332 lines
6.5 KiB
Plaintext
332 lines
6.5 KiB
Plaintext
.TH SPIN 1
|
|
.SH NAME
|
|
spin - verification tool for models of concurrent systems
|
|
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
|
.B spin
|
|
.B -a
|
|
[
|
|
.B -m
|
|
]
|
|
[
|
|
.BI -P cpp
|
|
]
|
|
.I file
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B spin
|
|
[
|
|
.B -bglmprsv
|
|
]
|
|
[
|
|
.BI -n N
|
|
]
|
|
[
|
|
.BI -P cpp
|
|
]
|
|
.I file
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B spin
|
|
.B -c
|
|
[
|
|
.B -t
|
|
]
|
|
[
|
|
.BI -P cpp
|
|
]
|
|
.I file
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B spin
|
|
.B -d
|
|
[
|
|
.BI -P cpp
|
|
]
|
|
.I file
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B spin
|
|
.B -f
|
|
.I ltl
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B spin
|
|
.B -F
|
|
.I file
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B spin
|
|
.B -i
|
|
[
|
|
.B -bglmprsv
|
|
]
|
|
[
|
|
.BI -n N
|
|
]
|
|
[
|
|
.BI -P cpp
|
|
]
|
|
.I file
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B spin
|
|
.B -M
|
|
[
|
|
.B -t
|
|
]
|
|
[
|
|
.BI -P cpp
|
|
]
|
|
.I file
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B spin
|
|
.BR -t [ \fIN ]
|
|
[
|
|
.B -bglmprsv
|
|
]
|
|
[
|
|
.BI -j N
|
|
]
|
|
[
|
|
.BI -P cpp
|
|
]
|
|
.I file
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B spin
|
|
.B -V
|
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
|
.I Spin
|
|
is a tool for analyzing the logical consistency of
|
|
asynchronous systems, specifically distributed software
|
|
amd communication protocols.
|
|
A verification model of the system is first specified
|
|
in a guarded command language called
|
|
.IR Promela .
|
|
This specification language, described in the reference,
|
|
allows for the modeling of dynamic creation of
|
|
asynchronous processes,
|
|
nondeterministic case selection, loops, gotos, local and
|
|
global variables.
|
|
It also allows for a concise specification of logical
|
|
correctness requirements, including, but not restricted
|
|
to requirements expressed in linear temporal logic.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Given a Promela model stored in
|
|
.IR file ,
|
|
.I spin
|
|
can perform interactive, guided, or random simulations
|
|
of the system's execution.
|
|
It can also generate a C program that performs an exhaustive
|
|
or approximate verification of the correctness requirements
|
|
for the system.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -a
|
|
Generate a verifier (model checker) for the specification.
|
|
The output is written into a set of C files, named
|
|
.BR pan.[cbhmt] ,
|
|
that can be compiled
|
|
.RB ( "pcc pan.c" )
|
|
to produce an executable verifier.
|
|
The online
|
|
.I spin
|
|
manuals (see below) contain
|
|
the details on compilation and use of the verifiers.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -c
|
|
Produce an ASCII approximation of a message sequence
|
|
chart for a random or guided (when combined with
|
|
.BR -t )
|
|
simulation run. See also option
|
|
.BR -M .
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -d
|
|
Produce symbol table information for the model specified in
|
|
.IR file .
|
|
For each Promela object this information includes the type, name and
|
|
number of elements (if declared as an array), the initial
|
|
value (if a data object) or size (if a message channel), the
|
|
scope (global or local), and whether the object is declared as
|
|
a variable or as a parameter. For message channels, the data types
|
|
of the message fields are listed.
|
|
For structure variables, the third field defines the
|
|
name of the structure declaration that contains the variable.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI -f " ltl"
|
|
Translate the LTL formula
|
|
.I ltl
|
|
into a
|
|
.I never
|
|
claim.
|
|
.br
|
|
This option reads a formula in LTL syntax from the second argument
|
|
and translates it into Promela syntax (a
|
|
.I never
|
|
claim, which is Promela's
|
|
equivalent of a Büchi Automaton).
|
|
The LTL operators are written:
|
|
.B []
|
|
(always),
|
|
.B <>
|
|
(eventually),
|
|
and
|
|
.B U
|
|
(strong until). There is no
|
|
.B X
|
|
(next) operator, to secure
|
|
compatibility with the partial order reduction rules that are
|
|
applied during the verification process.
|
|
If the formula contains spaces, it should be quoted to form a
|
|
single argument to the
|
|
.I spin
|
|
command.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI -F " file"
|
|
Translate the LTL formula stored in
|
|
.I file
|
|
into a
|
|
.I never
|
|
claim.
|
|
.br
|
|
This behaves identically to option
|
|
.B -f
|
|
but will read the formula from the
|
|
.I file
|
|
instead of from the command line.
|
|
The file should contain the formula as the first line. Any text
|
|
that follows this first line is ignored, so it can be used to
|
|
store comments or annotation on the formula.
|
|
(On some systems the quoting conventions of the shell complicate
|
|
the use of option
|
|
.BR -f .
|
|
Option
|
|
.B -F
|
|
is meant to solve those problems.)
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -i
|
|
Perform an interactive simulation, prompting the user at
|
|
every execution step that requires a nondeterministic choice
|
|
to be made. The simulation proceeds without user intervention
|
|
when execution is deterministic.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -M
|
|
Produce a message sequence chart in Postscript form for a
|
|
random simulation or a guided simulation
|
|
(when combined with
|
|
.BR -t ),
|
|
for the model in
|
|
.IR file ,
|
|
and write the result into
|
|
.IR file.ps .
|
|
See also option
|
|
.BR -c .
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -m
|
|
Changes the semantics of send events.
|
|
Ordinarily, a send action will be (blocked) if the
|
|
target message buffer is full.
|
|
With this option a message sent to a full buffer is lost.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI -n N
|
|
Set the seed for a random simulation to the integer value
|
|
.IR N .
|
|
There is no space between the
|
|
.B -n
|
|
and the integer
|
|
.IR N .
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -t
|
|
Perform a guided simulation, following the error trail that
|
|
was produces by an earlier verification run, see the online manuals
|
|
for the details on verification.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -V
|
|
Prints the
|
|
.I spin
|
|
version number and exits.
|
|
.
|
|
.PP
|
|
With only a filename as an argument and no options,
|
|
.I spin
|
|
performs a random simulation of the model specified in
|
|
the file (standard input is the default if the filename is omitted).
|
|
If option
|
|
.B -i
|
|
is added, the simulation is
|
|
.IR interactive ,
|
|
or if option
|
|
.B -t
|
|
is added, the simulation is
|
|
.IR guided .
|
|
.PP
|
|
The simulation normally does not generate output, except what is generated
|
|
explicitly by the user within the model with
|
|
.I printf
|
|
statements, and some details about the final state that is
|
|
reached after the simulation completes.
|
|
The group of options
|
|
.B -bglmprsv
|
|
sets the desired level of information that the user wants
|
|
about a random, guided, or interactive simulation run.
|
|
Every line of output normally contains a reference to the source
|
|
line in the specification that generated it.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -b
|
|
Suppress the execution of
|
|
.I printf
|
|
statements within the model.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -g
|
|
Show at each time step the current value of global variables.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -l
|
|
In combination with option
|
|
.BR -p ,
|
|
show the current value of local variables of the process.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -p
|
|
Show at each simulation step which process changed state,
|
|
and what source statement was executed.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -r
|
|
Show all message-receive events, giving
|
|
the name and number of the receiving process
|
|
and the corresponding the source line number.
|
|
For each message parameter, show
|
|
the message type and the message channel number and name.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -s
|
|
Show all message-send events.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -v
|
|
Verbose mode, add some more detail, and generate more
|
|
hints and warnings about the model.
|
|
.SH SOURCE
|
|
.B /sys/src/cmd/spin
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
|
.in +4
|
|
.ti -4
|
|
.BR http://spinroot.com :
|
|
.BR GettingStarted.pdf ,
|
|
.BR Roadmap.pdf ,
|
|
.BR Manual.pdf ,
|
|
.BR WhatsNew.pdf ,
|
|
.B Exercises.pdf
|
|
.br
|
|
.in -4
|
|
G.J. Holzmann,
|
|
.IR "Design and Validation of Computer Protocols" ,
|
|
Prentice Hall, 1991.
|
|
.br
|
|
—, `Design and validation of protocols: a tutorial,'
|
|
.IR "Computer Networks and ISDN Systems" ,
|
|
Vol. 25, No. 9, 1993, pp. 981-1017.
|
|
.br
|
|
—, `The model checker Spin,'
|
|
.IR "IEEE Trans. on SE" ,
|
|
Vol, 23, No. 5, May 1997.
|