zig/src-self-hosted/codegen.zig

549 lines
24 KiB
Zig

const std = @import("std");
const mem = std.mem;
const assert = std.debug.assert;
const ir = @import("ir.zig");
const Type = @import("type.zig").Type;
const Value = @import("value.zig").Value;
const Target = std.Target;
const Allocator = mem.Allocator;
pub fn generateSymbol(typed_value: ir.TypedValue, module: ir.Module, code: *std.ArrayList(u8)) !?*ir.ErrorMsg {
switch (typed_value.ty.zigTypeTag()) {
.Fn => {
const module_fn = typed_value.val.cast(Value.Payload.Function).?.func;
var function = Function{
.module = &module,
.mod_fn = module_fn,
.code = code,
.inst_table = std.AutoHashMap(*ir.Inst, Function.MCValue).init(code.allocator),
.err_msg = null,
};
defer function.inst_table.deinit();
for (module_fn.body.instructions) |inst| {
const new_inst = function.genFuncInst(inst) catch |err| switch (err) {
error.CodegenFail => {
assert(function.err_msg != null);
break;
},
else => |e| return e,
};
try function.inst_table.putNoClobber(inst, new_inst);
}
return function.err_msg;
},
else => @panic("TODO implement generateSymbol for non-function decls"),
}
}
const Function = struct {
module: *const ir.Module,
mod_fn: *const ir.Module.Fn,
code: *std.ArrayList(u8),
inst_table: std.AutoHashMap(*ir.Inst, MCValue),
err_msg: ?*ir.ErrorMsg,
const MCValue = union(enum) {
none,
unreach,
/// A pointer-sized integer that fits in a register.
immediate: u64,
/// The constant was emitted into the code, at this offset.
embedded_in_code: usize,
/// The value is in a target-specific register. The value can
/// be @intToEnum casted to the respective Reg enum.
register: usize,
};
fn genFuncInst(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst) !MCValue {
switch (inst.tag) {
.breakpoint => return self.genBreakpoint(inst.src),
.call => return self.genCall(inst.cast(ir.Inst.Call).?),
.unreach => return MCValue{ .unreach = {} },
.constant => unreachable, // excluded from function bodies
.assembly => return self.genAsm(inst.cast(ir.Inst.Assembly).?),
.ptrtoint => return self.genPtrToInt(inst.cast(ir.Inst.PtrToInt).?),
.bitcast => return self.genBitCast(inst.cast(ir.Inst.BitCast).?),
.ret => return self.genRet(inst.cast(ir.Inst.Ret).?),
.cmp => return self.genCmp(inst.cast(ir.Inst.Cmp).?),
.condbr => return self.genCondBr(inst.cast(ir.Inst.CondBr).?),
.isnull => return self.genIsNull(inst.cast(ir.Inst.IsNull).?),
.isnonnull => return self.genIsNonNull(inst.cast(ir.Inst.IsNonNull).?),
}
}
fn genBreakpoint(self: *Function, src: usize) !MCValue {
switch (self.module.target.cpu.arch) {
.i386, .x86_64 => {
try self.code.append(0xcc); // int3
},
else => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement @breakpoint() for {}", .{self.module.target.cpu.arch}),
}
return .unreach;
}
fn genCall(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.Call) !MCValue {
switch (self.module.target.cpu.arch) {
else => return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement call for {}", .{self.module.target.cpu.arch}),
}
return .unreach;
}
fn genRet(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.Ret) !MCValue {
switch (self.module.target.cpu.arch) {
.i386, .x86_64 => {
try self.code.append(0xc3); // ret
},
else => return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement return for {}", .{self.module.target.cpu.arch}),
}
return .unreach;
}
fn genCmp(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.Cmp) !MCValue {
switch (self.module.target.cpu.arch) {
else => return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement cmp for {}", .{self.module.target.cpu.arch}),
}
}
fn genCondBr(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.CondBr) !MCValue {
switch (self.module.target.cpu.arch) {
else => return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement condbr for {}", .{self.module.target.cpu.arch}),
}
}
fn genIsNull(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.IsNull) !MCValue {
switch (self.module.target.cpu.arch) {
else => return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement isnull for {}", .{self.module.target.cpu.arch}),
}
}
fn genIsNonNull(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.IsNonNull) !MCValue {
// Here you can specialize this instruction if it makes sense to, otherwise the default
// will call genIsNull and invert the result.
switch (self.module.target.cpu.arch) {
else => return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO call genIsNull and invert the result ", .{}),
}
}
fn genRelativeFwdJump(self: *Function, src: usize, amount: u32) !void {
switch (self.module.target.cpu.arch) {
.i386, .x86_64 => {
// TODO x86 treats the operands as signed
if (amount <= std.math.maxInt(u8)) {
try self.code.resize(self.code.items.len + 2);
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 2] = 0xeb;
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 1] = @intCast(u8, amount);
} else {
try self.code.resize(self.code.items.len + 5);
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 5] = 0xe9; // jmp rel32
const imm_ptr = self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 4 ..][0..4];
mem.writeIntLittle(u32, imm_ptr, amount);
}
},
else => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement relative forward jump for {}", .{self.module.target.cpu.arch}),
}
}
fn genAsm(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.Assembly) !MCValue {
// TODO convert to inline function
switch (self.module.target.cpu.arch) {
.arm => return self.genAsmArch(.arm, inst),
.armeb => return self.genAsmArch(.armeb, inst),
.aarch64 => return self.genAsmArch(.aarch64, inst),
.aarch64_be => return self.genAsmArch(.aarch64_be, inst),
.aarch64_32 => return self.genAsmArch(.aarch64_32, inst),
.arc => return self.genAsmArch(.arc, inst),
.avr => return self.genAsmArch(.avr, inst),
.bpfel => return self.genAsmArch(.bpfel, inst),
.bpfeb => return self.genAsmArch(.bpfeb, inst),
.hexagon => return self.genAsmArch(.hexagon, inst),
.mips => return self.genAsmArch(.mips, inst),
.mipsel => return self.genAsmArch(.mipsel, inst),
.mips64 => return self.genAsmArch(.mips64, inst),
.mips64el => return self.genAsmArch(.mips64el, inst),
.msp430 => return self.genAsmArch(.msp430, inst),
.powerpc => return self.genAsmArch(.powerpc, inst),
.powerpc64 => return self.genAsmArch(.powerpc64, inst),
.powerpc64le => return self.genAsmArch(.powerpc64le, inst),
.r600 => return self.genAsmArch(.r600, inst),
.amdgcn => return self.genAsmArch(.amdgcn, inst),
.riscv32 => return self.genAsmArch(.riscv32, inst),
.riscv64 => return self.genAsmArch(.riscv64, inst),
.sparc => return self.genAsmArch(.sparc, inst),
.sparcv9 => return self.genAsmArch(.sparcv9, inst),
.sparcel => return self.genAsmArch(.sparcel, inst),
.s390x => return self.genAsmArch(.s390x, inst),
.tce => return self.genAsmArch(.tce, inst),
.tcele => return self.genAsmArch(.tcele, inst),
.thumb => return self.genAsmArch(.thumb, inst),
.thumbeb => return self.genAsmArch(.thumbeb, inst),
.i386 => return self.genAsmArch(.i386, inst),
.x86_64 => return self.genAsmArch(.x86_64, inst),
.xcore => return self.genAsmArch(.xcore, inst),
.nvptx => return self.genAsmArch(.nvptx, inst),
.nvptx64 => return self.genAsmArch(.nvptx64, inst),
.le32 => return self.genAsmArch(.le32, inst),
.le64 => return self.genAsmArch(.le64, inst),
.amdil => return self.genAsmArch(.amdil, inst),
.amdil64 => return self.genAsmArch(.amdil64, inst),
.hsail => return self.genAsmArch(.hsail, inst),
.hsail64 => return self.genAsmArch(.hsail64, inst),
.spir => return self.genAsmArch(.spir, inst),
.spir64 => return self.genAsmArch(.spir64, inst),
.kalimba => return self.genAsmArch(.kalimba, inst),
.shave => return self.genAsmArch(.shave, inst),
.lanai => return self.genAsmArch(.lanai, inst),
.wasm32 => return self.genAsmArch(.wasm32, inst),
.wasm64 => return self.genAsmArch(.wasm64, inst),
.renderscript32 => return self.genAsmArch(.renderscript32, inst),
.renderscript64 => return self.genAsmArch(.renderscript64, inst),
.ve => return self.genAsmArch(.ve, inst),
}
}
fn genAsmArch(self: *Function, comptime arch: Target.Cpu.Arch, inst: *ir.Inst.Assembly) !MCValue {
if (arch != .x86_64 and arch != .i386) {
return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement inline asm support for more architectures", .{});
}
for (inst.args.inputs) |input, i| {
if (input.len < 3 or input[0] != '{' or input[input.len - 1] != '}') {
return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm input constraint: '{}'", .{input});
}
const reg_name = input[1 .. input.len - 1];
const reg = parseRegName(arch, reg_name) orelse
return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{}'", .{reg_name});
const arg = try self.resolveInst(inst.args.args[i]);
try self.genSetReg(inst.base.src, arch, reg, arg);
}
if (mem.eql(u8, inst.args.asm_source, "syscall")) {
try self.code.appendSlice(&[_]u8{ 0x0f, 0x05 });
} else {
return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement support for more x86 assembly instructions", .{});
}
if (inst.args.output) |output| {
if (output.len < 4 or output[0] != '=' or output[1] != '{' or output[output.len - 1] != '}') {
return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm output constraint: '{}'", .{output});
}
const reg_name = output[2 .. output.len - 1];
const reg = parseRegName(arch, reg_name) orelse
return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{}'", .{reg_name});
return MCValue{ .register = @enumToInt(reg) };
} else {
return MCValue.none;
}
}
fn genSetReg(self: *Function, src: usize, comptime arch: Target.Cpu.Arch, reg: Reg(arch), mcv: MCValue) !void {
switch (arch) {
.x86_64 => switch (reg) {
.rax => switch (mcv) {
.none, .unreach => unreachable,
.immediate => |x| {
// Setting the eax register zeroes the upper part of rax, so if the number is small
// enough, that is preferable.
// Best case: zero
// 31 c0 xor eax,eax
if (x == 0) {
return self.code.appendSlice(&[_]u8{ 0x31, 0xc0 });
}
// Next best case: set eax with 4 bytes
// b8 04 03 02 01 mov eax,0x01020304
if (x <= std.math.maxInt(u32)) {
try self.code.resize(self.code.items.len + 5);
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 5] = 0xb8;
const imm_ptr = self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 4 ..][0..4];
mem.writeIntLittle(u32, imm_ptr, @intCast(u32, x));
return;
}
// Worst case: set rax with 8 bytes
// 48 b8 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 movabs rax,0x0102030405060708
try self.code.resize(self.code.items.len + 10);
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 10] = 0x48;
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 9] = 0xb8;
const imm_ptr = self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 8 ..][0..8];
mem.writeIntLittle(u64, imm_ptr, x);
return;
},
.embedded_in_code => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement x86_64 genSetReg %rax = embedded_in_code", .{}),
.register => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement x86_64 genSetReg %rax = register", .{}),
},
.rdx => switch (mcv) {
.none, .unreach => unreachable,
.immediate => |x| {
// Setting the edx register zeroes the upper part of rdx, so if the number is small
// enough, that is preferable.
// Best case: zero
// 31 d2 xor edx,edx
if (x == 0) {
return self.code.appendSlice(&[_]u8{ 0x31, 0xd2 });
}
// Next best case: set edx with 4 bytes
// ba 04 03 02 01 mov edx,0x1020304
if (x <= std.math.maxInt(u32)) {
try self.code.resize(self.code.items.len + 5);
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 5] = 0xba;
const imm_ptr = self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 4 ..][0..4];
mem.writeIntLittle(u32, imm_ptr, @intCast(u32, x));
return;
}
// Worst case: set rdx with 8 bytes
// 48 ba 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 movabs rdx,0x0102030405060708
try self.code.resize(self.code.items.len + 10);
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 10] = 0x48;
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 9] = 0xba;
const imm_ptr = self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 8 ..][0..8];
mem.writeIntLittle(u64, imm_ptr, x);
return;
},
.embedded_in_code => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement x86_64 genSetReg %rdx = embedded_in_code", .{}),
.register => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement x86_64 genSetReg %rdx = register", .{}),
},
.rdi => switch (mcv) {
.none, .unreach => unreachable,
.immediate => |x| {
// Setting the edi register zeroes the upper part of rdi, so if the number is small
// enough, that is preferable.
// Best case: zero
// 31 ff xor edi,edi
if (x == 0) {
return self.code.appendSlice(&[_]u8{ 0x31, 0xff });
}
// Next best case: set edi with 4 bytes
// bf 04 03 02 01 mov edi,0x1020304
if (x <= std.math.maxInt(u32)) {
try self.code.resize(self.code.items.len + 5);
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 5] = 0xbf;
const imm_ptr = self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 4 ..][0..4];
mem.writeIntLittle(u32, imm_ptr, @intCast(u32, x));
return;
}
// Worst case: set rdi with 8 bytes
// 48 bf 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 movabs rax,0x0102030405060708
try self.code.resize(self.code.items.len + 10);
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 10] = 0x48;
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 9] = 0xbf;
const imm_ptr = self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 8 ..][0..8];
mem.writeIntLittle(u64, imm_ptr, x);
return;
},
.embedded_in_code => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement x86_64 genSetReg %rdi = embedded_in_code", .{}),
.register => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement x86_64 genSetReg %rdi = register", .{}),
},
.rsi => switch (mcv) {
.none, .unreach => unreachable,
.immediate => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement x86_64 genSetReg %rsi = immediate", .{}),
.embedded_in_code => |code_offset| {
// Examples:
// lea rsi, [rip + 0x01020304]
// lea rsi, [rip - 7]
// f: 48 8d 35 04 03 02 01 lea rsi,[rip+0x1020304] # 102031a <_start+0x102031a>
// 16: 48 8d 35 f9 ff ff ff lea rsi,[rip+0xfffffffffffffff9] # 16 <_start+0x16>
//
// We need the offset from RIP in a signed i32 twos complement.
// The instruction is 7 bytes long and RIP points to the next instruction.
try self.code.resize(self.code.items.len + 7);
const rip = self.code.items.len;
const big_offset = @intCast(i64, code_offset) - @intCast(i64, rip);
const offset = @intCast(i32, big_offset);
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 7] = 0x48;
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 6] = 0x8d;
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 5] = 0x35;
const imm_ptr = self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 4 ..][0..4];
mem.writeIntLittle(i32, imm_ptr, offset);
return;
},
.register => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement x86_64 genSetReg %rsi = register", .{}),
},
else => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement genSetReg for x86_64 '{}'", .{@tagName(reg)}),
},
else => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement genSetReg for more architectures", .{}),
}
}
fn genPtrToInt(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.PtrToInt) !MCValue {
// no-op
return self.resolveInst(inst.args.ptr);
}
fn genBitCast(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.BitCast) !MCValue {
const operand = try self.resolveInst(inst.args.operand);
return operand;
}
fn resolveInst(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst) !MCValue {
if (self.inst_table.getValue(inst)) |mcv| {
return mcv;
}
if (inst.cast(ir.Inst.Constant)) |const_inst| {
const mcvalue = try self.genTypedValue(inst.src, .{ .ty = inst.ty, .val = const_inst.val });
try self.inst_table.putNoClobber(inst, mcvalue);
return mcvalue;
} else {
return self.inst_table.getValue(inst).?;
}
}
fn genTypedValue(self: *Function, src: usize, typed_value: ir.TypedValue) !MCValue {
switch (typed_value.ty.zigTypeTag()) {
.Pointer => {
const ptr_elem_type = typed_value.ty.elemType();
switch (ptr_elem_type.zigTypeTag()) {
.Array => {
// TODO more checks to make sure this can be emitted as a string literal
const bytes = try typed_value.val.toAllocatedBytes(self.code.allocator);
defer self.code.allocator.free(bytes);
const smaller_len = std.math.cast(u32, bytes.len) catch
return self.fail(src, "TODO handle a larger string constant", .{});
// Emit the string literal directly into the code; jump over it.
try self.genRelativeFwdJump(src, smaller_len);
const offset = self.code.items.len;
try self.code.appendSlice(bytes);
return MCValue{ .embedded_in_code = offset };
},
else => |t| return self.fail(src, "TODO implement emitTypedValue for pointer to '{}'", .{@tagName(t)}),
}
},
.Int => {
const info = typed_value.ty.intInfo(self.module.target);
const ptr_bits = self.module.target.cpu.arch.ptrBitWidth();
if (info.bits > ptr_bits or info.signed) {
return self.fail(src, "TODO const int bigger than ptr and signed int", .{});
}
return MCValue{ .immediate = typed_value.val.toUnsignedInt() };
},
.ComptimeInt => unreachable, // semantic analysis prevents this
.ComptimeFloat => unreachable, // semantic analysis prevents this
else => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement const of type '{}'", .{typed_value.ty}),
}
}
fn fail(self: *Function, src: usize, comptime format: []const u8, args: var) error{ CodegenFail, OutOfMemory } {
@setCold(true);
assert(self.err_msg == null);
self.err_msg = try ir.ErrorMsg.create(self.code.allocator, src, format, args);
return error.CodegenFail;
}
};
fn Reg(comptime arch: Target.Cpu.Arch) type {
return switch (arch) {
.i386 => enum {
eax,
ebx,
ecx,
edx,
ebp,
esp,
esi,
edi,
ax,
bx,
cx,
dx,
bp,
sp,
si,
di,
ah,
bh,
ch,
dh,
al,
bl,
cl,
dl,
},
.x86_64 => enum {
rax,
rbx,
rcx,
rdx,
rbp,
rsp,
rsi,
rdi,
r8,
r9,
r10,
r11,
r12,
r13,
r14,
r15,
eax,
ebx,
ecx,
edx,
ebp,
esp,
esi,
edi,
r8d,
r9d,
r10d,
r11d,
r12d,
r13d,
r14d,
r15d,
ax,
bx,
cx,
dx,
bp,
sp,
si,
di,
r8w,
r9w,
r10w,
r11w,
r12w,
r13w,
r14w,
r15w,
ah,
bh,
ch,
dh,
bph,
sph,
sih,
dih,
al,
bl,
cl,
dl,
bpl,
spl,
sil,
dil,
r8b,
r9b,
r10b,
r11b,
r12b,
r13b,
r14b,
r15b,
},
else => @compileError("TODO add more register enums"),
};
}
fn parseRegName(comptime arch: Target.Cpu.Arch, name: []const u8) ?Reg(arch) {
return std.meta.stringToEnum(Reg(arch), name);
}