Create new file
Ctrl-O Open file
Ctrl-S Save current file
Ctrl-R Reload the current file. All unsaved changes will be
lost.
Ctrl-Shift-S Save all open files
Ctrl-W Close current file
Alt-D Close all open files
Editing operations
Ctrl-X Cut the current selection and copy it into the
clipboard
Ctrl-C Copy the current selection into the clipboard
Ctrl-V Paste the content of the clipboard at the current
position
Ctrl-Z Undo the last action
Ctrl-Y Redo the last action
Ctrl-G Duplicate the current line
Ctrl-A Select all
Ctrl-D Comment current line or selection
Ctrl-Space Show auto completion list
Ctrl-Return Show list of available(in the workspace) macros
and variables
Alt-Space Show call tips for the current function or method
Shift-Space Insert just a blank. Useful after typing if or
while, to explicitly suppress the use of construct auto
completion
Ctrl-Shift-R Reload the tag/symbol list
Finding text
Ctrl-F Open find dialog
F3 Find next
Building files
F8 Compile the current file.
F9 Build the current file.
Shift-F9 Build the current file with the make tool.
F5 Execute the current file in a terminal emulation.
Miscellaneous
Ctrl-Left Moves the cursor to the left word boundary.
Ctrl-Right Moves the cursor to the next word.
Alt-Left Switch to the previous open document
Alt-Right Switch to the next open document
Ctrl-+ Zoom in the text
Ctrl-- Zoom out the text
Ctrl-P Open preferences dialog
F1 Show help
F6 Switch to VTE widget
F11 Switch to fullscreen mode
F12 Switch to Scribble widget
Ctrl-Q Quit
_________________________________________________________
Appendix B. GNU General Public License
B.1. Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General
Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share
and change free software - to make sure the software is free
for all its users. This General Public License applies to most
of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other
program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free
Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library
General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your
programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom,
not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make
sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free
software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you
receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can
change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs;
and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that
forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to
surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain
responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the
software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program,
whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all
the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too,
receive or can get the source code. And you must show them
these terms so they know their rights.
We protect your rights with two steps:
1. copyright the software, and
2. offer you this license which gives you legal permission to
copy, distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make
certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty
for this free software. If the software is modified by someone
else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what
they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced
by others will not reflect on the original authors'
reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a
free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in
effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we
have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for
everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
_________________________________________________________
B.2. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
B.2.1. Section 0
This License applies to any program or other work which
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may
be distributed under the terms of this General Public License.
The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and
a "work based on the Program " means either the Program or any
derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work
containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or
with modifications and/or translated into another language.
(Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
the term "modification ".) Each licensee is addressed as
"you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification
are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope.
The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the
output from the Program is covered only if its contents
constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having
been made by running the Program). Whether that is true
depends on what the Program does.
_________________________________________________________
B.2.2. Section 1
You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that
you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an
appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep
intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the
absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the
Program a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a
copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in
exchange for a fee.
_________________________________________________________
B.2.3. Section 2
You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any
portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and
copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms
of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these
conditions:
1. You must cause the modified files to carry prominent
notices stating that you changed the files and the date of
any change.
2. You must cause any work that you distribute or publish,
that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the
Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at
no charge to all third parties under the terms of this
License.
3. If the modified program normally reads commands
interactively when run, you must cause it, when started
running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way,
to print or display an announcement including an
appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no
warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and
that users may redistribute the program under these
conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of
this License.
Note Exception:
If the Program itself is interactive but does not normally
print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is
not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the
Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and
separate works in themselves, then this License, and its
terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them
as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections
as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the
distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this
License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of
who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or
contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather,
the intent is to exercise the right to control the
distribution of derivative or collective works based on the
Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the
Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program)
on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring
the other work under the scope of this License.
_________________________________________________________
B.2.4. Section 3
You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on
it, under Section 2 in object code or executable form under
the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do
one of the following:
1. Accompany it with the complete corresponding
machine-readable source code, which must be distributed
under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
customarily used for software interchange; or,
2. Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least
three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more
than your cost of physically performing source
distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the
corresponding source code, to be distributed under the
terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily
used for software interchange; or,
3. Accompany it with the information you received as to the
offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This
alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution
and only if you received the program in object code or
executable form with such an offer, in accord with
Subsection b above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the
work for making modifications to it. For an executable work,
complete source code means all the source code for all modules
it contains, plus any associated interface definition files,
plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation
of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source
code distributed need not include anything that is normally
distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major
components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating
system on which the executable runs, unless that component
itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by
offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering
equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place
counts as distribution of the source code, even though third
parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the
object code.
_________________________________________________________
B.2.5. Section 4
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any
attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute
the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your
rights under this License. However, parties who have received
copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have
their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in
full compliance.
_________________________________________________________
B.2.6. Section 5
You are not required to accept this License, since you have
not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to
modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works.
These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this
License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program
(or any work based on the Program), you indicate your
acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and
conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program
or works based on it.
_________________________________________________________
B.2.7. Section 6
Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on
the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license
from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the
Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not
impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of
the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for
enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.
_________________________________________________________
B.2.8. Section 7
If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of
patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to
patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by
court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the
conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the
conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to
satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and
any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the
Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly
through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and
this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of
the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or
unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance
of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole
is intended to apply in other circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to
infringe any patents or other property right claims or to
contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole
purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software
distribution system, which is implemented by public license
practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the
wide range of software distributed through that system in
reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to
the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to
distribute software through any other system and a licensee
cannot impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is
believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
_________________________________________________________
B.2.9. Section 8
If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted
interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the
Program under this License may add an explicit geographical
distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that
distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus
excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the
limitation as if written in the body of this License.
_________________________________________________________
B.2.10. Section 9
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such
new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,
but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Program specifies a version number of this License which
applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that version or
of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number
of this License, you may choose any version ever published by
the Free Software Foundation.
_________________________________________________________
B.2.11. Section 10
If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other
free programs whose distribution conditions are different,
write to the author to ask for permission. For software which
is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the
Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for
this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of
preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free
software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software
generally.
_________________________________________________________
B.2.12. Section 11 NO WARRANTY
BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE
COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS
IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE
ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME
THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
_________________________________________________________
B.2.13. Section 12
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY
MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES
SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM
TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR
OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
_________________________________________________________
B.3. How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the
greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve
this is to make it free software which everyone can
redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is
safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most
effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file
should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to
where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what
it does.> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307 USA
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and
paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice
like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to
redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for
details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show
the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of
course, the commands you use may be called something other
than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or
menu items--whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a
programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright
disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample;
alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers)
written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of
Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your
program into proprietary programs. If your program is a
subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit
linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is
what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public
License instead of this License.
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