zig/src/ir.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2016 Andrew Kelley
 *
 * This file is part of zig, which is MIT licensed.
 * See http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
 */

#include "analyze.hpp"
#include "ast_render.hpp"
#include "error.hpp"
#include "ir.hpp"
#include "ir_print.hpp"
#include "os.hpp"
#include "translate_c.hpp"
#include "range_set.hpp"
#include "softfloat.hpp"

struct IrExecContext {
    ConstExprValue *mem_slot_list;
    size_t mem_slot_count;
};

struct IrBuilder {
    CodeGen *codegen;
    IrExecutable *exec;
    IrBasicBlock *current_basic_block;
};

struct IrAnalyze {
    CodeGen *codegen;
    IrBuilder old_irb;
    IrBuilder new_irb;
    IrExecContext exec_context;
    size_t old_bb_index;
    size_t instruction_index;
    TypeTableEntry *explicit_return_type;
    ZigList<IrInstruction *> src_implicit_return_type_list;
    IrBasicBlock *const_predecessor_bb;
};

static const LVal LVAL_NONE = { false, false, false };
static const LVal LVAL_PTR = { true, false, false };

static LVal make_lval_addr(bool is_const, bool is_volatile) {
    return { true, is_const, is_volatile };
}

enum ConstCastResultId {
    ConstCastResultIdOk,
    ConstCastResultIdErrSet,
    ConstCastResultIdErrSetGlobal,
    ConstCastResultIdPointerChild,
    ConstCastResultIdSliceChild,
    ConstCastResultIdNullableChild,
    ConstCastResultIdErrorUnionPayload,
    ConstCastResultIdErrorUnionErrorSet,
    ConstCastResultIdFnAlign,
    ConstCastResultIdFnCC,
    ConstCastResultIdFnVarArgs,
    ConstCastResultIdFnIsGeneric,
    ConstCastResultIdFnReturnType,
    ConstCastResultIdFnArgCount,
    ConstCastResultIdFnGenericArgCount,
    ConstCastResultIdFnArg,
    ConstCastResultIdFnArgNoAlias,
    ConstCastResultIdType,
    ConstCastResultIdUnresolvedInferredErrSet,
    ConstCastResultIdAsyncAllocatorType,
};

struct ConstCastErrSetMismatch {
    ZigList<ErrorTableEntry *> missing_errors;
};

struct ConstCastOnly;

struct ConstCastArg {
    size_t arg_index;
    ConstCastOnly *child;
};

struct ConstCastArgNoAlias {
    size_t arg_index;
};

struct ConstCastOnly {
    ConstCastResultId id;
    union {
        ConstCastErrSetMismatch error_set;
        ConstCastOnly *pointer_child;
        ConstCastOnly *slice_child;
        ConstCastOnly *nullable_child;
        ConstCastOnly *error_union_payload;
        ConstCastOnly *error_union_error_set;
        ConstCastOnly *return_type;
        ConstCastOnly *async_allocator_type;
        ConstCastArg fn_arg;
        ConstCastArgNoAlias arg_no_alias;
    } data;
};


static IrInstruction *ir_gen_node(IrBuilder *irb, AstNode *node, Scope *scope);
static IrInstruction *ir_gen_node_extra(IrBuilder *irb, AstNode *node, Scope *scope, LVal lval);
static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *instruction);
static IrInstruction *ir_implicit_cast(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *value, TypeTableEntry *expected_type);
static IrInstruction *ir_get_deref(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instruction, IrInstruction *ptr);
static ErrorMsg *exec_add_error_node(CodeGen *codegen, IrExecutable *exec, AstNode *source_node, Buf *msg);
static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_container_field_ptr(IrAnalyze *ira, Buf *field_name,
    IrInstruction *source_instr, IrInstruction *container_ptr, TypeTableEntry *container_type);
static IrInstruction *ir_get_var_ptr(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *instruction,
        VariableTableEntry *var, bool is_const_ptr, bool is_volatile_ptr);

ConstExprValue *const_ptr_pointee(CodeGen *g, ConstExprValue *const_val) {
    assert(const_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
    assert(const_val->special == ConstValSpecialStatic);
    switch (const_val->data.x_ptr.special) {
        case ConstPtrSpecialInvalid:
            zig_unreachable();
        case ConstPtrSpecialRef:
            return const_val->data.x_ptr.data.ref.pointee;
        case ConstPtrSpecialBaseArray:
            expand_undef_array(g, const_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val);
            return &const_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val->data.x_array.s_none.elements[
                const_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.elem_index];
        case ConstPtrSpecialBaseStruct:
            return &const_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_struct.struct_val->data.x_struct.fields[
                const_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_struct.field_index];
        case ConstPtrSpecialHardCodedAddr:
            zig_unreachable();
        case ConstPtrSpecialDiscard:
            zig_unreachable();
        case ConstPtrSpecialFunction:
            zig_unreachable();
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static bool ir_should_inline(IrExecutable *exec, Scope *scope) {
    if (exec->is_inline)
        return true;

    while (scope != nullptr) {
        if (scope->id == ScopeIdCompTime)
            return true;
        scope = scope->parent;
    }
    return false;
}

static void ir_instruction_append(IrBasicBlock *basic_block, IrInstruction *instruction) {
    assert(basic_block);
    assert(instruction);
    basic_block->instruction_list.append(instruction);
}

static size_t exec_next_debug_id(IrExecutable *exec) {
    size_t result = exec->next_debug_id;
    exec->next_debug_id += 1;
    return result;
}

static size_t exec_next_mem_slot(IrExecutable *exec) {
    size_t result = exec->mem_slot_count;
    exec->mem_slot_count += 1;
    return result;
}

static FnTableEntry *exec_fn_entry(IrExecutable *exec) {
    return exec->fn_entry;
}

static Buf *exec_c_import_buf(IrExecutable *exec) {
    return exec->c_import_buf;
}

static bool value_is_comptime(ConstExprValue *const_val) {
    return const_val->special != ConstValSpecialRuntime;
}

static bool instr_is_comptime(IrInstruction *instruction) {
    return value_is_comptime(&instruction->value);
}

static bool instr_is_unreachable(IrInstruction *instruction) {
    return instruction->value.type && instruction->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable;
}

static void ir_link_new_instruction(IrInstruction *new_instruction, IrInstruction *old_instruction) {
    new_instruction->other = old_instruction;
    old_instruction->other = new_instruction;
}

static void ir_link_new_bb(IrBasicBlock *new_bb, IrBasicBlock *old_bb) {
    new_bb->other = old_bb;
    old_bb->other = new_bb;
}

static void ir_ref_bb(IrBasicBlock *bb) {
    bb->ref_count += 1;
}

static void ir_ref_instruction(IrInstruction *instruction, IrBasicBlock *cur_bb) {
    assert(instruction->id != IrInstructionIdInvalid);
    instruction->ref_count += 1;
    if (instruction->owner_bb != cur_bb && !instr_is_comptime(instruction))
        ir_ref_bb(instruction->owner_bb);
}

static void ir_ref_var(VariableTableEntry *var) {
    var->ref_count += 1;
}

static IrBasicBlock *ir_create_basic_block(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, const char *name_hint) {
    IrBasicBlock *result = allocate<IrBasicBlock>(1);
    result->scope = scope;
    result->name_hint = name_hint;
    result->debug_id = exec_next_debug_id(irb->exec);
    return result;
}

static IrBasicBlock *ir_build_bb_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrBasicBlock *other_bb) {
    IrBasicBlock *new_bb = ir_create_basic_block(irb, other_bb->scope, other_bb->name_hint);
    ir_link_new_bb(new_bb, other_bb);
    return new_bb;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCondBr *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCondBr;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionBr *) {
    return IrInstructionIdBr;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionSwitchBr *) {
    return IrInstructionIdSwitchBr;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionSwitchVar *) {
    return IrInstructionIdSwitchVar;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionSwitchTarget *) {
    return IrInstructionIdSwitchTarget;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionPhi *) {
    return IrInstructionIdPhi;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionUnOp *) {
    return IrInstructionIdUnOp;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionBinOp *) {
    return IrInstructionIdBinOp;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionDeclVar *) {
    return IrInstructionIdDeclVar;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionExport *) {
    return IrInstructionIdExport;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionLoadPtr *) {
    return IrInstructionIdLoadPtr;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionStorePtr *) {
    return IrInstructionIdStorePtr;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionFieldPtr *) {
    return IrInstructionIdFieldPtr;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionStructFieldPtr *) {
    return IrInstructionIdStructFieldPtr;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionUnionFieldPtr *) {
    return IrInstructionIdUnionFieldPtr;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionElemPtr *) {
    return IrInstructionIdElemPtr;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionVarPtr *) {
    return IrInstructionIdVarPtr;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCall *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCall;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionConst *) {
    return IrInstructionIdConst;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionReturn *) {
    return IrInstructionIdReturn;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCast *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCast;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionContainerInitList *) {
    return IrInstructionIdContainerInitList;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionContainerInitFields *) {
    return IrInstructionIdContainerInitFields;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionUnreachable *) {
    return IrInstructionIdUnreachable;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionTypeOf *) {
    return IrInstructionIdTypeOf;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionToPtrType *) {
    return IrInstructionIdToPtrType;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionPtrTypeChild *) {
    return IrInstructionIdPtrTypeChild;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionSetCold *) {
    return IrInstructionIdSetCold;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionSetRuntimeSafety *) {
    return IrInstructionIdSetRuntimeSafety;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionSetFloatMode *) {
    return IrInstructionIdSetFloatMode;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionArrayType *) {
    return IrInstructionIdArrayType;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionPromiseType *) {
    return IrInstructionIdPromiseType;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionSliceType *) {
    return IrInstructionIdSliceType;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionAsm *) {
    return IrInstructionIdAsm;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionSizeOf *) {
    return IrInstructionIdSizeOf;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionTestNonNull *) {
    return IrInstructionIdTestNonNull;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionUnwrapMaybe *) {
    return IrInstructionIdUnwrapMaybe;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionClz *) {
    return IrInstructionIdClz;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCtz *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCtz;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionUnionTag *) {
    return IrInstructionIdUnionTag;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionImport *) {
    return IrInstructionIdImport;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCImport *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCImport;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCInclude *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCInclude;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCDefine *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCDefine;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCUndef *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCUndef;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionArrayLen *) {
    return IrInstructionIdArrayLen;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionRef *) {
    return IrInstructionIdRef;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionStructInit *) {
    return IrInstructionIdStructInit;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionUnionInit *) {
    return IrInstructionIdUnionInit;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionMinValue *) {
    return IrInstructionIdMinValue;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionMaxValue *) {
    return IrInstructionIdMaxValue;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCompileErr *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCompileErr;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCompileLog *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCompileLog;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionErrName *) {
    return IrInstructionIdErrName;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionEmbedFile *) {
    return IrInstructionIdEmbedFile;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCmpxchg *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCmpxchg;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionFence *) {
    return IrInstructionIdFence;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionTruncate *) {
    return IrInstructionIdTruncate;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionIntType *) {
    return IrInstructionIdIntType;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionBoolNot *) {
    return IrInstructionIdBoolNot;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionMemset *) {
    return IrInstructionIdMemset;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionMemcpy *) {
    return IrInstructionIdMemcpy;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionSlice *) {
    return IrInstructionIdSlice;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionMemberCount *) {
    return IrInstructionIdMemberCount;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionMemberType *) {
    return IrInstructionIdMemberType;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionMemberName *) {
    return IrInstructionIdMemberName;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionBreakpoint *) {
    return IrInstructionIdBreakpoint;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionReturnAddress *) {
    return IrInstructionIdReturnAddress;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionFrameAddress *) {
    return IrInstructionIdFrameAddress;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionAlignOf *) {
    return IrInstructionIdAlignOf;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionOverflowOp *) {
    return IrInstructionIdOverflowOp;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionTestErr *) {
    return IrInstructionIdTestErr;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionUnwrapErrCode *) {
    return IrInstructionIdUnwrapErrCode;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionUnwrapErrPayload *) {
    return IrInstructionIdUnwrapErrPayload;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionMaybeWrap *) {
    return IrInstructionIdMaybeWrap;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionErrWrapPayload *) {
    return IrInstructionIdErrWrapPayload;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionErrWrapCode *) {
    return IrInstructionIdErrWrapCode;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionFnProto *) {
    return IrInstructionIdFnProto;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionTestComptime *) {
    return IrInstructionIdTestComptime;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionPtrCast *) {
    return IrInstructionIdPtrCast;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionBitCast *) {
    return IrInstructionIdBitCast;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionWidenOrShorten *) {
    return IrInstructionIdWidenOrShorten;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionPtrToInt *) {
    return IrInstructionIdPtrToInt;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionIntToPtr *) {
    return IrInstructionIdIntToPtr;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionIntToEnum *) {
    return IrInstructionIdIntToEnum;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionIntToErr *) {
    return IrInstructionIdIntToErr;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionErrToInt *) {
    return IrInstructionIdErrToInt;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCheckSwitchProngs *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCheckSwitchProngs;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCheckStatementIsVoid *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCheckStatementIsVoid;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionTypeName *) {
    return IrInstructionIdTypeName;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCanImplicitCast *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCanImplicitCast;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionDeclRef *) {
    return IrInstructionIdDeclRef;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionPanic *) {
    return IrInstructionIdPanic;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionTagName *) {
    return IrInstructionIdTagName;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionTagType *) {
    return IrInstructionIdTagType;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionFieldParentPtr *) {
    return IrInstructionIdFieldParentPtr;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionOffsetOf *) {
    return IrInstructionIdOffsetOf;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionTypeId *) {
    return IrInstructionIdTypeId;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionSetEvalBranchQuota *) {
    return IrInstructionIdSetEvalBranchQuota;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionPtrTypeOf *) {
    return IrInstructionIdPtrTypeOf;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionAlignCast *) {
    return IrInstructionIdAlignCast;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionOpaqueType *) {
    return IrInstructionIdOpaqueType;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionSetAlignStack *) {
    return IrInstructionIdSetAlignStack;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionArgType *) {
    return IrInstructionIdArgType;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionErrorReturnTrace *) {
    return IrInstructionIdErrorReturnTrace;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionErrorUnion *) {
    return IrInstructionIdErrorUnion;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCancel *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCancel;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionGetImplicitAllocator *) {
    return IrInstructionIdGetImplicitAllocator;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCoroId *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCoroId;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCoroAlloc *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCoroAlloc;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCoroSize *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCoroSize;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCoroBegin *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCoroBegin;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCoroAllocFail *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCoroAllocFail;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCoroSuspend *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCoroSuspend;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCoroEnd *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCoroEnd;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCoroFree *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCoroFree;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCoroResume *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCoroResume;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCoroSave *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCoroSave;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCoroPromise *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCoroPromise;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionCoroAllocHelper *) {
    return IrInstructionIdCoroAllocHelper;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionAtomicRmw *) {
    return IrInstructionIdAtomicRmw;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionPromiseResultType *) {
    return IrInstructionIdPromiseResultType;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionAwaitBookkeeping *) {
    return IrInstructionIdAwaitBookkeeping;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionSaveErrRetAddr *) {
    return IrInstructionIdSaveErrRetAddr;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionAddImplicitReturnType *) {
    return IrInstructionIdAddImplicitReturnType;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionMergeErrRetTraces *) {
    return IrInstructionIdMergeErrRetTraces;
}

static constexpr IrInstructionId ir_instruction_id(IrInstructionMarkErrRetTracePtr *) {
    return IrInstructionIdMarkErrRetTracePtr;
}

template<typename T>
static T *ir_create_instruction(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node) {
    T *special_instruction = allocate<T>(1);
    special_instruction->base.id = ir_instruction_id(special_instruction);
    special_instruction->base.scope = scope;
    special_instruction->base.source_node = source_node;
    special_instruction->base.debug_id = exec_next_debug_id(irb->exec);
    special_instruction->base.owner_bb = irb->current_basic_block;
    special_instruction->base.value.global_refs = allocate<ConstGlobalRefs>(1);
    return special_instruction;
}

template<typename T>
static T *ir_build_instruction(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node) {
    T *special_instruction = ir_create_instruction<T>(irb, scope, source_node);
    ir_instruction_append(irb->current_basic_block, &special_instruction->base);
    return special_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_cast(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, TypeTableEntry *dest_type,
    IrInstruction *value, CastOp cast_op)
{
    IrInstructionCast *cast_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCast>(irb, scope, source_node);
    cast_instruction->dest_type = dest_type;
    cast_instruction->value = value;
    cast_instruction->cast_op = cast_op;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &cast_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_cond_br(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *condition,
        IrBasicBlock *then_block, IrBasicBlock *else_block, IrInstruction *is_comptime)
{
    IrInstructionCondBr *cond_br_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCondBr>(irb, scope, source_node);
    cond_br_instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable;
    cond_br_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    cond_br_instruction->condition = condition;
    cond_br_instruction->then_block = then_block;
    cond_br_instruction->else_block = else_block;
    cond_br_instruction->is_comptime = is_comptime;

    ir_ref_instruction(condition, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_bb(then_block);
    ir_ref_bb(else_block);
    if (is_comptime) ir_ref_instruction(is_comptime, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &cond_br_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_cond_br_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
        IrInstruction *condition, IrBasicBlock *then_block, IrBasicBlock *else_block, IrInstruction *is_comptime)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_cond_br(irb, old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node,
            condition, then_block, else_block, is_comptime);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_return(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *return_value) {
    IrInstructionReturn *return_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionReturn>(irb, scope, source_node);
    return_instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable;
    return_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    return_instruction->value = return_value;

    ir_ref_instruction(return_value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &return_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_create_const(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
    TypeTableEntry *type_entry)
{
    assert(type_entry);
    IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_create_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(irb, scope, source_node);
    const_instruction->base.value.type = type_entry;
    const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    return &const_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_const_void(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node) {
    IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(irb, scope, source_node);
    const_instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    return &const_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_const_undefined(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node) {
    IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(irb, scope, source_node);
    const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialUndef;
    const_instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_undef;
    return &const_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_const_uint(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, uint64_t value) {
    IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(irb, scope, source_node);
    const_instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_num_lit_int;
    const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    bigint_init_unsigned(&const_instruction->base.value.data.x_bigint, value);
    return &const_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_const_bigint(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, BigInt *bigint) {
    IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(irb, scope, source_node);
    const_instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_num_lit_int;
    const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    bigint_init_bigint(&const_instruction->base.value.data.x_bigint, bigint);
    return &const_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_const_bigfloat(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, BigFloat *bigfloat) {
    IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(irb, scope, source_node);
    const_instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_num_lit_float;
    const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    bigfloat_init_bigfloat(&const_instruction->base.value.data.x_bigfloat, bigfloat);
    return &const_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_const_null(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node) {
    IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(irb, scope, source_node);
    const_instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_null;
    const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    return &const_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_const_usize(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, uint64_t value) {
    IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(irb, scope, source_node);
    const_instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize;
    const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    bigint_init_unsigned(&const_instruction->base.value.data.x_bigint, value);
    return &const_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_const_u8(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, uint8_t value) {
    IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(irb, scope, source_node);
    const_instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_u8;
    const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    bigint_init_unsigned(&const_instruction->base.value.data.x_bigint, value);
    return &const_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_create_const_type(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        TypeTableEntry *type_entry)
{
    IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_create_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(irb, scope, source_node);
    const_instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
    const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    const_instruction->base.value.data.x_type = type_entry;
    return &const_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_const_type(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        TypeTableEntry *type_entry)
{
    IrInstruction *instruction = ir_create_const_type(irb, scope, source_node, type_entry);
    ir_instruction_append(irb->current_basic_block, instruction);
    return instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_create_const_fn(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, FnTableEntry *fn_entry) {
    IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_create_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(irb, scope, source_node);
    const_instruction->base.value.type = fn_entry->type_entry;
    const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    const_instruction->base.value.data.x_ptr.data.fn.fn_entry = fn_entry;
    const_instruction->base.value.data.x_ptr.mut = ConstPtrMutComptimeConst;
    const_instruction->base.value.data.x_ptr.special = ConstPtrSpecialFunction;
    return &const_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_const_fn(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, FnTableEntry *fn_entry) {
    IrInstruction *instruction = ir_create_const_fn(irb, scope, source_node, fn_entry);
    ir_instruction_append(irb->current_basic_block, instruction);
    return instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_const_import(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, ImportTableEntry *import) {
    IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(irb, scope, source_node);
    const_instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_namespace;
    const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    const_instruction->base.value.data.x_import = import;
    return &const_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_const_scope(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *parent_scope, AstNode *source_node,
        Scope *target_scope)
{
    IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(irb, parent_scope, source_node);
    const_instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_block;
    const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    const_instruction->base.value.data.x_block = target_scope;
    return &const_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_const_bool(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, bool value) {
    IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(irb, scope, source_node);
    const_instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
    const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    const_instruction->base.value.data.x_bool = value;
    return &const_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_const_bound_fn(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
    FnTableEntry *fn_entry, IrInstruction *first_arg)
{
    IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(irb, scope, source_node);
    const_instruction->base.value.type = get_bound_fn_type(irb->codegen, fn_entry);
    const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    const_instruction->base.value.data.x_bound_fn.fn = fn_entry;
    const_instruction->base.value.data.x_bound_fn.first_arg = first_arg;
    return &const_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_create_const_str_lit(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, Buf *str) {
    IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_create_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(irb, scope, source_node);
    init_const_str_lit(irb->codegen, &const_instruction->base.value, str);

    return &const_instruction->base;
}
static IrInstruction *ir_build_const_str_lit(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, Buf *str) {
    IrInstruction *instruction = ir_create_const_str_lit(irb, scope, source_node, str);
    ir_instruction_append(irb->current_basic_block, instruction);
    return instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_const_c_str_lit(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, Buf *str) {
    IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(irb, scope, source_node);
    init_const_c_str_lit(irb->codegen, &const_instruction->base.value, str);
    return &const_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_bin_op(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrBinOp op_id,
        IrInstruction *op1, IrInstruction *op2, bool safety_check_on)
{
    IrInstructionBinOp *bin_op_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionBinOp>(irb, scope, source_node);
    bin_op_instruction->op_id = op_id;
    bin_op_instruction->op1 = op1;
    bin_op_instruction->op2 = op2;
    bin_op_instruction->safety_check_on = safety_check_on;

    ir_ref_instruction(op1, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(op2, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &bin_op_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_bin_op_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction, IrBinOp op_id,
        IrInstruction *op1, IrInstruction *op2, bool safety_check_on)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_bin_op(irb, old_instruction->scope,
            old_instruction->source_node, op_id, op1, op2, safety_check_on);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_var_ptr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        VariableTableEntry *var, bool is_const, bool is_volatile)
{
    IrInstructionVarPtr *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionVarPtr>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->var = var;
    instruction->is_const = is_const;
    instruction->is_volatile = is_volatile;

    ir_ref_var(var);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_elem_ptr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *array_ptr,
        IrInstruction *elem_index, bool safety_check_on)
{
    IrInstructionElemPtr *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionElemPtr>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->array_ptr = array_ptr;
    instruction->elem_index = elem_index;
    instruction->safety_check_on = safety_check_on;

    ir_ref_instruction(array_ptr, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(elem_index, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_elem_ptr_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
        IrInstruction *array_ptr, IrInstruction *elem_index, bool safety_check_on)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_elem_ptr(irb, old_instruction->scope,
            old_instruction->source_node, array_ptr, elem_index, safety_check_on);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_field_ptr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
    IrInstruction *container_ptr, Buf *field_name)
{
    IrInstructionFieldPtr *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionFieldPtr>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->container_ptr = container_ptr;
    instruction->field_name = field_name;

    ir_ref_instruction(container_ptr, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_struct_field_ptr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
    IrInstruction *struct_ptr, TypeStructField *field)
{
    IrInstructionStructFieldPtr *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionStructFieldPtr>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->struct_ptr = struct_ptr;
    instruction->field = field;

    ir_ref_instruction(struct_ptr, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_union_field_ptr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
    IrInstruction *union_ptr, TypeUnionField *field)
{
    IrInstructionUnionFieldPtr *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionUnionFieldPtr>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->union_ptr = union_ptr;
    instruction->field = field;

    ir_ref_instruction(union_ptr, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_union_field_ptr_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
    IrInstruction *union_ptr, TypeUnionField *type_union_field)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_union_field_ptr(irb, old_instruction->scope,
            old_instruction->source_node, union_ptr, type_union_field);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_call(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        FnTableEntry *fn_entry, IrInstruction *fn_ref, size_t arg_count, IrInstruction **args,
        bool is_comptime, FnInline fn_inline, bool is_async, IrInstruction *async_allocator)
{
    IrInstructionCall *call_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCall>(irb, scope, source_node);
    call_instruction->fn_entry = fn_entry;
    call_instruction->fn_ref = fn_ref;
    call_instruction->is_comptime = is_comptime;
    call_instruction->fn_inline = fn_inline;
    call_instruction->args = args;
    call_instruction->arg_count = arg_count;
    call_instruction->is_async = is_async;
    call_instruction->async_allocator = async_allocator;

    if (fn_ref)
        ir_ref_instruction(fn_ref, irb->current_basic_block);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < arg_count; i += 1)
        ir_ref_instruction(args[i], irb->current_basic_block);
    if (async_allocator)
        ir_ref_instruction(async_allocator, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &call_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_call_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
        FnTableEntry *fn_entry, IrInstruction *fn_ref, size_t arg_count, IrInstruction **args,
        bool is_comptime, FnInline fn_inline, bool is_async, IrInstruction *async_allocator)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_call(irb, old_instruction->scope,
            old_instruction->source_node, fn_entry, fn_ref, arg_count, args, is_comptime, fn_inline, is_async, async_allocator);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_phi(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        size_t incoming_count, IrBasicBlock **incoming_blocks, IrInstruction **incoming_values)
{
    assert(incoming_count != 0);
    assert(incoming_count != SIZE_MAX);

    IrInstructionPhi *phi_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionPhi>(irb, scope, source_node);
    phi_instruction->incoming_count = incoming_count;
    phi_instruction->incoming_blocks = incoming_blocks;
    phi_instruction->incoming_values = incoming_values;

    for (size_t i = 0; i < incoming_count; i += 1) {
        ir_ref_bb(incoming_blocks[i]);
        ir_ref_instruction(incoming_values[i], irb->current_basic_block);
    }

    return &phi_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_phi_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
        size_t incoming_count, IrBasicBlock **incoming_blocks, IrInstruction **incoming_values)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_phi(irb, old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node,
            incoming_count, incoming_blocks, incoming_values);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_create_br(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrBasicBlock *dest_block, IrInstruction *is_comptime)
{
    IrInstructionBr *br_instruction = ir_create_instruction<IrInstructionBr>(irb, scope, source_node);
    br_instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable;
    br_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    br_instruction->dest_block = dest_block;
    br_instruction->is_comptime = is_comptime;

    ir_ref_bb(dest_block);
    if (is_comptime) ir_ref_instruction(is_comptime, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &br_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_br(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrBasicBlock *dest_block, IrInstruction *is_comptime)
{
    IrInstruction *instruction = ir_create_br(irb, scope, source_node, dest_block, is_comptime);
    ir_instruction_append(irb->current_basic_block, instruction);
    return instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_br_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction, IrBasicBlock *dest_block) {
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_br(irb, old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node, dest_block, nullptr);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_ptr_type_of(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *child_type, bool is_const, bool is_volatile, IrInstruction *align_value,
        uint32_t bit_offset_start, uint32_t bit_offset_end)
{
    IrInstructionPtrTypeOf *ptr_type_of_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionPtrTypeOf>(irb, scope, source_node);
    ptr_type_of_instruction->align_value = align_value;
    ptr_type_of_instruction->child_type = child_type;
    ptr_type_of_instruction->is_const = is_const;
    ptr_type_of_instruction->is_volatile = is_volatile;
    ptr_type_of_instruction->bit_offset_start = bit_offset_start;
    ptr_type_of_instruction->bit_offset_end = bit_offset_end;

    if (align_value) ir_ref_instruction(align_value, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(child_type, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &ptr_type_of_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_un_op(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrUnOp op_id, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstructionUnOp *br_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionUnOp>(irb, scope, source_node);
    br_instruction->op_id = op_id;
    br_instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &br_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_un_op_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
        IrUnOp op_id, IrInstruction *value)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_un_op(irb, old_instruction->scope,
            old_instruction->source_node, op_id, value);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_container_init_list(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *container_type, size_t item_count, IrInstruction **items)
{
    IrInstructionContainerInitList *container_init_list_instruction =
        ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionContainerInitList>(irb, scope, source_node);
    container_init_list_instruction->container_type = container_type;
    container_init_list_instruction->item_count = item_count;
    container_init_list_instruction->items = items;

    ir_ref_instruction(container_type, irb->current_basic_block);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < item_count; i += 1) {
        ir_ref_instruction(items[i], irb->current_basic_block);
    }

    return &container_init_list_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_container_init_list_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
        IrInstruction *container_type, size_t item_count, IrInstruction **items)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_container_init_list(irb, old_instruction->scope,
            old_instruction->source_node, container_type, item_count, items);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_container_init_fields(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *container_type, size_t field_count, IrInstructionContainerInitFieldsField *fields)
{
    IrInstructionContainerInitFields *container_init_fields_instruction =
        ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionContainerInitFields>(irb, scope, source_node);
    container_init_fields_instruction->container_type = container_type;
    container_init_fields_instruction->field_count = field_count;
    container_init_fields_instruction->fields = fields;

    ir_ref_instruction(container_type, irb->current_basic_block);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < field_count; i += 1) {
        ir_ref_instruction(fields[i].value, irb->current_basic_block);
    }

    return &container_init_fields_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_struct_init(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        TypeTableEntry *struct_type, size_t field_count, IrInstructionStructInitField *fields)
{
    IrInstructionStructInit *struct_init_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionStructInit>(irb, scope, source_node);
    struct_init_instruction->struct_type = struct_type;
    struct_init_instruction->field_count = field_count;
    struct_init_instruction->fields = fields;

    for (size_t i = 0; i < field_count; i += 1)
        ir_ref_instruction(fields[i].value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &struct_init_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_struct_init_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
        TypeTableEntry *struct_type, size_t field_count, IrInstructionStructInitField *fields)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_struct_init(irb, old_instruction->scope,
            old_instruction->source_node, struct_type, field_count, fields);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_union_init(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        TypeTableEntry *union_type, TypeUnionField *field, IrInstruction *init_value)
{
    IrInstructionUnionInit *union_init_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionUnionInit>(irb, scope, source_node);
    union_init_instruction->union_type = union_type;
    union_init_instruction->field = field;
    union_init_instruction->init_value = init_value;

    ir_ref_instruction(init_value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &union_init_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_union_init_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
        TypeTableEntry *union_type, TypeUnionField *field, IrInstruction *init_value)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_union_init(irb, old_instruction->scope,
            old_instruction->source_node, union_type, field, init_value);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_unreachable(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node) {
    IrInstructionUnreachable *unreachable_instruction =
        ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionUnreachable>(irb, scope, source_node);
    unreachable_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    unreachable_instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable;
    return &unreachable_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_unreachable_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_unreachable(irb, old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_store_ptr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *ptr, IrInstruction *value)
{
    IrInstructionStorePtr *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionStorePtr>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    instruction->ptr = ptr;
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(ptr, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_store_ptr_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
        IrInstruction *ptr, IrInstruction *value)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_store_ptr(irb, old_instruction->scope,
            old_instruction->source_node, ptr, value);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_var_decl(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        VariableTableEntry *var, IrInstruction *var_type, IrInstruction *align_value, IrInstruction *init_value)
{
    IrInstructionDeclVar *decl_var_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionDeclVar>(irb, scope, source_node);
    decl_var_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    decl_var_instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    decl_var_instruction->var = var;
    decl_var_instruction->var_type = var_type;
    decl_var_instruction->align_value = align_value;
    decl_var_instruction->init_value = init_value;

    if (var_type) ir_ref_instruction(var_type, irb->current_basic_block);
    if (align_value) ir_ref_instruction(align_value, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(init_value, irb->current_basic_block);

    var->decl_instruction = &decl_var_instruction->base;

    return &decl_var_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_var_decl_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
        VariableTableEntry *var, IrInstruction *var_type, IrInstruction *align_value, IrInstruction *init_value)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_var_decl(irb, old_instruction->scope,
            old_instruction->source_node, var, var_type, align_value, init_value);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_export(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *name, IrInstruction *target, IrInstruction *linkage)
{
    IrInstructionExport *export_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionExport>(
            irb, scope, source_node);
    export_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    export_instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    export_instruction->name = name;
    export_instruction->target = target;
    export_instruction->linkage = linkage;

    ir_ref_instruction(name, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(target, irb->current_basic_block);
    if (linkage) ir_ref_instruction(linkage, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &export_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_load_ptr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *ptr) {
    IrInstructionLoadPtr *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionLoadPtr>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->ptr = ptr;

    ir_ref_instruction(ptr, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_load_ptr_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction, IrInstruction *ptr) {
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, old_instruction->scope,
            old_instruction->source_node, ptr);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_typeof(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstructionTypeOf *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionTypeOf>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_to_ptr_type(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstructionToPtrType *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionToPtrType>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_ptr_type_child(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
    IrInstruction *value)
{
    IrInstructionPtrTypeChild *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionPtrTypeChild>(
        irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_set_cold(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *is_cold) {
    IrInstructionSetCold *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionSetCold>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->is_cold = is_cold;

    ir_ref_instruction(is_cold, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_set_runtime_safety(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *safety_on)
{
    IrInstructionSetRuntimeSafety *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionSetRuntimeSafety>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->safety_on = safety_on;

    ir_ref_instruction(safety_on, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_set_float_mode(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *scope_value, IrInstruction *mode_value)
{
    IrInstructionSetFloatMode *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionSetFloatMode>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->scope_value = scope_value;
    instruction->mode_value = mode_value;

    ir_ref_instruction(scope_value, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(mode_value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_array_type(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *size,
        IrInstruction *child_type)
{
    IrInstructionArrayType *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionArrayType>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->size = size;
    instruction->child_type = child_type;

    ir_ref_instruction(size, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(child_type, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_promise_type(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *payload_type)
{
    IrInstructionPromiseType *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionPromiseType>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->payload_type = payload_type;

    if (payload_type != nullptr) ir_ref_instruction(payload_type, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_slice_type(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *child_type, bool is_const, bool is_volatile, IrInstruction *align_value)
{
    IrInstructionSliceType *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionSliceType>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->is_const = is_const;
    instruction->is_volatile = is_volatile;
    instruction->child_type = child_type;
    instruction->align_value = align_value;

    ir_ref_instruction(child_type, irb->current_basic_block);
    if (align_value) ir_ref_instruction(align_value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_asm(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction **input_list,
        IrInstruction **output_types, VariableTableEntry **output_vars, size_t return_count, bool has_side_effects)
{
    IrInstructionAsm *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionAsm>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->input_list = input_list;
    instruction->output_types = output_types;
    instruction->output_vars = output_vars;
    instruction->return_count = return_count;
    instruction->has_side_effects = has_side_effects;

    assert(source_node->type == NodeTypeAsmExpr);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < source_node->data.asm_expr.output_list.length; i += 1) {
        IrInstruction *output_type = output_types[i];
        if (output_type) ir_ref_instruction(output_type, irb->current_basic_block);
    }

    for (size_t i = 0; i < source_node->data.asm_expr.input_list.length; i += 1) {
        IrInstruction *input_value = input_list[i];
        ir_ref_instruction(input_value, irb->current_basic_block);
    }

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_asm_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction, IrInstruction **input_list,
        IrInstruction **output_types, VariableTableEntry **output_vars, size_t return_count, bool has_side_effects)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_asm(irb, old_instruction->scope,
            old_instruction->source_node, input_list, output_types, output_vars, return_count, has_side_effects);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_size_of(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *type_value) {
    IrInstructionSizeOf *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionSizeOf>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->type_value = type_value;

    ir_ref_instruction(type_value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_test_nonnull(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstructionTestNonNull *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionTestNonNull>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_test_nonnull_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
        IrInstruction *value)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_test_nonnull(irb, old_instruction->scope,
            old_instruction->source_node, value);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_unwrap_maybe(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *value,
        bool safety_check_on)
{
    IrInstructionUnwrapMaybe *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionUnwrapMaybe>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;
    instruction->safety_check_on = safety_check_on;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_unwrap_maybe_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
        IrInstruction *value, bool safety_check_on)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_unwrap_maybe(irb, old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node,
            value, safety_check_on);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_maybe_wrap(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstructionMaybeWrap *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionMaybeWrap>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_err_wrap_payload(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstructionErrWrapPayload *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionErrWrapPayload>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_err_wrap_code(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstructionErrWrapCode *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionErrWrapCode>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_clz(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstructionClz *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionClz>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_clz_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_clz(irb, old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node, value);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_ctz(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstructionCtz *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCtz>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_ctz_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_ctz(irb, old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node, value);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_switch_br(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *target_value,
        IrBasicBlock *else_block, size_t case_count, IrInstructionSwitchBrCase *cases, IrInstruction *is_comptime)
{
    IrInstructionSwitchBr *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionSwitchBr>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable;
    instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    instruction->target_value = target_value;
    instruction->else_block = else_block;
    instruction->case_count = case_count;
    instruction->cases = cases;
    instruction->is_comptime = is_comptime;

    ir_ref_instruction(target_value, irb->current_basic_block);
    if (is_comptime) ir_ref_instruction(is_comptime, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_bb(else_block);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < case_count; i += 1) {
        ir_ref_instruction(cases[i].value, irb->current_basic_block);
        ir_ref_bb(cases[i].block);
    }

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_switch_br_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
        IrInstruction *target_value, IrBasicBlock *else_block, size_t case_count,
        IrInstructionSwitchBrCase *cases, IrInstruction *is_comptime)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_switch_br(irb, old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node,
            target_value, else_block, case_count, cases, is_comptime);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_switch_target(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *target_value_ptr)
{
    IrInstructionSwitchTarget *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionSwitchTarget>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->target_value_ptr = target_value_ptr;

    ir_ref_instruction(target_value_ptr, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_switch_var(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *target_value_ptr, IrInstruction *prong_value)
{
    IrInstructionSwitchVar *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionSwitchVar>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->target_value_ptr = target_value_ptr;
    instruction->prong_value = prong_value;

    ir_ref_instruction(target_value_ptr, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(prong_value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_union_tag(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstructionUnionTag *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionUnionTag>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_import(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *name) {
    IrInstructionImport *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionImport>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->name = name;

    ir_ref_instruction(name, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_array_len(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *array_value) {
    IrInstructionArrayLen *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionArrayLen>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->array_value = array_value;

    ir_ref_instruction(array_value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_ref(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *value,
        bool is_const, bool is_volatile)
{
    IrInstructionRef *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionRef>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;
    instruction->is_const = is_const;
    instruction->is_volatile = is_volatile;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_min_value(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstructionMinValue *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionMinValue>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_max_value(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstructionMaxValue *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionMaxValue>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_compile_err(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *msg) {
    IrInstructionCompileErr *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCompileErr>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->msg = msg;

    ir_ref_instruction(msg, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_compile_log(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        size_t msg_count, IrInstruction **msg_list)
{
    IrInstructionCompileLog *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCompileLog>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->msg_count = msg_count;
    instruction->msg_list = msg_list;

    for (size_t i = 0; i < msg_count; i += 1) {
        ir_ref_instruction(msg_list[i], irb->current_basic_block);
    }

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_err_name(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstructionErrName *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionErrName>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_err_name_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_err_name(irb, old_instruction->scope,
            old_instruction->source_node, value);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_c_import(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node) {
    IrInstructionCImport *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCImport>(irb, scope, source_node);
    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_c_include(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *name) {
    IrInstructionCInclude *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCInclude>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->name = name;

    ir_ref_instruction(name, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_c_define(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *name, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstructionCDefine *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCDefine>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->name = name;
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(name, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_c_undef(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *name) {
    IrInstructionCUndef *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCUndef>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->name = name;

    ir_ref_instruction(name, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_embed_file(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *name) {
    IrInstructionEmbedFile *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionEmbedFile>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->name = name;

    ir_ref_instruction(name, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_cmpxchg(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *ptr,
    IrInstruction *cmp_value, IrInstruction *new_value, IrInstruction *success_order_value, IrInstruction *failure_order_value,
    AtomicOrder success_order, AtomicOrder failure_order)
{
    IrInstructionCmpxchg *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCmpxchg>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->ptr = ptr;
    instruction->cmp_value = cmp_value;
    instruction->new_value = new_value;
    instruction->success_order_value = success_order_value;
    instruction->failure_order_value = failure_order_value;
    instruction->success_order = success_order;
    instruction->failure_order = failure_order;

    ir_ref_instruction(ptr, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(cmp_value, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(new_value, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(success_order_value, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(failure_order_value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_cmpxchg_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction, IrInstruction *ptr,
    IrInstruction *cmp_value, IrInstruction *new_value, IrInstruction *success_order_value, IrInstruction *failure_order_value,
    AtomicOrder success_order, AtomicOrder failure_order)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_cmpxchg(irb, old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node,
        ptr, cmp_value, new_value, success_order_value, failure_order_value, success_order, failure_order);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_fence(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *order_value, AtomicOrder order) {
    IrInstructionFence *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionFence>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->order_value = order_value;
    instruction->order = order;

    ir_ref_instruction(order_value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_fence_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction, IrInstruction *order_value, AtomicOrder order) {
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_fence(irb, old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node, order_value, order);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_truncate(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *dest_type, IrInstruction *target) {
    IrInstructionTruncate *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionTruncate>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->dest_type = dest_type;
    instruction->target = target;

    ir_ref_instruction(dest_type, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(target, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_truncate_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction, IrInstruction *dest_type, IrInstruction *target) {
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_truncate(irb, old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node, dest_type, target);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_int_type(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *is_signed, IrInstruction *bit_count) {
    IrInstructionIntType *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionIntType>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->is_signed = is_signed;
    instruction->bit_count = bit_count;

    ir_ref_instruction(is_signed, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(bit_count, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_bool_not(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstructionBoolNot *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionBoolNot>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_bool_not_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_bool_not(irb, old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node, value);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_memset(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
    IrInstruction *dest_ptr, IrInstruction *byte, IrInstruction *count)
{
    IrInstructionMemset *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionMemset>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->dest_ptr = dest_ptr;
    instruction->byte = byte;
    instruction->count = count;

    ir_ref_instruction(dest_ptr, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(byte, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(count, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_memset_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
    IrInstruction *dest_ptr, IrInstruction *byte, IrInstruction *count)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_memset(irb, old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node, dest_ptr, byte, count);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_memcpy(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
    IrInstruction *dest_ptr, IrInstruction *src_ptr, IrInstruction *count)
{
    IrInstructionMemcpy *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionMemcpy>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->dest_ptr = dest_ptr;
    instruction->src_ptr = src_ptr;
    instruction->count = count;

    ir_ref_instruction(dest_ptr, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(src_ptr, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(count, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_memcpy_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
    IrInstruction *dest_ptr, IrInstruction *src_ptr, IrInstruction *count)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_memcpy(irb, old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node, dest_ptr, src_ptr, count);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_slice(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
    IrInstruction *ptr, IrInstruction *start, IrInstruction *end, bool safety_check_on)
{
    IrInstructionSlice *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionSlice>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->ptr = ptr;
    instruction->start = start;
    instruction->end = end;
    instruction->safety_check_on = safety_check_on;

    ir_ref_instruction(ptr, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(start, irb->current_basic_block);
    if (end) ir_ref_instruction(end, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_slice_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
    IrInstruction *ptr, IrInstruction *start, IrInstruction *end, bool safety_check_on)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_slice(irb, old_instruction->scope,
            old_instruction->source_node, ptr, start, end, safety_check_on);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_member_count(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *container) {
    IrInstructionMemberCount *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionMemberCount>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->container = container;

    ir_ref_instruction(container, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_member_type(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *container_type, IrInstruction *member_index)
{
    IrInstructionMemberType *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionMemberType>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->container_type = container_type;
    instruction->member_index = member_index;

    ir_ref_instruction(container_type, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(member_index, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_member_name(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *container_type, IrInstruction *member_index)
{
    IrInstructionMemberName *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionMemberName>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->container_type = container_type;
    instruction->member_index = member_index;

    ir_ref_instruction(container_type, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(member_index, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_breakpoint(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node) {
    IrInstructionBreakpoint *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionBreakpoint>(irb, scope, source_node);
    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_breakpoint_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_breakpoint(irb, old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_return_address(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node) {
    IrInstructionReturnAddress *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionReturnAddress>(irb, scope, source_node);
    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_return_address_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_return_address(irb, old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_frame_address(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node) {
    IrInstructionFrameAddress *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionFrameAddress>(irb, scope, source_node);
    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_frame_address_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_frame_address(irb, old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_overflow_op(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrOverflowOp op, IrInstruction *type_value, IrInstruction *op1, IrInstruction *op2,
        IrInstruction *result_ptr, TypeTableEntry *result_ptr_type)
{
    IrInstructionOverflowOp *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionOverflowOp>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->op = op;
    instruction->type_value = type_value;
    instruction->op1 = op1;
    instruction->op2 = op2;
    instruction->result_ptr = result_ptr;
    instruction->result_ptr_type = result_ptr_type;

    ir_ref_instruction(type_value, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(op1, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(op2, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(result_ptr, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_overflow_op_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
        IrOverflowOp op, IrInstruction *type_value, IrInstruction *op1, IrInstruction *op2,
        IrInstruction *result_ptr, TypeTableEntry *result_ptr_type)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_overflow_op(irb, old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node,
            op, type_value, op1, op2, result_ptr, result_ptr_type);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_align_of(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *type_value) {
    IrInstructionAlignOf *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionAlignOf>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->type_value = type_value;

    ir_ref_instruction(type_value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_test_err(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
    IrInstruction *value)
{
    IrInstructionTestErr *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionTestErr>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_test_err_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_test_err(irb, old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node,
            value);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_unwrap_err_code(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
    IrInstruction *value)
{
    IrInstructionUnwrapErrCode *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionUnwrapErrCode>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_unwrap_err_code_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
    IrInstruction *value)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_unwrap_err_code(irb, old_instruction->scope,
        old_instruction->source_node, value);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_unwrap_err_payload(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
    IrInstruction *value, bool safety_check_on)
{
    IrInstructionUnwrapErrPayload *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionUnwrapErrPayload>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;
    instruction->safety_check_on = safety_check_on;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_unwrap_err_payload_from(IrBuilder *irb, IrInstruction *old_instruction,
    IrInstruction *value, bool safety_check_on)
{
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_unwrap_err_payload(irb, old_instruction->scope,
        old_instruction->source_node, value, safety_check_on);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_fn_proto(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
    IrInstruction **param_types, IrInstruction *align_value, IrInstruction *return_type, IrInstruction *async_allocator_type_value, bool is_var_args)
{
    IrInstructionFnProto *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionFnProto>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->param_types = param_types;
    instruction->align_value = align_value;
    instruction->async_allocator_type_value = async_allocator_type_value;
    instruction->return_type = return_type;
    instruction->async_allocator_type_value = async_allocator_type_value;
    instruction->is_var_args = is_var_args;

    assert(source_node->type == NodeTypeFnProto);
    size_t param_count = source_node->data.fn_proto.params.length;
    if (is_var_args) param_count -= 1;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < param_count; i += 1) {
        if (param_types[i] != nullptr) ir_ref_instruction(param_types[i], irb->current_basic_block);
    }
    if (align_value != nullptr) ir_ref_instruction(align_value, irb->current_basic_block);
    if (async_allocator_type_value != nullptr) ir_ref_instruction(async_allocator_type_value, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(return_type, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_test_comptime(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *value) {
    IrInstructionTestComptime *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionTestComptime>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_ptr_cast(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *dest_type, IrInstruction *ptr)
{
    IrInstructionPtrCast *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionPtrCast>(
            irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->dest_type = dest_type;
    instruction->ptr = ptr;

    if (dest_type) ir_ref_instruction(dest_type, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(ptr, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_bit_cast(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *dest_type, IrInstruction *value)
{
    IrInstructionBitCast *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionBitCast>(
            irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->dest_type = dest_type;
    instruction->value = value;

    if (dest_type) ir_ref_instruction(dest_type, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_widen_or_shorten(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *target)
{
    IrInstructionWidenOrShorten *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionWidenOrShorten>(
            irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->target = target;

    ir_ref_instruction(target, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_int_to_ptr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *dest_type, IrInstruction *target)
{
    IrInstructionIntToPtr *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionIntToPtr>(
            irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->dest_type = dest_type;
    instruction->target = target;

    if (dest_type) ir_ref_instruction(dest_type, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(target, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_ptr_to_int(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *target)
{
    IrInstructionPtrToInt *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionPtrToInt>(
            irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->target = target;

    ir_ref_instruction(target, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_int_to_enum(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *target)
{
    IrInstructionIntToEnum *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionIntToEnum>(
            irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->target = target;

    ir_ref_instruction(target, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_int_to_err(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *target)
{
    IrInstructionIntToErr *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionIntToErr>(
            irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->target = target;

    ir_ref_instruction(target, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_err_to_int(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *target)
{
    IrInstructionErrToInt *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionErrToInt>(
            irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->target = target;

    ir_ref_instruction(target, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_check_switch_prongs(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *target_value, IrInstructionCheckSwitchProngsRange *ranges, size_t range_count,
        bool have_else_prong)
{
    IrInstructionCheckSwitchProngs *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCheckSwitchProngs>(
            irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->target_value = target_value;
    instruction->ranges = ranges;
    instruction->range_count = range_count;
    instruction->have_else_prong = have_else_prong;

    ir_ref_instruction(target_value, irb->current_basic_block);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < range_count; i += 1) {
        ir_ref_instruction(ranges[i].start, irb->current_basic_block);
        ir_ref_instruction(ranges[i].end, irb->current_basic_block);
    }

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_check_statement_is_void(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
    IrInstruction* statement_value)
{
    IrInstructionCheckStatementIsVoid *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCheckStatementIsVoid>(
            irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->statement_value = statement_value;

    ir_ref_instruction(statement_value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_type_name(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *type_value)
{
    IrInstructionTypeName *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionTypeName>(
            irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->type_value = type_value;

    ir_ref_instruction(type_value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_can_implicit_cast(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *type_value, IrInstruction *target_value)
{
    IrInstructionCanImplicitCast *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCanImplicitCast>(
            irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->type_value = type_value;
    instruction->target_value = target_value;

    ir_ref_instruction(type_value, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(target_value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_decl_ref(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        Tld *tld, LVal lval)
{
    IrInstructionDeclRef *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionDeclRef>(
            irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->tld = tld;
    instruction->lval = lval;

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_panic(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *msg) {
    IrInstructionPanic *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionPanic>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable;
    instruction->msg = msg;

    ir_ref_instruction(msg, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_tag_name(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *target)
{
    IrInstructionTagName *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionTagName>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->target = target;

    ir_ref_instruction(target, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_tag_type(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *target)
{
    IrInstructionTagType *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionTagType>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->target = target;

    ir_ref_instruction(target, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_field_parent_ptr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *type_value, IrInstruction *field_name, IrInstruction *field_ptr, TypeStructField *field)
{
    IrInstructionFieldParentPtr *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionFieldParentPtr>(
            irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->type_value = type_value;
    instruction->field_name = field_name;
    instruction->field_ptr = field_ptr;
    instruction->field = field;

    ir_ref_instruction(type_value, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(field_name, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(field_ptr, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_offset_of(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *type_value, IrInstruction *field_name)
{
    IrInstructionOffsetOf *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionOffsetOf>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->type_value = type_value;
    instruction->field_name = field_name;

    ir_ref_instruction(type_value, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(field_name, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_type_id(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *type_value)
{
    IrInstructionTypeId *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionTypeId>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->type_value = type_value;

    ir_ref_instruction(type_value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_set_eval_branch_quota(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *new_quota)
{
    IrInstructionSetEvalBranchQuota *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionSetEvalBranchQuota>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->new_quota = new_quota;

    ir_ref_instruction(new_quota, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_align_cast(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *align_bytes, IrInstruction *target)
{
    IrInstructionAlignCast *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionAlignCast>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->align_bytes = align_bytes;
    instruction->target = target;

    if (align_bytes) ir_ref_instruction(align_bytes, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(target, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_opaque_type(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node) {
    IrInstructionOpaqueType *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionOpaqueType>(irb, scope, source_node);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_set_align_stack(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *align_bytes)
{
    IrInstructionSetAlignStack *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionSetAlignStack>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->align_bytes = align_bytes;

    ir_ref_instruction(align_bytes, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_arg_type(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *fn_type, IrInstruction *arg_index)
{
    IrInstructionArgType *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionArgType>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->fn_type = fn_type;
    instruction->arg_index = arg_index;

    ir_ref_instruction(fn_type, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(arg_index, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_error_return_trace(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstructionErrorReturnTrace::Nullable nullable) {
    IrInstructionErrorReturnTrace *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionErrorReturnTrace>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->nullable = nullable;

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_error_union(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *err_set, IrInstruction *payload)
{
    IrInstructionErrorUnion *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionErrorUnion>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->err_set = err_set;
    instruction->payload = payload;

    ir_ref_instruction(err_set, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(payload, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_cancel(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *target)
{
    IrInstructionCancel *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCancel>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->target = target;

    ir_ref_instruction(target, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_get_implicit_allocator(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        ImplicitAllocatorId id)
{
    IrInstructionGetImplicitAllocator *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionGetImplicitAllocator>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->id = id;

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_coro_id(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *promise_ptr) {
    IrInstructionCoroId *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCoroId>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->promise_ptr = promise_ptr;

    ir_ref_instruction(promise_ptr, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_coro_alloc(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *coro_id) {
    IrInstructionCoroAlloc *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCoroAlloc>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->coro_id = coro_id;

    ir_ref_instruction(coro_id, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_coro_size(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node) {
    IrInstructionCoroSize *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCoroSize>(irb, scope, source_node);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_coro_begin(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *coro_id, IrInstruction *coro_mem_ptr) {
    IrInstructionCoroBegin *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCoroBegin>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->coro_id = coro_id;
    instruction->coro_mem_ptr = coro_mem_ptr;

    ir_ref_instruction(coro_id, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(coro_mem_ptr, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_coro_alloc_fail(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *err_val) {
    IrInstructionCoroAllocFail *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCoroAllocFail>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->base.value.type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable;
    instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    instruction->err_val = err_val;

    ir_ref_instruction(err_val, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_coro_suspend(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *save_point, IrInstruction *is_final)
{
    IrInstructionCoroSuspend *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCoroSuspend>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->save_point = save_point;
    instruction->is_final = is_final;

    if (save_point != nullptr) ir_ref_instruction(save_point, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(is_final, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_coro_end(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node) {
    IrInstructionCoroEnd *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCoroEnd>(irb, scope, source_node);
    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_coro_free(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *coro_id, IrInstruction *coro_handle)
{
    IrInstructionCoroFree *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCoroFree>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->coro_id = coro_id;
    instruction->coro_handle = coro_handle;

    ir_ref_instruction(coro_id, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(coro_handle, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_coro_resume(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *awaiter_handle)
{
    IrInstructionCoroResume *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCoroResume>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->awaiter_handle = awaiter_handle;

    ir_ref_instruction(awaiter_handle, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_coro_save(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *coro_handle)
{
    IrInstructionCoroSave *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCoroSave>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->coro_handle = coro_handle;

    ir_ref_instruction(coro_handle, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_coro_promise(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *coro_handle)
{
    IrInstructionCoroPromise *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCoroPromise>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->coro_handle = coro_handle;

    ir_ref_instruction(coro_handle, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_coro_alloc_helper(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *alloc_fn, IrInstruction *coro_size)
{
    IrInstructionCoroAllocHelper *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionCoroAllocHelper>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->alloc_fn = alloc_fn;
    instruction->coro_size = coro_size;

    ir_ref_instruction(alloc_fn, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(coro_size, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_atomic_rmw(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *operand_type, IrInstruction *ptr, IrInstruction *op, IrInstruction *operand,
        IrInstruction *ordering, AtomicRmwOp resolved_op, AtomicOrder resolved_ordering)
{
    IrInstructionAtomicRmw *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionAtomicRmw>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->operand_type = operand_type;
    instruction->ptr = ptr;
    instruction->op = op;
    instruction->operand = operand;
    instruction->ordering = ordering;
    instruction->resolved_op = resolved_op;
    instruction->resolved_ordering = resolved_ordering;

    if (operand_type != nullptr) ir_ref_instruction(operand_type, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(ptr, irb->current_basic_block);
    if (op != nullptr) ir_ref_instruction(op, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(operand, irb->current_basic_block);
    if (ordering != nullptr) ir_ref_instruction(ordering, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_promise_result_type(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *promise_type)
{
    IrInstructionPromiseResultType *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionPromiseResultType>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->promise_type = promise_type;

    ir_ref_instruction(promise_type, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_await_bookkeeping(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *promise_result_type)
{
    IrInstructionAwaitBookkeeping *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionAwaitBookkeeping>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->promise_result_type = promise_result_type;

    ir_ref_instruction(promise_result_type, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_save_err_ret_addr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node) {
    IrInstructionSaveErrRetAddr *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionSaveErrRetAddr>(irb, scope, source_node);
    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_add_implicit_return_type(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *value)
{
    IrInstructionAddImplicitReturnType *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionAddImplicitReturnType>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->value = value;

    ir_ref_instruction(value, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_merge_err_ret_traces(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node,
        IrInstruction *coro_promise_ptr, IrInstruction *src_err_ret_trace_ptr, IrInstruction *dest_err_ret_trace_ptr)
{
    IrInstructionMergeErrRetTraces *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionMergeErrRetTraces>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->coro_promise_ptr = coro_promise_ptr;
    instruction->src_err_ret_trace_ptr = src_err_ret_trace_ptr;
    instruction->dest_err_ret_trace_ptr = dest_err_ret_trace_ptr;

    ir_ref_instruction(coro_promise_ptr, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(src_err_ret_trace_ptr, irb->current_basic_block);
    ir_ref_instruction(dest_err_ret_trace_ptr, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_build_mark_err_ret_trace_ptr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction *err_ret_trace_ptr) {
    IrInstructionMarkErrRetTracePtr *instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionMarkErrRetTracePtr>(irb, scope, source_node);
    instruction->err_ret_trace_ptr = err_ret_trace_ptr;

    ir_ref_instruction(err_ret_trace_ptr, irb->current_basic_block);

    return &instruction->base;
}

static void ir_count_defers(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *inner_scope, Scope *outer_scope, size_t *results) {
    results[ReturnKindUnconditional] = 0;
    results[ReturnKindError] = 0;

    while (inner_scope != outer_scope) {
        assert(inner_scope);
        if (inner_scope->id == ScopeIdDefer) {
            AstNode *defer_node = inner_scope->source_node;
            assert(defer_node->type == NodeTypeDefer);
            ReturnKind defer_kind = defer_node->data.defer.kind;
            results[defer_kind] += 1;

        }
        inner_scope = inner_scope->parent;
    }
}

static IrInstruction *ir_mark_gen(IrInstruction *instruction) {
    instruction->is_gen = true;
    return instruction;
}

static bool ir_gen_defers_for_block(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *inner_scope, Scope *outer_scope, bool gen_error_defers) {
    Scope *scope = inner_scope;
    while (scope != outer_scope) {
        if (!scope)
            return false;

        if (scope->id == ScopeIdDefer) {
            AstNode *defer_node = scope->source_node;
            assert(defer_node->type == NodeTypeDefer);
            ReturnKind defer_kind = defer_node->data.defer.kind;
            if (defer_kind == ReturnKindUnconditional ||
                (gen_error_defers && defer_kind == ReturnKindError))
            {
                AstNode *defer_expr_node = defer_node->data.defer.expr;
                Scope *defer_expr_scope = defer_node->data.defer.expr_scope;
                IrInstruction *defer_expr_value = ir_gen_node(irb, defer_expr_node, defer_expr_scope);
                if (defer_expr_value != irb->codegen->invalid_instruction) {
                    ir_mark_gen(ir_build_check_statement_is_void(irb, defer_expr_scope, defer_expr_node, defer_expr_value));
                }
            }

        }
        scope = scope->parent;
    }
    return true;
}

static void ir_set_cursor_at_end(IrBuilder *irb, IrBasicBlock *basic_block) {
    assert(basic_block);

    irb->current_basic_block = basic_block;
}

static void ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(IrBuilder *irb, IrBasicBlock *basic_block) {
    irb->exec->basic_block_list.append(basic_block);
    ir_set_cursor_at_end(irb, basic_block);
}

static ScopeDeferExpr *get_scope_defer_expr(Scope *scope) {
    while (scope) {
        if (scope->id == ScopeIdDeferExpr)
            return (ScopeDeferExpr *)scope;
        if (scope->id == ScopeIdFnDef)
            return nullptr;

        scope = scope->parent;
    }
    return nullptr;
}

static bool exec_is_async(IrExecutable *exec) {
    FnTableEntry *fn_entry = exec_fn_entry(exec);
    return fn_entry != nullptr && fn_entry->type_entry->data.fn.fn_type_id.cc == CallingConventionAsync;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_async_return(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node, IrInstruction *return_value,
    bool is_generated_code)
{
    ir_mark_gen(ir_build_add_implicit_return_type(irb, scope, node, return_value));

    bool is_async = exec_is_async(irb->exec);
    if (!is_async) {
        IrInstruction *return_inst = ir_build_return(irb, scope, node, return_value);
        return_inst->is_gen = is_generated_code;
        return return_inst;
    }

    ir_build_store_ptr(irb, scope, node, irb->exec->coro_result_field_ptr, return_value);
    IrInstruction *promise_type_val = ir_build_const_type(irb, scope, node,
            get_maybe_type(irb->codegen, irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_promise));
    // TODO replace replacement_value with @intToPtr(?promise, 0x1) when it doesn't crash zig
    IrInstruction *replacement_value = irb->exec->coro_handle;
    IrInstruction *maybe_await_handle = ir_build_atomic_rmw(irb, scope, node,
            promise_type_val, irb->exec->coro_awaiter_field_ptr, nullptr, replacement_value, nullptr,
            AtomicRmwOp_xchg, AtomicOrderSeqCst);
    ir_build_store_ptr(irb, scope, node, irb->exec->await_handle_var_ptr, maybe_await_handle);
    IrInstruction *is_non_null = ir_build_test_nonnull(irb, scope, node, maybe_await_handle);
    IrInstruction *is_comptime = ir_build_const_bool(irb, scope, node, false);
    return ir_build_cond_br(irb, scope, node, is_non_null, irb->exec->coro_normal_final, irb->exec->coro_early_final,
            is_comptime);
    // the above blocks are rendered by ir_gen after the rest of codegen
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_return(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node, LVal lval) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeReturnExpr);

    FnTableEntry *fn_entry = exec_fn_entry(irb->exec);
    if (!fn_entry) {
        add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("return expression outside function definition"));
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    ScopeDeferExpr *scope_defer_expr = get_scope_defer_expr(scope);
    if (scope_defer_expr) {
        if (!scope_defer_expr->reported_err) {
            add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("cannot return from defer expression"));
            scope_defer_expr->reported_err = true;
        }
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    Scope *outer_scope = irb->exec->begin_scope;

    AstNode *expr_node = node->data.return_expr.expr;
    switch (node->data.return_expr.kind) {
        case ReturnKindUnconditional:
            {
                IrInstruction *return_value;
                if (expr_node) {
                    return_value = ir_gen_node(irb, expr_node, scope);
                    if (return_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
                } else {
                    return_value = ir_build_const_void(irb, scope, node);
                }

                size_t defer_counts[2];
                ir_count_defers(irb, scope, outer_scope, defer_counts);
                bool have_err_defers = defer_counts[ReturnKindError] > 0;
                if (have_err_defers || irb->codegen->have_err_ret_tracing) {
                    IrBasicBlock *err_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "ErrRetErr");
                    IrBasicBlock *ok_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "ErrRetOk");
                    if (!have_err_defers) {
                        ir_gen_defers_for_block(irb, scope, outer_scope, false);
                    }

                    IrInstruction *is_err = ir_build_test_err(irb, scope, node, return_value);

                    bool should_inline = ir_should_inline(irb->exec, scope);
                    IrInstruction *is_comptime;
                    if (should_inline) {
                        is_comptime = ir_build_const_bool(irb, scope, node, true);
                    } else {
                        is_comptime = ir_build_test_comptime(irb, scope, node, is_err);
                    }

                    ir_mark_gen(ir_build_cond_br(irb, scope, node, is_err, err_block, ok_block, is_comptime));
                    IrBasicBlock *ret_stmt_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "RetStmt");

                    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, err_block);
                    if (have_err_defers) {
                        ir_gen_defers_for_block(irb, scope, outer_scope, true);
                    }
                    if (irb->codegen->have_err_ret_tracing && !should_inline) {
                        ir_build_save_err_ret_addr(irb, scope, node);
                    }
                    ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, ret_stmt_block, is_comptime);

                    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, ok_block);
                    if (have_err_defers) {
                        ir_gen_defers_for_block(irb, scope, outer_scope, false);
                    }
                    ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, ret_stmt_block, is_comptime);

                    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, ret_stmt_block);
                    return ir_gen_async_return(irb, scope, node, return_value, false);
                } else {
                    // generate unconditional defers
                    ir_gen_defers_for_block(irb, scope, outer_scope, false);
                    return ir_gen_async_return(irb, scope, node, return_value, false);
                }
            }
        case ReturnKindError:
            {
                assert(expr_node);
                IrInstruction *err_union_ptr = ir_gen_node_extra(irb, expr_node, scope, LVAL_PTR);
                if (err_union_ptr == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
                IrInstruction *err_union_val = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, node, err_union_ptr);
                IrInstruction *is_err_val = ir_build_test_err(irb, scope, node, err_union_val);

                IrBasicBlock *return_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "ErrRetReturn");
                IrBasicBlock *continue_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "ErrRetContinue");
                IrInstruction *is_comptime;
                bool should_inline = ir_should_inline(irb->exec, scope);
                if (should_inline) {
                    is_comptime = ir_build_const_bool(irb, scope, node, true);
                } else {
                    is_comptime = ir_build_test_comptime(irb, scope, node, is_err_val);
                }
                ir_mark_gen(ir_build_cond_br(irb, scope, node, is_err_val, return_block, continue_block, is_comptime));

                ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, return_block);
                ir_gen_defers_for_block(irb, scope, outer_scope, true);
                IrInstruction *err_val = ir_build_unwrap_err_code(irb, scope, node, err_union_ptr);
                if (irb->codegen->have_err_ret_tracing && !should_inline) {
                    ir_build_save_err_ret_addr(irb, scope, node);
                }
                ir_gen_async_return(irb, scope, node, err_val, false);

                ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, continue_block);
                IrInstruction *unwrapped_ptr = ir_build_unwrap_err_payload(irb, scope, node, err_union_ptr, false);
                if (lval.is_ptr)
                    return unwrapped_ptr;
                else
                    return ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, node, unwrapped_ptr);
            }
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static VariableTableEntry *create_local_var(CodeGen *codegen, AstNode *node, Scope *parent_scope,
        Buf *name, bool src_is_const, bool gen_is_const, bool is_shadowable, IrInstruction *is_comptime)
{
    VariableTableEntry *variable_entry = allocate<VariableTableEntry>(1);
    variable_entry->parent_scope = parent_scope;
    variable_entry->shadowable = is_shadowable;
    variable_entry->mem_slot_index = SIZE_MAX;
    variable_entry->is_comptime = is_comptime;
    variable_entry->src_arg_index = SIZE_MAX;
    variable_entry->value = create_const_vals(1);

    if (name) {
        buf_init_from_buf(&variable_entry->name, name);

        VariableTableEntry *existing_var = find_variable(codegen, parent_scope, name);
        if (existing_var && !existing_var->shadowable) {
            ErrorMsg *msg = add_node_error(codegen, node,
                    buf_sprintf("redeclaration of variable '%s'", buf_ptr(name)));
            add_error_note(codegen, msg, existing_var->decl_node, buf_sprintf("previous declaration is here"));
            variable_entry->value->type = codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        } else {
            auto primitive_table_entry = codegen->primitive_type_table.maybe_get(name);
            if (primitive_table_entry) {
                TypeTableEntry *type = primitive_table_entry->value;
                add_node_error(codegen, node,
                        buf_sprintf("variable shadows type '%s'", buf_ptr(&type->name)));
                variable_entry->value->type = codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            } else {
                Tld *tld = find_decl(codegen, parent_scope, name);
                if (tld != nullptr) {
                    ErrorMsg *msg = add_node_error(codegen, node,
                            buf_sprintf("redefinition of '%s'", buf_ptr(name)));
                    add_error_note(codegen, msg, tld->source_node, buf_sprintf("previous definition is here"));
                    variable_entry->value->type = codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                }
            }
        }

    } else {
        assert(is_shadowable);
        // TODO make this name not actually be in scope. user should be able to make a variable called "_anon"
        // might already be solved, let's just make sure it has test coverage
        // maybe we put a prefix on this so the debug info doesn't clobber user debug info for same named variables
        buf_init_from_str(&variable_entry->name, "_anon");
    }

    variable_entry->src_is_const = src_is_const;
    variable_entry->gen_is_const = gen_is_const;
    variable_entry->decl_node = node;
    variable_entry->child_scope = create_var_scope(node, parent_scope, variable_entry);

    return variable_entry;
}

// Set name to nullptr to make the variable anonymous (not visible to programmer).
// After you call this function var->child_scope has the variable in scope
static VariableTableEntry *ir_create_var(IrBuilder *irb, AstNode *node, Scope *scope, Buf *name,
        bool src_is_const, bool gen_is_const, bool is_shadowable, IrInstruction *is_comptime)
{
    VariableTableEntry *var = create_local_var(irb->codegen, node, scope, name, src_is_const, gen_is_const, is_shadowable, is_comptime);
    if (is_comptime != nullptr || gen_is_const) {
        var->mem_slot_index = exec_next_mem_slot(irb->exec);
        var->owner_exec = irb->exec;
    }
    assert(var->child_scope);
    return var;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_block(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *parent_scope, AstNode *block_node) {
    assert(block_node->type == NodeTypeBlock);

    ZigList<IrInstruction *> incoming_values = {0};
    ZigList<IrBasicBlock *> incoming_blocks = {0};

    ScopeBlock *scope_block = create_block_scope(block_node, parent_scope);

    Scope *outer_block_scope = &scope_block->base;
    Scope *child_scope = outer_block_scope;

    FnTableEntry *fn_entry = scope_fn_entry(parent_scope);
    if (fn_entry && fn_entry->child_scope == parent_scope) {
        fn_entry->def_scope = scope_block;
    }

    if (block_node->data.block.statements.length == 0) {
        // {}
        return ir_build_const_void(irb, child_scope, block_node);
    }

    if (block_node->data.block.name != nullptr) {
        scope_block->incoming_blocks = &incoming_blocks;
        scope_block->incoming_values = &incoming_values;
        scope_block->end_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, parent_scope, "BlockEnd");
        scope_block->is_comptime = ir_build_const_bool(irb, parent_scope, block_node, ir_should_inline(irb->exec, parent_scope));
    }

    bool is_continuation_unreachable = false;
    IrInstruction *noreturn_return_value = nullptr;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < block_node->data.block.statements.length; i += 1) {
        AstNode *statement_node = block_node->data.block.statements.at(i);

        IrInstruction *statement_value = ir_gen_node(irb, statement_node, child_scope);
        is_continuation_unreachable = instr_is_unreachable(statement_value);
        if (is_continuation_unreachable) {
            // keep the last noreturn statement value around in case we need to return it
            noreturn_return_value = statement_value;
        }
        if (statement_node->type == NodeTypeDefer && statement_value != irb->codegen->invalid_instruction) {
            // defer starts a new scope
            child_scope = statement_node->data.defer.child_scope;
            assert(child_scope);
        } else if (statement_value->id == IrInstructionIdDeclVar) {
            // variable declarations start a new scope
            IrInstructionDeclVar *decl_var_instruction = (IrInstructionDeclVar *)statement_value;
            child_scope = decl_var_instruction->var->child_scope;
        } else if (statement_value != irb->codegen->invalid_instruction && !is_continuation_unreachable) {
            // this statement's value must be void
            ir_mark_gen(ir_build_check_statement_is_void(irb, child_scope, statement_node, statement_value));
        }
    }

    if (is_continuation_unreachable) {
        assert(noreturn_return_value != nullptr);
        if (block_node->data.block.name == nullptr || incoming_blocks.length == 0) {
            return noreturn_return_value;
        }
    } else {
        incoming_blocks.append(irb->current_basic_block);
        incoming_values.append(ir_mark_gen(ir_build_const_void(irb, parent_scope, block_node)));
    }

    if (block_node->data.block.name != nullptr) {
        ir_gen_defers_for_block(irb, child_scope, outer_block_scope, false);
        ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, parent_scope, block_node, scope_block->end_block, scope_block->is_comptime));
        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, scope_block->end_block);
        return ir_build_phi(irb, parent_scope, block_node, incoming_blocks.length, incoming_blocks.items, incoming_values.items);
    } else {
        ir_gen_defers_for_block(irb, child_scope, outer_block_scope, false);
        return ir_mark_gen(ir_mark_gen(ir_build_const_void(irb, child_scope, block_node)));
    }
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_bin_op_id(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node, IrBinOp op_id) {
    IrInstruction *op1 = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.bin_op_expr.op1, scope);
    IrInstruction *op2 = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.bin_op_expr.op2, scope);

    if (op1 == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction || op2 == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    return ir_build_bin_op(irb, scope, node, op_id, op1, op2, true);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_assign(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    IrInstruction *lvalue = ir_gen_node_extra(irb, node->data.bin_op_expr.op1, scope, LVAL_PTR);
    IrInstruction *rvalue = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.bin_op_expr.op2, scope);

    if (lvalue == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction || rvalue == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    ir_build_store_ptr(irb, scope, node, lvalue, rvalue);
    return ir_build_const_void(irb, scope, node);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_assign_op(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node, IrBinOp op_id) {
    IrInstruction *lvalue = ir_gen_node_extra(irb, node->data.bin_op_expr.op1, scope, LVAL_PTR);
    if (lvalue == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return lvalue;
    IrInstruction *op1 = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, node->data.bin_op_expr.op1, lvalue);
    IrInstruction *op2 = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.bin_op_expr.op2, scope);
    if (op2 == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return op2;
    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_bin_op(irb, scope, node, op_id, op1, op2, true);
    ir_build_store_ptr(irb, scope, node, lvalue, result);
    return ir_build_const_void(irb, scope, node);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_bool_or(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeBinOpExpr);

    IrInstruction *val1 = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.bin_op_expr.op1, scope);
    if (val1 == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    IrBasicBlock *post_val1_block = irb->current_basic_block;

    IrInstruction *is_comptime;
    if (ir_should_inline(irb->exec, scope)) {
        is_comptime = ir_build_const_bool(irb, scope, node, true);
    } else {
        is_comptime = ir_build_test_comptime(irb, scope, node, val1);
    }

    // block for when val1 == false
    IrBasicBlock *false_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "BoolOrFalse");
    // block for when val1 == true (don't even evaluate the second part)
    IrBasicBlock *true_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "BoolOrTrue");

    ir_build_cond_br(irb, scope, node, val1, true_block, false_block, is_comptime);

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, false_block);
    IrInstruction *val2 = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.bin_op_expr.op2, scope);
    if (val2 == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    IrBasicBlock *post_val2_block = irb->current_basic_block;

    ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, true_block, is_comptime);

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, true_block);

    IrInstruction **incoming_values = allocate<IrInstruction *>(2);
    incoming_values[0] = val1;
    incoming_values[1] = val2;
    IrBasicBlock **incoming_blocks = allocate<IrBasicBlock *>(2);
    incoming_blocks[0] = post_val1_block;
    incoming_blocks[1] = post_val2_block;

    return ir_build_phi(irb, scope, node, 2, incoming_blocks, incoming_values);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_bool_and(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeBinOpExpr);

    IrInstruction *val1 = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.bin_op_expr.op1, scope);
    if (val1 == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    IrBasicBlock *post_val1_block = irb->current_basic_block;

    IrInstruction *is_comptime;
    if (ir_should_inline(irb->exec, scope)) {
        is_comptime = ir_build_const_bool(irb, scope, node, true);
    } else {
        is_comptime = ir_build_test_comptime(irb, scope, node, val1);
    }

    // block for when val1 == true
    IrBasicBlock *true_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "BoolAndTrue");
    // block for when val1 == false (don't even evaluate the second part)
    IrBasicBlock *false_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "BoolAndFalse");

    ir_build_cond_br(irb, scope, node, val1, true_block, false_block, is_comptime);

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, true_block);
    IrInstruction *val2 = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.bin_op_expr.op2, scope);
    if (val2 == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    IrBasicBlock *post_val2_block = irb->current_basic_block;

    ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, false_block, is_comptime);

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, false_block);

    IrInstruction **incoming_values = allocate<IrInstruction *>(2);
    incoming_values[0] = val1;
    incoming_values[1] = val2;
    IrBasicBlock **incoming_blocks = allocate<IrBasicBlock *>(2);
    incoming_blocks[0] = post_val1_block;
    incoming_blocks[1] = post_val2_block;

    return ir_build_phi(irb, scope, node, 2, incoming_blocks, incoming_values);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_maybe_ok_or(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *parent_scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeBinOpExpr);

    AstNode *op1_node = node->data.bin_op_expr.op1;
    AstNode *op2_node = node->data.bin_op_expr.op2;

    IrInstruction *maybe_ptr = ir_gen_node_extra(irb, op1_node, parent_scope, LVAL_PTR);
    if (maybe_ptr == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    IrInstruction *maybe_val = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, parent_scope, node, maybe_ptr);
    IrInstruction *is_non_null = ir_build_test_nonnull(irb, parent_scope, node, maybe_val);

    IrInstruction *is_comptime;
    if (ir_should_inline(irb->exec, parent_scope)) {
        is_comptime = ir_build_const_bool(irb, parent_scope, node, true);
    } else {
        is_comptime = ir_build_test_comptime(irb, parent_scope, node, is_non_null);
    }

    IrBasicBlock *ok_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, parent_scope, "MaybeNonNull");
    IrBasicBlock *null_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, parent_scope, "MaybeNull");
    IrBasicBlock *end_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, parent_scope, "MaybeEnd");
    ir_build_cond_br(irb, parent_scope, node, is_non_null, ok_block, null_block, is_comptime);

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, null_block);
    IrInstruction *null_result = ir_gen_node(irb, op2_node, parent_scope);
    if (null_result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    IrBasicBlock *after_null_block = irb->current_basic_block;
    if (!instr_is_unreachable(null_result))
        ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, parent_scope, node, end_block, is_comptime));

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, ok_block);
    IrInstruction *unwrapped_ptr = ir_build_unwrap_maybe(irb, parent_scope, node, maybe_ptr, false);
    IrInstruction *unwrapped_payload = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, parent_scope, node, unwrapped_ptr);
    IrBasicBlock *after_ok_block = irb->current_basic_block;
    ir_build_br(irb, parent_scope, node, end_block, is_comptime);

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, end_block);
    IrInstruction **incoming_values = allocate<IrInstruction *>(2);
    incoming_values[0] = null_result;
    incoming_values[1] = unwrapped_payload;
    IrBasicBlock **incoming_blocks = allocate<IrBasicBlock *>(2);
    incoming_blocks[0] = after_null_block;
    incoming_blocks[1] = after_ok_block;
    return ir_build_phi(irb, parent_scope, node, 2, incoming_blocks, incoming_values);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_error_union(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *parent_scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeBinOpExpr);

    AstNode *op1_node = node->data.bin_op_expr.op1;
    AstNode *op2_node = node->data.bin_op_expr.op2;

    IrInstruction *err_set = ir_gen_node(irb, op1_node, parent_scope);
    if (err_set == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    IrInstruction *payload = ir_gen_node(irb, op2_node, parent_scope);
    if (payload == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    return ir_build_error_union(irb, parent_scope, node, err_set, payload);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_bin_op(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeBinOpExpr);

    BinOpType bin_op_type = node->data.bin_op_expr.bin_op;
    switch (bin_op_type) {
        case BinOpTypeInvalid:
            zig_unreachable();
        case BinOpTypeAssign:
            return ir_gen_assign(irb, scope, node);
        case BinOpTypeAssignTimes:
            return ir_gen_assign_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpMult);
        case BinOpTypeAssignTimesWrap:
            return ir_gen_assign_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpMultWrap);
        case BinOpTypeAssignDiv:
            return ir_gen_assign_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpDivUnspecified);
        case BinOpTypeAssignMod:
            return ir_gen_assign_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpRemUnspecified);
        case BinOpTypeAssignPlus:
            return ir_gen_assign_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpAdd);
        case BinOpTypeAssignPlusWrap:
            return ir_gen_assign_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpAddWrap);
        case BinOpTypeAssignMinus:
            return ir_gen_assign_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpSub);
        case BinOpTypeAssignMinusWrap:
            return ir_gen_assign_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpSubWrap);
        case BinOpTypeAssignBitShiftLeft:
            return ir_gen_assign_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpBitShiftLeftLossy);
        case BinOpTypeAssignBitShiftRight:
            return ir_gen_assign_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpBitShiftRightLossy);
        case BinOpTypeAssignBitAnd:
            return ir_gen_assign_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpBinAnd);
        case BinOpTypeAssignBitXor:
            return ir_gen_assign_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpBinXor);
        case BinOpTypeAssignBitOr:
            return ir_gen_assign_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpBinOr);
        case BinOpTypeAssignMergeErrorSets:
            return ir_gen_assign_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpMergeErrorSets);
        case BinOpTypeBoolOr:
            return ir_gen_bool_or(irb, scope, node);
        case BinOpTypeBoolAnd:
            return ir_gen_bool_and(irb, scope, node);
        case BinOpTypeCmpEq:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpCmpEq);
        case BinOpTypeCmpNotEq:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpCmpNotEq);
        case BinOpTypeCmpLessThan:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpCmpLessThan);
        case BinOpTypeCmpGreaterThan:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpCmpGreaterThan);
        case BinOpTypeCmpLessOrEq:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpCmpLessOrEq);
        case BinOpTypeCmpGreaterOrEq:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpCmpGreaterOrEq);
        case BinOpTypeBinOr:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpBinOr);
        case BinOpTypeBinXor:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpBinXor);
        case BinOpTypeBinAnd:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpBinAnd);
        case BinOpTypeBitShiftLeft:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpBitShiftLeftLossy);
        case BinOpTypeBitShiftRight:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpBitShiftRightLossy);
        case BinOpTypeAdd:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpAdd);
        case BinOpTypeAddWrap:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpAddWrap);
        case BinOpTypeSub:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpSub);
        case BinOpTypeSubWrap:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpSubWrap);
        case BinOpTypeMult:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpMult);
        case BinOpTypeMultWrap:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpMultWrap);
        case BinOpTypeDiv:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpDivUnspecified);
        case BinOpTypeMod:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpRemUnspecified);
        case BinOpTypeArrayCat:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpArrayCat);
        case BinOpTypeArrayMult:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpArrayMult);
        case BinOpTypeMergeErrorSets:
            return ir_gen_bin_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpMergeErrorSets);
        case BinOpTypeUnwrapMaybe:
            return ir_gen_maybe_ok_or(irb, scope, node);
        case BinOpTypeErrorUnion:
            return ir_gen_error_union(irb, scope, node);
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_int_lit(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeIntLiteral);

    return ir_build_const_bigint(irb, scope, node, node->data.int_literal.bigint);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_float_lit(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeFloatLiteral);

    if (node->data.float_literal.overflow) {
        add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("float literal out of range of any type"));
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    return ir_build_const_bigfloat(irb, scope, node, node->data.float_literal.bigfloat);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_char_lit(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeCharLiteral);

    return ir_build_const_uint(irb, scope, node, node->data.char_literal.value);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_null_literal(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeNullLiteral);

    return ir_build_const_null(irb, scope, node);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_symbol(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node, LVal lval) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeSymbol);

    Buf *variable_name = node->data.symbol_expr.symbol;

    if (buf_eql_str(variable_name, "_") && lval.is_ptr) {
        IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_build_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(irb, scope, node);
        const_instruction->base.value.type = get_pointer_to_type(irb->codegen,
                irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void, false);
        const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
        const_instruction->base.value.data.x_ptr.special = ConstPtrSpecialDiscard;
        return &const_instruction->base;
    }

    auto primitive_table_entry = irb->codegen->primitive_type_table.maybe_get(variable_name);
    if (primitive_table_entry) {
        IrInstruction *value = ir_build_const_type(irb, scope, node, primitive_table_entry->value);
        if (lval.is_ptr) {
            return ir_build_ref(irb, scope, node, value, lval.is_const, lval.is_volatile);
        } else {
            return value;
        }
    }

    VariableTableEntry *var = find_variable(irb->codegen, scope, variable_name);
    if (var) {
        IrInstruction *var_ptr = ir_build_var_ptr(irb, scope, node, var,
                !lval.is_ptr || lval.is_const, lval.is_ptr && lval.is_volatile);
        if (lval.is_ptr)
            return var_ptr;
        else
            return ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, node, var_ptr);
    }

    Tld *tld = find_decl(irb->codegen, scope, variable_name);
    if (tld)
        return ir_build_decl_ref(irb, scope, node, tld, lval);

    if (node->owner->any_imports_failed) {
        // skip the error message since we had a failing import in this file
        // if an import breaks we don't need redundant undeclared identifier errors
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    // TODO put a variable of same name with invalid type in global scope
    // so that future references to this same name will find a variable with an invalid type
    add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("use of undeclared identifier '%s'", buf_ptr(variable_name)));
    return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_array_access(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node, LVal lval) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeArrayAccessExpr);

    AstNode *array_ref_node = node->data.array_access_expr.array_ref_expr;
    IrInstruction *array_ref_instruction = ir_gen_node_extra(irb, array_ref_node, scope, LVAL_PTR);
    if (array_ref_instruction == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return array_ref_instruction;

    AstNode *subscript_node = node->data.array_access_expr.subscript;
    IrInstruction *subscript_instruction = ir_gen_node(irb, subscript_node, scope);
    if (subscript_instruction == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return subscript_instruction;

    IrInstruction *ptr_instruction = ir_build_elem_ptr(irb, scope, node, array_ref_instruction,
            subscript_instruction, true);
    if (lval.is_ptr)
        return ptr_instruction;

    return ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, node, ptr_instruction);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_field_access(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node, LVal lval) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeFieldAccessExpr);

    AstNode *container_ref_node = node->data.field_access_expr.struct_expr;
    Buf *field_name = node->data.field_access_expr.field_name;

    IrInstruction *container_ref_instruction = ir_gen_node_extra(irb, container_ref_node, scope, LVAL_PTR);
    if (container_ref_instruction == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return container_ref_instruction;

    IrInstruction *ptr_instruction = ir_build_field_ptr(irb, scope, node, container_ref_instruction, field_name);
    if (lval.is_ptr)
        return ptr_instruction;

    return ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, node, ptr_instruction);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_overflow_op(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node, IrOverflowOp op) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeFnCallExpr);

    AstNode *type_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
    AstNode *op1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
    AstNode *op2_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(2);
    AstNode *result_ptr_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(3);


    IrInstruction *type_value = ir_gen_node(irb, type_node, scope);
    if (type_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    IrInstruction *op1 = ir_gen_node(irb, op1_node, scope);
    if (op1 == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    IrInstruction *op2 = ir_gen_node(irb, op2_node, scope);
    if (op2 == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    IrInstruction *result_ptr = ir_gen_node(irb, result_ptr_node, scope);
    if (result_ptr == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    return ir_build_overflow_op(irb, scope, node, op, type_value, op1, op2, result_ptr, nullptr);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_builtin_fn_call(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeFnCallExpr);

    AstNode *fn_ref_expr = node->data.fn_call_expr.fn_ref_expr;
    Buf *name = fn_ref_expr->data.symbol_expr.symbol;
    auto entry = irb->codegen->builtin_fn_table.maybe_get(name);

    if (!entry) {
        add_node_error(irb->codegen, node,
                buf_sprintf("invalid builtin function: '%s'", buf_ptr(name)));
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    BuiltinFnEntry *builtin_fn = entry->value;
    size_t actual_param_count = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.length;

    if (builtin_fn->param_count != SIZE_MAX && builtin_fn->param_count != actual_param_count) {
        add_node_error(irb->codegen, node,
                buf_sprintf("expected %" ZIG_PRI_usize " arguments, found %" ZIG_PRI_usize,
                    builtin_fn->param_count, actual_param_count));
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    switch (builtin_fn->id) {
        case BuiltinFnIdInvalid:
            zig_unreachable();
        case BuiltinFnIdTypeof:
            {
                AstNode *arg_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg = ir_gen_node(irb, arg_node, scope);
                if (arg == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg;
                return ir_build_typeof(irb, scope, node, arg);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdSetCold:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_set_cold(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdSetRuntimeSafety:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_set_runtime_safety(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdSetFloatMode:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                return ir_build_set_float_mode(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, arg1_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdSizeof:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_size_of(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdCtz:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_ctz(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdClz:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_clz(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdImport:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_import(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdCImport:
            {
                return ir_build_c_import(irb, scope, node);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdCInclude:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                if (!exec_c_import_buf(irb->exec)) {
                    add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("C include valid only inside C import block"));
                    return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
                }

                return ir_build_c_include(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdCDefine:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                if (!exec_c_import_buf(irb->exec)) {
                    add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("C define valid only inside C import block"));
                    return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
                }

                return ir_build_c_define(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, arg1_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdCUndef:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                if (!exec_c_import_buf(irb->exec)) {
                    add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("C undef valid only inside C import block"));
                    return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
                }

                return ir_build_c_undef(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdMaxValue:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_max_value(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdMinValue:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_min_value(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdCompileErr:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_compile_err(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdCompileLog:
            {
                IrInstruction **args = allocate<IrInstruction*>(actual_param_count);

                for (size_t i = 0; i < actual_param_count; i += 1) {
                    AstNode *arg_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(i);
                    args[i] = ir_gen_node(irb, arg_node, scope);
                    if (args[i] == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
                }

                return ir_build_compile_log(irb, scope, node, actual_param_count, args);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdErrName:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_err_name(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdEmbedFile:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_embed_file(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdCmpExchange:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                AstNode *arg2_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(2);
                IrInstruction *arg2_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg2_node, scope);
                if (arg2_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg2_value;

                AstNode *arg3_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(3);
                IrInstruction *arg3_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg3_node, scope);
                if (arg3_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg3_value;

                AstNode *arg4_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(4);
                IrInstruction *arg4_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg4_node, scope);
                if (arg4_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg4_value;

                return ir_build_cmpxchg(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, arg1_value,
                    arg2_value, arg3_value, arg4_value,
                    AtomicOrderUnordered, AtomicOrderUnordered);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdFence:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_fence(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, AtomicOrderUnordered);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdDivExact:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                return ir_build_bin_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpDivExact, arg0_value, arg1_value, true);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdDivTrunc:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                return ir_build_bin_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpDivTrunc, arg0_value, arg1_value, true);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdDivFloor:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                return ir_build_bin_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpDivFloor, arg0_value, arg1_value, true);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdRem:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                return ir_build_bin_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpRemRem, arg0_value, arg1_value, true);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdMod:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                return ir_build_bin_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpRemMod, arg0_value, arg1_value, true);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdTruncate:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                return ir_build_truncate(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, arg1_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdIntType:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                return ir_build_int_type(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, arg1_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdMemcpy:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                AstNode *arg2_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(2);
                IrInstruction *arg2_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg2_node, scope);
                if (arg2_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg2_value;

                return ir_build_memcpy(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, arg1_value, arg2_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdMemset:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                AstNode *arg2_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(2);
                IrInstruction *arg2_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg2_node, scope);
                if (arg2_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg2_value;

                return ir_build_memset(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, arg1_value, arg2_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdMemberCount:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_member_count(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdMemberType:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;


                return ir_build_member_type(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, arg1_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdMemberName:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;


                return ir_build_member_name(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, arg1_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdBreakpoint:
            return ir_build_breakpoint(irb, scope, node);
        case BuiltinFnIdReturnAddress:
            return ir_build_return_address(irb, scope, node);
        case BuiltinFnIdFrameAddress:
            return ir_build_frame_address(irb, scope, node);
        case BuiltinFnIdAlignOf:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_align_of(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdAddWithOverflow:
            return ir_gen_overflow_op(irb, scope, node, IrOverflowOpAdd);
        case BuiltinFnIdSubWithOverflow:
            return ir_gen_overflow_op(irb, scope, node, IrOverflowOpSub);
        case BuiltinFnIdMulWithOverflow:
            return ir_gen_overflow_op(irb, scope, node, IrOverflowOpMul);
        case BuiltinFnIdShlWithOverflow:
            return ir_gen_overflow_op(irb, scope, node, IrOverflowOpShl);
        case BuiltinFnIdTypeName:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_type_name(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdCanImplicitCast:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                return ir_build_can_implicit_cast(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, arg1_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdPanic:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_panic(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdPtrCast:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                return ir_build_ptr_cast(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, arg1_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdBitCast:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                return ir_build_bit_cast(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, arg1_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdIntToPtr:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                return ir_build_int_to_ptr(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, arg1_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdPtrToInt:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_ptr_to_int(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdTagName:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                IrInstruction *actual_tag = ir_build_union_tag(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
                return ir_build_tag_name(irb, scope, node, actual_tag);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdTagType:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_tag_type(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdFieldParentPtr:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                AstNode *arg2_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(2);
                IrInstruction *arg2_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg2_node, scope);
                if (arg2_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg2_value;

                return ir_build_field_parent_ptr(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, arg1_value, arg2_value, nullptr);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdOffsetOf:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                return ir_build_offset_of(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, arg1_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdInlineCall:
        case BuiltinFnIdNoInlineCall:
            {
                if (node->data.fn_call_expr.params.length == 0) {
                    add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("expected at least 1 argument, found 0"));
                    return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
                }

                AstNode *fn_ref_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *fn_ref = ir_gen_node(irb, fn_ref_node, scope);
                if (fn_ref == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return fn_ref;

                size_t arg_count = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.length - 1;

                IrInstruction **args = allocate<IrInstruction*>(arg_count);
                for (size_t i = 0; i < arg_count; i += 1) {
                    AstNode *arg_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(i + 1);
                    args[i] = ir_gen_node(irb, arg_node, scope);
                    if (args[i] == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                        return args[i];
                }
                FnInline fn_inline = (builtin_fn->id == BuiltinFnIdInlineCall) ? FnInlineAlways : FnInlineNever;

                return ir_build_call(irb, scope, node, nullptr, fn_ref, arg_count, args, false, fn_inline, false, nullptr);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdTypeId:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_type_id(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdShlExact:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                return ir_build_bin_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpBitShiftLeftExact, arg0_value, arg1_value, true);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdShrExact:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                return ir_build_bin_op(irb, scope, node, IrBinOpBitShiftRightExact, arg0_value, arg1_value, true);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdSetEvalBranchQuota:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_set_eval_branch_quota(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdAlignCast:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                return ir_build_align_cast(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, arg1_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdOpaqueType:
            return ir_build_opaque_type(irb, scope, node);
        case BuiltinFnIdSetAlignStack:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                return ir_build_set_align_stack(irb, scope, node, arg0_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdArgType:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                return ir_build_arg_type(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, arg1_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdExport:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                AstNode *arg2_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(2);
                IrInstruction *arg2_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg2_node, scope);
                if (arg2_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg2_value;

                return ir_build_export(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, arg1_value, arg2_value);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdErrorReturnTrace:
            {
                return ir_build_error_return_trace(irb, scope, node, IrInstructionErrorReturnTrace::Null);
            }
        case BuiltinFnIdAtomicRmw:
            {
                AstNode *arg0_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);
                IrInstruction *arg0_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg0_node, scope);
                if (arg0_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg0_value;

                AstNode *arg1_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(1);
                IrInstruction *arg1_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg1_node, scope);
                if (arg1_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg1_value;

                AstNode *arg2_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(2);
                IrInstruction *arg2_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg2_node, scope);
                if (arg2_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg2_value;

                AstNode *arg3_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(3);
                IrInstruction *arg3_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg3_node, scope);
                if (arg3_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg3_value;

                AstNode *arg4_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(4);
                IrInstruction *arg4_value = ir_gen_node(irb, arg4_node, scope);
                if (arg4_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return arg4_value;

                return ir_build_atomic_rmw(irb, scope, node, arg0_value, arg1_value, arg2_value, arg3_value,
                        arg4_value,
                        // these 2 values don't mean anything since we passed non-null values for other args
                        AtomicRmwOp_xchg, AtomicOrderMonotonic);
            }
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_fn_call(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeFnCallExpr);

    if (node->data.fn_call_expr.is_builtin)
        return ir_gen_builtin_fn_call(irb, scope, node);

    AstNode *fn_ref_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.fn_ref_expr;
    IrInstruction *fn_ref = ir_gen_node(irb, fn_ref_node, scope);
    if (fn_ref == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return fn_ref;

    size_t arg_count = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.length;
    IrInstruction **args = allocate<IrInstruction*>(arg_count);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < arg_count; i += 1) {
        AstNode *arg_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(i);
        args[i] = ir_gen_node(irb, arg_node, scope);
        if (args[i] == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return args[i];
    }

    bool is_async = node->data.fn_call_expr.is_async;
    IrInstruction *async_allocator = nullptr;
    if (is_async) {
        if (node->data.fn_call_expr.async_allocator) {
            async_allocator = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.fn_call_expr.async_allocator, scope);
            if (async_allocator == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                return async_allocator;
        }
    }

    return ir_build_call(irb, scope, node, nullptr, fn_ref, arg_count, args, false, FnInlineAuto, is_async, async_allocator);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_if_bool_expr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeIfBoolExpr);

    IrInstruction *condition = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.if_bool_expr.condition, scope);
    if (condition == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return condition;

    IrInstruction *is_comptime;
    if (ir_should_inline(irb->exec, scope)) {
        is_comptime = ir_build_const_bool(irb, scope, node, true);
    } else {
        is_comptime = ir_build_test_comptime(irb, scope, node, condition);
    }

    AstNode *then_node = node->data.if_bool_expr.then_block;
    AstNode *else_node = node->data.if_bool_expr.else_node;

    IrBasicBlock *then_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "Then");
    IrBasicBlock *else_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "Else");
    IrBasicBlock *endif_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "EndIf");

    ir_build_cond_br(irb, scope, condition->source_node, condition, then_block, else_block, is_comptime);

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, then_block);

    IrInstruction *then_expr_result = ir_gen_node(irb, then_node, scope);
    if (then_expr_result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return then_expr_result;
    IrBasicBlock *after_then_block = irb->current_basic_block;
    if (!instr_is_unreachable(then_expr_result))
        ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, endif_block, is_comptime));

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, else_block);
    IrInstruction *else_expr_result;
    if (else_node) {
        else_expr_result = ir_gen_node(irb, else_node, scope);
        if (else_expr_result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return else_expr_result;
    } else {
        else_expr_result = ir_build_const_void(irb, scope, node);
    }
    IrBasicBlock *after_else_block = irb->current_basic_block;
    if (!instr_is_unreachable(else_expr_result))
        ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, endif_block, is_comptime));

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, endif_block);
    IrInstruction **incoming_values = allocate<IrInstruction *>(2);
    incoming_values[0] = then_expr_result;
    incoming_values[1] = else_expr_result;
    IrBasicBlock **incoming_blocks = allocate<IrBasicBlock *>(2);
    incoming_blocks[0] = after_then_block;
    incoming_blocks[1] = after_else_block;

    return ir_build_phi(irb, scope, node, 2, incoming_blocks, incoming_values);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_prefix_op_id_lval(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node, IrUnOp op_id, LVal lval) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypePrefixOpExpr);
    AstNode *expr_node = node->data.prefix_op_expr.primary_expr;

    IrInstruction *value = ir_gen_node_extra(irb, expr_node, scope, lval);
    if (value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return value;

    return ir_build_un_op(irb, scope, node, op_id, value);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_prefix_op_id(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node, IrUnOp op_id) {
    return ir_gen_prefix_op_id_lval(irb, scope, node, op_id, LVAL_NONE);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_lval_wrap(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, IrInstruction *value, LVal lval) {
    if (!lval.is_ptr)
        return value;
    if (value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return value;

    // We needed a pointer to a value, but we got a value. So we create
    // an instruction which just makes a const pointer of it.
    return ir_build_ref(irb, scope, value->source_node, value, lval.is_const, lval.is_volatile);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_address_of(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeAddrOfExpr);
    bool is_const = node->data.addr_of_expr.is_const;
    bool is_volatile = node->data.addr_of_expr.is_volatile;
    AstNode *expr_node = node->data.addr_of_expr.op_expr;
    AstNode *align_expr = node->data.addr_of_expr.align_expr;

    if (align_expr == nullptr && !is_const && !is_volatile) {
        return ir_gen_node_extra(irb, expr_node, scope, make_lval_addr(is_const, is_volatile));
    }

    IrInstruction *align_value;
    if (align_expr != nullptr) {
        align_value = ir_gen_node(irb, align_expr, scope);
        if (align_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return align_value;
    } else {
        align_value = nullptr;
    }

    IrInstruction *child_type = ir_gen_node(irb, expr_node, scope);
    if (child_type == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return child_type;

    uint32_t bit_offset_start = 0;
    if (node->data.addr_of_expr.bit_offset_start != nullptr) {
        if (!bigint_fits_in_bits(node->data.addr_of_expr.bit_offset_start, 32, false)) {
            Buf *val_buf = buf_alloc();
            bigint_append_buf(val_buf, node->data.addr_of_expr.bit_offset_start, 10);
            exec_add_error_node(irb->codegen, irb->exec, node,
                    buf_sprintf("value %s too large for u32 bit offset", buf_ptr(val_buf)));
            return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }
        bit_offset_start = bigint_as_unsigned(node->data.addr_of_expr.bit_offset_start);
    }

    uint32_t bit_offset_end = 0;
    if (node->data.addr_of_expr.bit_offset_end != nullptr) {
        if (!bigint_fits_in_bits(node->data.addr_of_expr.bit_offset_end, 32, false)) {
            Buf *val_buf = buf_alloc();
            bigint_append_buf(val_buf, node->data.addr_of_expr.bit_offset_end, 10);
            exec_add_error_node(irb->codegen, irb->exec, node,
                    buf_sprintf("value %s too large for u32 bit offset", buf_ptr(val_buf)));
            return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }
        bit_offset_end = bigint_as_unsigned(node->data.addr_of_expr.bit_offset_end);
    }

    if ((bit_offset_start != 0 || bit_offset_end != 0) && bit_offset_start >= bit_offset_end) {
        exec_add_error_node(irb->codegen, irb->exec, node,
                buf_sprintf("bit offset start must be less than bit offset end"));
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    return ir_build_ptr_type_of(irb, scope, node, child_type, is_const, is_volatile,
            align_value, bit_offset_start, bit_offset_end);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_err_assert_ok(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *source_node, AstNode *expr_node,
        LVal lval)
{
    IrInstruction *err_union_ptr = ir_gen_node_extra(irb, expr_node, scope, LVAL_PTR);
    if (err_union_ptr == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    IrInstruction *payload_ptr = ir_build_unwrap_err_payload(irb, scope, source_node, err_union_ptr, true);
    if (payload_ptr == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    if (lval.is_ptr)
        return payload_ptr;

    return ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, source_node, payload_ptr);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_maybe_assert_ok(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node, LVal lval) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypePrefixOpExpr);
    AstNode *expr_node = node->data.prefix_op_expr.primary_expr;

    IrInstruction *maybe_ptr = ir_gen_node_extra(irb, expr_node, scope, LVAL_PTR);
    if (maybe_ptr == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    IrInstruction *unwrapped_ptr = ir_build_unwrap_maybe(irb, scope, node, maybe_ptr, true);
    if (lval.is_ptr)
        return unwrapped_ptr;

    return ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, node, unwrapped_ptr);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_bool_not(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypePrefixOpExpr);
    AstNode *expr_node = node->data.prefix_op_expr.primary_expr;

    IrInstruction *value = ir_gen_node(irb, expr_node, scope);
    if (value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    return ir_build_bool_not(irb, scope, node, value);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_prefix_op_expr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node, LVal lval) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypePrefixOpExpr);

    PrefixOp prefix_op = node->data.prefix_op_expr.prefix_op;

    switch (prefix_op) {
        case PrefixOpInvalid:
            zig_unreachable();
        case PrefixOpBoolNot:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_bool_not(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case PrefixOpBinNot:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_prefix_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrUnOpBinNot), lval);
        case PrefixOpNegation:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_prefix_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrUnOpNegation), lval);
        case PrefixOpNegationWrap:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_prefix_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrUnOpNegationWrap), lval);
        case PrefixOpDereference:
            return ir_gen_prefix_op_id_lval(irb, scope, node, IrUnOpDereference, lval);
        case PrefixOpMaybe:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_prefix_op_id(irb, scope, node, IrUnOpMaybe), lval);
        case PrefixOpUnwrapMaybe:
            return ir_gen_maybe_assert_ok(irb, scope, node, lval);
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_container_init_expr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeContainerInitExpr);

    AstNodeContainerInitExpr *container_init_expr = &node->data.container_init_expr;
    ContainerInitKind kind = container_init_expr->kind;

    IrInstruction *container_type = ir_gen_node(irb, container_init_expr->type, scope);
    if (container_type == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return container_type;

    if (kind == ContainerInitKindStruct) {
        size_t field_count = container_init_expr->entries.length;
        IrInstructionContainerInitFieldsField *fields = allocate<IrInstructionContainerInitFieldsField>(field_count);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < field_count; i += 1) {
            AstNode *entry_node = container_init_expr->entries.at(i);
            assert(entry_node->type == NodeTypeStructValueField);

            Buf *name = entry_node->data.struct_val_field.name;
            AstNode *expr_node = entry_node->data.struct_val_field.expr;
            IrInstruction *expr_value = ir_gen_node(irb, expr_node, scope);
            if (expr_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                return expr_value;

            fields[i].name = name;
            fields[i].value = expr_value;
            fields[i].source_node = entry_node;
        }
        return ir_build_container_init_fields(irb, scope, node, container_type, field_count, fields);
    } else if (kind == ContainerInitKindArray) {
        size_t item_count = container_init_expr->entries.length;
        IrInstruction **values = allocate<IrInstruction *>(item_count);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < item_count; i += 1) {
            AstNode *expr_node = container_init_expr->entries.at(i);
            IrInstruction *expr_value = ir_gen_node(irb, expr_node, scope);
            if (expr_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                return expr_value;

            values[i] = expr_value;
        }
        return ir_build_container_init_list(irb, scope, node, container_type, item_count, values);
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_var_decl(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeVariableDeclaration);

    AstNodeVariableDeclaration *variable_declaration = &node->data.variable_declaration;

    IrInstruction *type_instruction;
    if (variable_declaration->type != nullptr) {
        type_instruction = ir_gen_node(irb, variable_declaration->type, scope);
        if (type_instruction == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return type_instruction;
    } else {
        type_instruction = nullptr;
    }

    bool is_shadowable = false;
    bool is_const = variable_declaration->is_const;
    bool is_extern = variable_declaration->is_extern;
    IrInstruction *is_comptime = ir_build_const_bool(irb, scope, node,
        ir_should_inline(irb->exec, scope) || variable_declaration->is_comptime);
    VariableTableEntry *var = ir_create_var(irb, node, scope, variable_declaration->symbol,
        is_const, is_const, is_shadowable, is_comptime);
    // we detect IrInstructionIdDeclVar in gen_block to make sure the next node
    // is inside var->child_scope

    if (!is_extern && !variable_declaration->expr) {
        var->value->type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("variables must be initialized"));
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    IrInstruction *align_value = nullptr;
    if (variable_declaration->align_expr != nullptr) {
        align_value = ir_gen_node(irb, variable_declaration->align_expr, scope);
        if (align_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return align_value;
    }

    if (variable_declaration->section_expr != nullptr) {
        add_node_error(irb->codegen, variable_declaration->section_expr,
            buf_sprintf("cannot set section of local variable '%s'", buf_ptr(variable_declaration->symbol)));
    }

    // Temporarily set the name of the IrExecutable to the VariableDeclaration
    // so that the struct or enum from the init expression inherits the name.
    Buf *old_exec_name = irb->exec->name;
    irb->exec->name = variable_declaration->symbol;
    IrInstruction *init_value = ir_gen_node(irb, variable_declaration->expr, scope);
    irb->exec->name = old_exec_name;

    if (init_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return init_value;

    return ir_build_var_decl(irb, scope, node, var, type_instruction, align_value, init_value);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_while_expr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeWhileExpr);

    AstNode *continue_expr_node = node->data.while_expr.continue_expr;
    AstNode *else_node = node->data.while_expr.else_node;

    IrBasicBlock *cond_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "WhileCond");
    IrBasicBlock *body_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "WhileBody");
    IrBasicBlock *continue_block = continue_expr_node ?
        ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "WhileContinue") : cond_block;
    IrBasicBlock *end_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "WhileEnd");
    IrBasicBlock *else_block = else_node ?
        ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "WhileElse") : end_block;

    IrInstruction *is_comptime = ir_build_const_bool(irb, scope, node,
        ir_should_inline(irb->exec, scope) || node->data.while_expr.is_inline);
    ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, cond_block, is_comptime);

    Buf *var_symbol = node->data.while_expr.var_symbol;
    Buf *err_symbol = node->data.while_expr.err_symbol;
    if (err_symbol != nullptr) {
        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, cond_block);

        Scope *payload_scope;
        AstNode *symbol_node = node; // TODO make more accurate
        VariableTableEntry *payload_var;
        if (var_symbol) {
            // TODO make it an error to write to payload variable
            payload_var = ir_create_var(irb, symbol_node, scope, var_symbol,
                    true, false, false, is_comptime);
            payload_scope = payload_var->child_scope;
        } else {
            payload_scope = scope;
        }
        IrInstruction *err_val_ptr = ir_gen_node_extra(irb, node->data.while_expr.condition, scope, LVAL_PTR);
        if (err_val_ptr == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return err_val_ptr;
        IrInstruction *err_val = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, node->data.while_expr.condition, err_val_ptr);
        IrInstruction *is_err = ir_build_test_err(irb, scope, node->data.while_expr.condition, err_val);
        IrBasicBlock *after_cond_block = irb->current_basic_block;
        IrInstruction *void_else_result = else_node ? nullptr : ir_mark_gen(ir_build_const_void(irb, scope, node));
        if (!instr_is_unreachable(is_err)) {
            ir_mark_gen(ir_build_cond_br(irb, scope, node->data.while_expr.condition, is_err,
                        else_block, body_block, is_comptime));
        }

        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, body_block);
        if (var_symbol) {
            IrInstruction *var_ptr_value = ir_build_unwrap_err_payload(irb, payload_scope, symbol_node,
                    err_val_ptr, false);
            IrInstruction *var_value = node->data.while_expr.var_is_ptr ?
                var_ptr_value : ir_build_load_ptr(irb, payload_scope, symbol_node, var_ptr_value);
            ir_build_var_decl(irb, payload_scope, symbol_node, payload_var, nullptr, nullptr, var_value);
        }

        ZigList<IrInstruction *> incoming_values = {0};
        ZigList<IrBasicBlock *> incoming_blocks = {0};

        ScopeLoop *loop_scope = create_loop_scope(node, payload_scope);
        loop_scope->break_block = end_block;
        loop_scope->continue_block = continue_block;
        loop_scope->is_comptime = is_comptime;
        loop_scope->incoming_blocks = &incoming_blocks;
        loop_scope->incoming_values = &incoming_values;

        IrInstruction *body_result = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.while_expr.body, &loop_scope->base);
        if (body_result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return body_result;

        if (!instr_is_unreachable(body_result))
            ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, payload_scope, node, continue_block, is_comptime));

        if (continue_expr_node) {
            ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, continue_block);
            IrInstruction *expr_result = ir_gen_node(irb, continue_expr_node, payload_scope);
            if (expr_result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                return expr_result;
            if (!instr_is_unreachable(expr_result))
                ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, payload_scope, node, cond_block, is_comptime));
        }

        IrInstruction *else_result = nullptr;
        if (else_node) {
            ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, else_block);

            // TODO make it an error to write to error variable
            AstNode *err_symbol_node = else_node; // TODO make more accurate
            VariableTableEntry *err_var = ir_create_var(irb, err_symbol_node, scope, err_symbol,
                    true, false, false, is_comptime);
            Scope *err_scope = err_var->child_scope;
            IrInstruction *err_var_value = ir_build_unwrap_err_code(irb, err_scope, err_symbol_node, err_val_ptr);
            ir_build_var_decl(irb, err_scope, symbol_node, err_var, nullptr, nullptr, err_var_value);

            else_result = ir_gen_node(irb, else_node, err_scope);
            if (else_result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                return else_result;
            if (!instr_is_unreachable(else_result))
                ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, end_block, is_comptime));
        }
        IrBasicBlock *after_else_block = irb->current_basic_block;
        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, end_block);
        if (else_result) {
            incoming_blocks.append(after_else_block);
            incoming_values.append(else_result);
        } else {
            incoming_blocks.append(after_cond_block);
            incoming_values.append(void_else_result);
        }

        return ir_build_phi(irb, scope, node, incoming_blocks.length, incoming_blocks.items, incoming_values.items);
    } else if (var_symbol != nullptr) {
        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, cond_block);
        // TODO make it an error to write to payload variable
        AstNode *symbol_node = node; // TODO make more accurate
        VariableTableEntry *payload_var = ir_create_var(irb, symbol_node, scope, var_symbol,
                true, false, false, is_comptime);
        Scope *child_scope = payload_var->child_scope;
        IrInstruction *maybe_val_ptr = ir_gen_node_extra(irb, node->data.while_expr.condition, scope, LVAL_PTR);
        if (maybe_val_ptr == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return maybe_val_ptr;
        IrInstruction *maybe_val = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, node->data.while_expr.condition, maybe_val_ptr);
        IrInstruction *is_non_null = ir_build_test_nonnull(irb, scope, node->data.while_expr.condition, maybe_val);
        IrBasicBlock *after_cond_block = irb->current_basic_block;
        IrInstruction *void_else_result = else_node ? nullptr : ir_mark_gen(ir_build_const_void(irb, scope, node));
        if (!instr_is_unreachable(is_non_null)) {
            ir_mark_gen(ir_build_cond_br(irb, scope, node->data.while_expr.condition, is_non_null,
                        body_block, else_block, is_comptime));
        }

        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, body_block);
        IrInstruction *var_ptr_value = ir_build_unwrap_maybe(irb, child_scope, symbol_node, maybe_val_ptr, false);
        IrInstruction *var_value = node->data.while_expr.var_is_ptr ?
            var_ptr_value : ir_build_load_ptr(irb, child_scope, symbol_node, var_ptr_value);
        ir_build_var_decl(irb, child_scope, symbol_node, payload_var, nullptr, nullptr, var_value);

        ZigList<IrInstruction *> incoming_values = {0};
        ZigList<IrBasicBlock *> incoming_blocks = {0};

        ScopeLoop *loop_scope = create_loop_scope(node, child_scope);
        loop_scope->break_block = end_block;
        loop_scope->continue_block = continue_block;
        loop_scope->is_comptime = is_comptime;
        loop_scope->incoming_blocks = &incoming_blocks;
        loop_scope->incoming_values = &incoming_values;

        IrInstruction *body_result = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.while_expr.body, &loop_scope->base);
        if (body_result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return body_result;

        if (!instr_is_unreachable(body_result))
            ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, child_scope, node, continue_block, is_comptime));

        if (continue_expr_node) {
            ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, continue_block);
            IrInstruction *expr_result = ir_gen_node(irb, continue_expr_node, child_scope);
            if (expr_result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                return expr_result;
            if (!instr_is_unreachable(expr_result))
                ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, child_scope, node, cond_block, is_comptime));
        }

        IrInstruction *else_result = nullptr;
        if (else_node) {
            ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, else_block);

            else_result = ir_gen_node(irb, else_node, scope);
            if (else_result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                return else_result;
            if (!instr_is_unreachable(else_result))
                ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, end_block, is_comptime));
        }
        IrBasicBlock *after_else_block = irb->current_basic_block;
        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, end_block);
        if (else_result) {
            incoming_blocks.append(after_else_block);
            incoming_values.append(else_result);
        } else {
            incoming_blocks.append(after_cond_block);
            incoming_values.append(void_else_result);
        }

        return ir_build_phi(irb, scope, node, incoming_blocks.length, incoming_blocks.items, incoming_values.items);
    } else {
        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, cond_block);
        IrInstruction *cond_val = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.while_expr.condition, scope);
        if (cond_val == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return cond_val;
        IrBasicBlock *after_cond_block = irb->current_basic_block;
        IrInstruction *void_else_result = else_node ? nullptr : ir_mark_gen(ir_build_const_void(irb, scope, node));
        if (!instr_is_unreachable(cond_val)) {
            ir_mark_gen(ir_build_cond_br(irb, scope, node->data.while_expr.condition, cond_val,
                        body_block, else_block, is_comptime));
        }

        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, body_block);

        ZigList<IrInstruction *> incoming_values = {0};
        ZigList<IrBasicBlock *> incoming_blocks = {0};

        ScopeLoop *loop_scope = create_loop_scope(node, scope);
        loop_scope->break_block = end_block;
        loop_scope->continue_block = continue_block;
        loop_scope->is_comptime = is_comptime;
        loop_scope->incoming_blocks = &incoming_blocks;
        loop_scope->incoming_values = &incoming_values;

        IrInstruction *body_result = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.while_expr.body, &loop_scope->base);
        if (body_result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return body_result;

        if (!instr_is_unreachable(body_result))
            ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, continue_block, is_comptime));

        if (continue_expr_node) {
            ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, continue_block);
            IrInstruction *expr_result = ir_gen_node(irb, continue_expr_node, scope);
            if (expr_result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                return expr_result;
            if (!instr_is_unreachable(expr_result))
                ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, cond_block, is_comptime));
        }

        IrInstruction *else_result = nullptr;
        if (else_node) {
            ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, else_block);

            else_result = ir_gen_node(irb, else_node, scope);
            if (else_result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                return else_result;
            if (!instr_is_unreachable(else_result))
                ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, end_block, is_comptime));
        }
        IrBasicBlock *after_else_block = irb->current_basic_block;
        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, end_block);
        if (else_result) {
            incoming_blocks.append(after_else_block);
            incoming_values.append(else_result);
        } else {
            incoming_blocks.append(after_cond_block);
            incoming_values.append(void_else_result);
        }

        return ir_build_phi(irb, scope, node, incoming_blocks.length, incoming_blocks.items, incoming_values.items);
    }
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_for_expr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *parent_scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeForExpr);

    AstNode *array_node = node->data.for_expr.array_expr;
    AstNode *elem_node = node->data.for_expr.elem_node;
    AstNode *index_node = node->data.for_expr.index_node;
    AstNode *body_node = node->data.for_expr.body;
    AstNode *else_node = node->data.for_expr.else_node;

    if (!elem_node) {
        add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("for loop expression missing element parameter"));
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }
    assert(elem_node->type == NodeTypeSymbol);

    IrInstruction *array_val_ptr = ir_gen_node_extra(irb, array_node, parent_scope, LVAL_PTR);
    if (array_val_ptr == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return array_val_ptr;

    IrInstruction *array_val = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, parent_scope, array_node, array_val_ptr);

    IrInstruction *pointer_type = ir_build_to_ptr_type(irb, parent_scope, array_node, array_val);
    IrInstruction *elem_var_type;
    if (node->data.for_expr.elem_is_ptr) {
        elem_var_type = pointer_type;
    } else {
        elem_var_type = ir_build_ptr_type_child(irb, parent_scope, elem_node, pointer_type);
    }

    IrInstruction *is_comptime = ir_build_const_bool(irb, parent_scope, node,
        ir_should_inline(irb->exec, parent_scope) || node->data.for_expr.is_inline);

    // TODO make it an error to write to element variable or i variable.
    Buf *elem_var_name = elem_node->data.symbol_expr.symbol;
    VariableTableEntry *elem_var = ir_create_var(irb, elem_node, parent_scope, elem_var_name, true, false, false, is_comptime);
    Scope *child_scope = elem_var->child_scope;

    IrInstruction *undefined_value = ir_build_const_undefined(irb, child_scope, elem_node);
    ir_build_var_decl(irb, child_scope, elem_node, elem_var, elem_var_type, nullptr, undefined_value);
    IrInstruction *elem_var_ptr = ir_build_var_ptr(irb, child_scope, node, elem_var, false, false);

    AstNode *index_var_source_node;
    VariableTableEntry *index_var;
    if (index_node) {
        index_var_source_node = index_node;
        Buf *index_var_name = index_node->data.symbol_expr.symbol;
        index_var = ir_create_var(irb, index_node, child_scope, index_var_name, true, false, false, is_comptime);
    } else {
        index_var_source_node = node;
        index_var = ir_create_var(irb, node, child_scope, nullptr, true, false, true, is_comptime);
    }
    child_scope = index_var->child_scope;

    IrInstruction *usize = ir_build_const_type(irb, child_scope, node, irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize);
    IrInstruction *zero = ir_build_const_usize(irb, child_scope, node, 0);
    IrInstruction *one = ir_build_const_usize(irb, child_scope, node, 1);
    ir_build_var_decl(irb, child_scope, index_var_source_node, index_var, usize, nullptr, zero);
    IrInstruction *index_ptr = ir_build_var_ptr(irb, child_scope, node, index_var, false, false);


    IrBasicBlock *cond_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, child_scope, "ForCond");
    IrBasicBlock *body_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, child_scope, "ForBody");
    IrBasicBlock *end_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, child_scope, "ForEnd");
    IrBasicBlock *else_block = else_node ? ir_create_basic_block(irb, child_scope, "ForElse") : end_block;
    IrBasicBlock *continue_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, child_scope, "ForContinue");

    IrInstruction *len_val = ir_build_array_len(irb, child_scope, node, array_val);
    ir_build_br(irb, child_scope, node, cond_block, is_comptime);

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, cond_block);
    IrInstruction *index_val = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, child_scope, node, index_ptr);
    IrInstruction *cond = ir_build_bin_op(irb, child_scope, node, IrBinOpCmpLessThan, index_val, len_val, false);
    IrBasicBlock *after_cond_block = irb->current_basic_block;
    IrInstruction *void_else_value = else_node ? nullptr : ir_mark_gen(ir_build_const_void(irb, parent_scope, node));
    ir_mark_gen(ir_build_cond_br(irb, child_scope, node, cond, body_block, else_block, is_comptime));

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, body_block);
    IrInstruction *elem_ptr = ir_build_elem_ptr(irb, child_scope, node, array_val_ptr, index_val, false);
    IrInstruction *elem_val;
    if (node->data.for_expr.elem_is_ptr) {
        elem_val = elem_ptr;
    } else {
        elem_val = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, child_scope, node, elem_ptr);
    }
    ir_mark_gen(ir_build_store_ptr(irb, child_scope, node, elem_var_ptr, elem_val));

    ZigList<IrInstruction *> incoming_values = {0};
    ZigList<IrBasicBlock *> incoming_blocks = {0};
    ScopeLoop *loop_scope = create_loop_scope(node, child_scope);
    loop_scope->break_block = end_block;
    loop_scope->continue_block = continue_block;
    loop_scope->is_comptime = is_comptime;
    loop_scope->incoming_blocks = &incoming_blocks;
    loop_scope->incoming_values = &incoming_values;

    IrInstruction *body_result = ir_gen_node(irb, body_node, &loop_scope->base);

    if (!instr_is_unreachable(body_result))
        ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, child_scope, node, continue_block, is_comptime));

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, continue_block);
    IrInstruction *new_index_val = ir_build_bin_op(irb, child_scope, node, IrBinOpAdd, index_val, one, false);
    ir_mark_gen(ir_build_store_ptr(irb, child_scope, node, index_ptr, new_index_val));
    ir_build_br(irb, child_scope, node, cond_block, is_comptime);

    IrInstruction *else_result = nullptr;
    if (else_node) {
        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, else_block);

        else_result = ir_gen_node(irb, else_node, parent_scope);
        if (else_result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return else_result;
        if (!instr_is_unreachable(else_result))
            ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, parent_scope, node, end_block, is_comptime));
    }
    IrBasicBlock *after_else_block = irb->current_basic_block;
    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, end_block);

    if (else_result) {
        incoming_blocks.append(after_else_block);
        incoming_values.append(else_result);
    } else {
        incoming_blocks.append(after_cond_block);
        incoming_values.append(void_else_value);
    }

    return ir_build_phi(irb, parent_scope, node, incoming_blocks.length, incoming_blocks.items, incoming_values.items);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_this_literal(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeThisLiteral);

    if (!scope->parent)
        return ir_build_const_import(irb, scope, node, node->owner);

    FnTableEntry *fn_entry = scope_get_fn_if_root(scope);
    if (fn_entry)
        return ir_build_const_fn(irb, scope, node, fn_entry);

    while (scope->id != ScopeIdBlock && scope->id != ScopeIdDecls) {
        scope = scope->parent;
    }

    if (scope->id == ScopeIdDecls) {
        ScopeDecls *decls_scope = (ScopeDecls *)scope;
        TypeTableEntry *container_type = decls_scope->container_type;
        assert(container_type);
        return ir_build_const_type(irb, scope, node, container_type);
    }

    if (scope->id == ScopeIdBlock)
        return ir_build_const_scope(irb, scope, node, scope);

    zig_unreachable();
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_bool_literal(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeBoolLiteral);
    return ir_build_const_bool(irb, scope, node, node->data.bool_literal.value);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_string_literal(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeStringLiteral);

    if (node->data.string_literal.c) {
        return ir_build_const_c_str_lit(irb, scope, node, node->data.string_literal.buf);
    } else {
        return ir_build_const_str_lit(irb, scope, node, node->data.string_literal.buf);
    }
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_array_type(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeArrayType);

    AstNode *size_node = node->data.array_type.size;
    AstNode *child_type_node = node->data.array_type.child_type;
    bool is_const = node->data.array_type.is_const;
    bool is_volatile = node->data.array_type.is_volatile;
    AstNode *align_expr = node->data.array_type.align_expr;

    if (size_node) {
        if (is_const) {
            add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_create_from_str("const qualifier invalid on array type"));
            return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }
        if (is_volatile) {
            add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_create_from_str("volatile qualifier invalid on array type"));
            return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }
        if (align_expr != nullptr) {
            add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_create_from_str("align qualifier invalid on array type"));
            return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }

        IrInstruction *size_value = ir_gen_node(irb, size_node, scope);
        if (size_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return size_value;

        IrInstruction *child_type = ir_gen_node(irb, child_type_node, scope);
        if (child_type == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return child_type;

        return ir_build_array_type(irb, scope, node, size_value, child_type);
    } else {
        IrInstruction *align_value;
        if (align_expr != nullptr) {
            align_value = ir_gen_node(irb, align_expr, scope);
            if (align_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                return align_value;
        } else {
            align_value = nullptr;
        }

        IrInstruction *child_type = ir_gen_node(irb, child_type_node, scope);
        if (child_type == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return child_type;

        return ir_build_slice_type(irb, scope, node, child_type, is_const, is_volatile, align_value);
    }
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_promise_type(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypePromiseType);

    AstNode *payload_type_node = node->data.promise_type.payload_type;
    IrInstruction *payload_type_value = nullptr;

    if (payload_type_node != nullptr) {
        payload_type_value = ir_gen_node(irb, payload_type_node, scope);
        if (payload_type_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return payload_type_value;

    }

    return ir_build_promise_type(irb, scope, node, payload_type_value);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_undefined_literal(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeUndefinedLiteral);
    return ir_build_const_undefined(irb, scope, node);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_asm_expr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeAsmExpr);

    IrInstruction **input_list = allocate<IrInstruction *>(node->data.asm_expr.input_list.length);
    IrInstruction **output_types = allocate<IrInstruction *>(node->data.asm_expr.output_list.length);
    VariableTableEntry **output_vars = allocate<VariableTableEntry *>(node->data.asm_expr.output_list.length);
    size_t return_count = 0;
    bool is_volatile = node->data.asm_expr.is_volatile;
    if (!is_volatile && node->data.asm_expr.output_list.length == 0) {
        add_node_error(irb->codegen, node,
                buf_sprintf("assembly expression with no output must be marked volatile"));
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }
    for (size_t i = 0; i < node->data.asm_expr.output_list.length; i += 1) {
        AsmOutput *asm_output = node->data.asm_expr.output_list.at(i);
        if (asm_output->return_type) {
            return_count += 1;

            IrInstruction *return_type = ir_gen_node(irb, asm_output->return_type, scope);
            if (return_type == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            if (return_count > 1) {
                add_node_error(irb->codegen, node,
                        buf_sprintf("inline assembly allows up to one output value"));
                return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            }
            output_types[i] = return_type;
        } else {
            Buf *variable_name = asm_output->variable_name;
            VariableTableEntry *var = find_variable(irb->codegen, scope, variable_name);
            if (var) {
                output_vars[i] = var;
            } else {
                add_node_error(irb->codegen, node,
                        buf_sprintf("use of undeclared identifier '%s'", buf_ptr(variable_name)));
                return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            }
        }
    }
    for (size_t i = 0; i < node->data.asm_expr.input_list.length; i += 1) {
        AsmInput *asm_input = node->data.asm_expr.input_list.at(i);
        IrInstruction *input_value = ir_gen_node(irb, asm_input->expr, scope);
        if (input_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

        input_list[i] = input_value;
    }

    return ir_build_asm(irb, scope, node, input_list, output_types, output_vars, return_count, is_volatile);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_test_expr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeTestExpr);

    Buf *var_symbol = node->data.test_expr.var_symbol;
    AstNode *expr_node = node->data.test_expr.target_node;
    AstNode *then_node = node->data.test_expr.then_node;
    AstNode *else_node = node->data.test_expr.else_node;
    bool var_is_ptr = node->data.test_expr.var_is_ptr;

    IrInstruction *maybe_val_ptr = ir_gen_node_extra(irb, expr_node, scope, LVAL_PTR);
    if (maybe_val_ptr == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return maybe_val_ptr;

    IrInstruction *maybe_val = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, node, maybe_val_ptr);
    IrInstruction *is_non_null = ir_build_test_nonnull(irb, scope, node, maybe_val);

    IrBasicBlock *then_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "MaybeThen");
    IrBasicBlock *else_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "MaybeElse");
    IrBasicBlock *endif_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "MaybeEndIf");

    IrInstruction *is_comptime;
    if (ir_should_inline(irb->exec, scope)) {
        is_comptime = ir_build_const_bool(irb, scope, node, true);
    } else {
        is_comptime = ir_build_test_comptime(irb, scope, node, is_non_null);
    }
    ir_build_cond_br(irb, scope, node, is_non_null, then_block, else_block, is_comptime);

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, then_block);

    Scope *var_scope;
    if (var_symbol) {
        IrInstruction *var_type = nullptr;
        bool is_shadowable = false;
        bool is_const = true;
        VariableTableEntry *var = ir_create_var(irb, node, scope,
                var_symbol, is_const, is_const, is_shadowable, is_comptime);

        IrInstruction *var_ptr_value = ir_build_unwrap_maybe(irb, scope, node, maybe_val_ptr, false);
        IrInstruction *var_value = var_is_ptr ? var_ptr_value : ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, node, var_ptr_value);
        ir_build_var_decl(irb, scope, node, var, var_type, nullptr, var_value);
        var_scope = var->child_scope;
    } else {
        var_scope = scope;
    }
    IrInstruction *then_expr_result = ir_gen_node(irb, then_node, var_scope);
    if (then_expr_result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return then_expr_result;
    IrBasicBlock *after_then_block = irb->current_basic_block;
    if (!instr_is_unreachable(then_expr_result))
        ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, endif_block, is_comptime));

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, else_block);
    IrInstruction *else_expr_result;
    if (else_node) {
        else_expr_result = ir_gen_node(irb, else_node, scope);
        if (else_expr_result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return else_expr_result;
    } else {
        else_expr_result = ir_build_const_void(irb, scope, node);
    }
    IrBasicBlock *after_else_block = irb->current_basic_block;
    if (!instr_is_unreachable(else_expr_result))
        ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, endif_block, is_comptime));

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, endif_block);
    IrInstruction **incoming_values = allocate<IrInstruction *>(2);
    incoming_values[0] = then_expr_result;
    incoming_values[1] = else_expr_result;
    IrBasicBlock **incoming_blocks = allocate<IrBasicBlock *>(2);
    incoming_blocks[0] = after_then_block;
    incoming_blocks[1] = after_else_block;

    return ir_build_phi(irb, scope, node, 2, incoming_blocks, incoming_values);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_if_err_expr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeIfErrorExpr);

    AstNode *target_node = node->data.if_err_expr.target_node;
    AstNode *then_node = node->data.if_err_expr.then_node;
    AstNode *else_node = node->data.if_err_expr.else_node;
    bool var_is_ptr = node->data.if_err_expr.var_is_ptr;
    bool var_is_const = true;
    Buf *var_symbol = node->data.if_err_expr.var_symbol;
    Buf *err_symbol = node->data.if_err_expr.err_symbol;

    IrInstruction *err_val_ptr = ir_gen_node_extra(irb, target_node, scope, LVAL_PTR);
    if (err_val_ptr == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return err_val_ptr;

    IrInstruction *err_val = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, node, err_val_ptr);
    IrInstruction *is_err = ir_build_test_err(irb, scope, node, err_val);

    IrBasicBlock *ok_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "TryOk");
    IrBasicBlock *else_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "TryElse");
    IrBasicBlock *endif_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "TryEnd");

    bool force_comptime = ir_should_inline(irb->exec, scope);
    IrInstruction *is_comptime = force_comptime ? ir_build_const_bool(irb, scope, node, true) : ir_build_test_comptime(irb, scope, node, is_err);
    ir_build_cond_br(irb, scope, node, is_err, else_block, ok_block, is_comptime);

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, ok_block);

    Scope *var_scope;
    if (var_symbol) {
        IrInstruction *var_type = nullptr;
        bool is_shadowable = false;
        IrInstruction *var_is_comptime = force_comptime ? ir_build_const_bool(irb, scope, node, true) : ir_build_test_comptime(irb, scope, node, err_val);
        VariableTableEntry *var = ir_create_var(irb, node, scope,
                var_symbol, var_is_const, var_is_const, is_shadowable, var_is_comptime);

        IrInstruction *var_ptr_value = ir_build_unwrap_err_payload(irb, scope, node, err_val_ptr, false);
        IrInstruction *var_value = var_is_ptr ? var_ptr_value : ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, node, var_ptr_value);
        ir_build_var_decl(irb, scope, node, var, var_type, nullptr, var_value);
        var_scope = var->child_scope;
    } else {
        var_scope = scope;
    }
    IrInstruction *then_expr_result = ir_gen_node(irb, then_node, var_scope);
    if (then_expr_result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return then_expr_result;
    IrBasicBlock *after_then_block = irb->current_basic_block;
    if (!instr_is_unreachable(then_expr_result))
        ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, endif_block, is_comptime));

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, else_block);

    IrInstruction *else_expr_result;
    if (else_node) {
        Scope *err_var_scope;
        if (err_symbol) {
            IrInstruction *var_type = nullptr;
            bool is_shadowable = false;
            bool is_const = true;
            VariableTableEntry *var = ir_create_var(irb, node, scope,
                    err_symbol, is_const, is_const, is_shadowable, is_comptime);

            IrInstruction *var_value = ir_build_unwrap_err_code(irb, scope, node, err_val_ptr);
            ir_build_var_decl(irb, scope, node, var, var_type, nullptr, var_value);
            err_var_scope = var->child_scope;
        } else {
            err_var_scope = scope;
        }
        else_expr_result = ir_gen_node(irb, else_node, err_var_scope);
        if (else_expr_result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return else_expr_result;
    } else {
        else_expr_result = ir_build_const_void(irb, scope, node);
    }
    IrBasicBlock *after_else_block = irb->current_basic_block;
    if (!instr_is_unreachable(else_expr_result))
        ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, endif_block, is_comptime));

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, endif_block);
    IrInstruction **incoming_values = allocate<IrInstruction *>(2);
    incoming_values[0] = then_expr_result;
    incoming_values[1] = else_expr_result;
    IrBasicBlock **incoming_blocks = allocate<IrBasicBlock *>(2);
    incoming_blocks[0] = after_then_block;
    incoming_blocks[1] = after_else_block;

    return ir_build_phi(irb, scope, node, 2, incoming_blocks, incoming_values);
}

static bool ir_gen_switch_prong_expr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *switch_node, AstNode *prong_node,
        IrBasicBlock *end_block, IrInstruction *is_comptime, IrInstruction *var_is_comptime,
        IrInstruction *target_value_ptr, IrInstruction *prong_value,
        ZigList<IrBasicBlock *> *incoming_blocks, ZigList<IrInstruction *> *incoming_values)
{
    assert(switch_node->type == NodeTypeSwitchExpr);
    assert(prong_node->type == NodeTypeSwitchProng);

    AstNode *expr_node = prong_node->data.switch_prong.expr;
    AstNode *var_symbol_node = prong_node->data.switch_prong.var_symbol;
    Scope *child_scope;
    if (var_symbol_node) {
        assert(var_symbol_node->type == NodeTypeSymbol);
        Buf *var_name = var_symbol_node->data.symbol_expr.symbol;
        bool var_is_ptr = prong_node->data.switch_prong.var_is_ptr;

        bool is_shadowable = false;
        bool is_const = true;
        VariableTableEntry *var = ir_create_var(irb, var_symbol_node, scope,
                var_name, is_const, is_const, is_shadowable, var_is_comptime);
        child_scope = var->child_scope;
        IrInstruction *var_value;
        if (prong_value) {
            IrInstruction *var_ptr_value = ir_build_switch_var(irb, scope, var_symbol_node, target_value_ptr, prong_value);
            var_value = var_is_ptr ? var_ptr_value : ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, var_symbol_node, var_ptr_value);
        } else {
            var_value = var_is_ptr ? target_value_ptr : ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, var_symbol_node, target_value_ptr);
        }
        IrInstruction *var_type = nullptr; // infer the type
        ir_build_var_decl(irb, scope, var_symbol_node, var, var_type, nullptr, var_value);
    } else {
        child_scope = scope;
    }

    IrInstruction *expr_result = ir_gen_node(irb, expr_node, child_scope);
    if (expr_result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return false;
    if (!instr_is_unreachable(expr_result))
        ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, scope, switch_node, end_block, is_comptime));
    incoming_blocks->append(irb->current_basic_block);
    incoming_values->append(expr_result);
    return true;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_switch_expr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeSwitchExpr);

    AstNode *target_node = node->data.switch_expr.expr;
    IrInstruction *target_value_ptr = ir_gen_node_extra(irb, target_node, scope, LVAL_PTR);
    if (target_value_ptr == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return target_value_ptr;
    IrInstruction *target_value = ir_build_switch_target(irb, scope, node, target_value_ptr);

    IrBasicBlock *else_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "SwitchElse");
    IrBasicBlock *end_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "SwitchEnd");

    size_t prong_count = node->data.switch_expr.prongs.length;
    ZigList<IrInstructionSwitchBrCase> cases = {0};

    IrInstruction *is_comptime;
    IrInstruction *var_is_comptime;
    if (ir_should_inline(irb->exec, scope)) {
        is_comptime = ir_build_const_bool(irb, scope, node, true);
        var_is_comptime = is_comptime;
    } else {
        is_comptime = ir_build_test_comptime(irb, scope, node, target_value);
        var_is_comptime = ir_build_test_comptime(irb, scope, node, target_value_ptr);
    }

    ZigList<IrInstruction *> incoming_values = {0};
    ZigList<IrBasicBlock *> incoming_blocks = {0};
    ZigList<IrInstructionCheckSwitchProngsRange> check_ranges = {0};

    // First do the else and the ranges
    Scope *comptime_scope = create_comptime_scope(node, scope);
    AstNode *else_prong = nullptr;
    for (size_t prong_i = 0; prong_i < prong_count; prong_i += 1) {
        AstNode *prong_node = node->data.switch_expr.prongs.at(prong_i);
        size_t prong_item_count = prong_node->data.switch_prong.items.length;
        if (prong_item_count == 0) {
            if (else_prong) {
                ErrorMsg *msg = add_node_error(irb->codegen, prong_node,
                        buf_sprintf("multiple else prongs in switch expression"));
                add_error_note(irb->codegen, msg, else_prong,
                        buf_sprintf("previous else prong is here"));
                return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            }
            else_prong = prong_node;

            IrBasicBlock *prev_block = irb->current_basic_block;
            ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, else_block);
            if (!ir_gen_switch_prong_expr(irb, scope, node, prong_node, end_block,
                is_comptime, var_is_comptime, target_value_ptr, nullptr, &incoming_blocks, &incoming_values))
            {
                return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            }
            ir_set_cursor_at_end(irb, prev_block);
        } else if (prong_node->data.switch_prong.any_items_are_range) {
            IrInstruction *ok_bit = nullptr;
            AstNode *last_item_node = nullptr;
            for (size_t item_i = 0; item_i < prong_item_count; item_i += 1) {
                AstNode *item_node = prong_node->data.switch_prong.items.at(item_i);
                last_item_node = item_node;
                if (item_node->type == NodeTypeSwitchRange) {
                    AstNode *start_node = item_node->data.switch_range.start;
                    AstNode *end_node = item_node->data.switch_range.end;

                    IrInstruction *start_value = ir_gen_node(irb, start_node, comptime_scope);
                    if (start_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

                    IrInstruction *end_value = ir_gen_node(irb, end_node, comptime_scope);
                    if (end_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

                    IrInstructionCheckSwitchProngsRange *check_range = check_ranges.add_one();
                    check_range->start = start_value;
                    check_range->end = end_value;

                    IrInstruction *lower_range_ok = ir_build_bin_op(irb, scope, item_node, IrBinOpCmpGreaterOrEq,
                            target_value, start_value, false);
                    IrInstruction *upper_range_ok = ir_build_bin_op(irb, scope, item_node, IrBinOpCmpLessOrEq,
                            target_value, end_value, false);
                    IrInstruction *both_ok = ir_build_bin_op(irb, scope, item_node, IrBinOpBoolAnd,
                            lower_range_ok, upper_range_ok, false);
                    if (ok_bit) {
                        ok_bit = ir_build_bin_op(irb, scope, item_node, IrBinOpBoolOr, both_ok, ok_bit, false);
                    } else {
                        ok_bit = both_ok;
                    }
                } else {
                    IrInstruction *item_value = ir_gen_node(irb, item_node, comptime_scope);
                    if (item_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

                    IrInstructionCheckSwitchProngsRange *check_range = check_ranges.add_one();
                    check_range->start = item_value;
                    check_range->end = item_value;

                    IrInstruction *cmp_ok = ir_build_bin_op(irb, scope, item_node, IrBinOpCmpEq,
                            item_value, target_value, false);
                    if (ok_bit) {
                        ok_bit = ir_build_bin_op(irb, scope, item_node, IrBinOpBoolOr, cmp_ok, ok_bit, false);
                    } else {
                        ok_bit = cmp_ok;
                    }
                }
            }

            IrBasicBlock *range_block_yes = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "SwitchRangeYes");
            IrBasicBlock *range_block_no = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "SwitchRangeNo");

            assert(ok_bit);
            assert(last_item_node);
            ir_mark_gen(ir_build_cond_br(irb, scope, last_item_node, ok_bit, range_block_yes,
                        range_block_no, is_comptime));

            ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, range_block_yes);
            if (!ir_gen_switch_prong_expr(irb, scope, node, prong_node, end_block,
                is_comptime, var_is_comptime, target_value_ptr, nullptr, &incoming_blocks, &incoming_values))
            {
                return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            }

            ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, range_block_no);
        }
    }

    // next do the non-else non-ranges
    for (size_t prong_i = 0; prong_i < prong_count; prong_i += 1) {
        AstNode *prong_node = node->data.switch_expr.prongs.at(prong_i);
        size_t prong_item_count = prong_node->data.switch_prong.items.length;
        if (prong_item_count == 0)
            continue;
        if (prong_node->data.switch_prong.any_items_are_range)
            continue;

        IrBasicBlock *prong_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "SwitchProng");
        IrInstruction *last_item_value = nullptr;

        for (size_t item_i = 0; item_i < prong_item_count; item_i += 1) {
            AstNode *item_node = prong_node->data.switch_prong.items.at(item_i);
            assert(item_node->type != NodeTypeSwitchRange);

            IrInstruction *item_value = ir_gen_node(irb, item_node, comptime_scope);
            if (item_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

            IrInstructionCheckSwitchProngsRange *check_range = check_ranges.add_one();
            check_range->start = item_value;
            check_range->end = item_value;

            IrInstructionSwitchBrCase *this_case = cases.add_one();
            this_case->value = item_value;
            this_case->block = prong_block;

            last_item_value = item_value;
        }
        IrInstruction *only_item_value = (prong_item_count == 1) ? last_item_value : nullptr;

        IrBasicBlock *prev_block = irb->current_basic_block;
        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, prong_block);
        if (!ir_gen_switch_prong_expr(irb, scope, node, prong_node, end_block,
            is_comptime, var_is_comptime, target_value_ptr, only_item_value, &incoming_blocks, &incoming_values))
        {
            return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }

        ir_set_cursor_at_end(irb, prev_block);

    }

    ir_build_check_switch_prongs(irb, scope, node, target_value, check_ranges.items, check_ranges.length,
            else_prong != nullptr);

    if (cases.length == 0) {
        ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, else_block, is_comptime);
    } else {
        ir_build_switch_br(irb, scope, node, target_value, else_block, cases.length, cases.items, is_comptime);
    }

    if (!else_prong) {
        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, else_block);
        ir_build_unreachable(irb, scope, node);
    }

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, end_block);
    assert(incoming_blocks.length == incoming_values.length);
    if (incoming_blocks.length == 0) {
        return ir_build_const_void(irb, scope, node);
    } else {
        return ir_build_phi(irb, scope, node, incoming_blocks.length, incoming_blocks.items, incoming_values.items);
    }
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_comptime(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *parent_scope, AstNode *node, LVal lval) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeCompTime);

    Scope *child_scope = create_comptime_scope(node, parent_scope);
    return ir_gen_node_extra(irb, node->data.comptime_expr.expr, child_scope, lval);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_return_from_block(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *break_scope, AstNode *node, ScopeBlock *block_scope) {
    IrInstruction *is_comptime;
    if (ir_should_inline(irb->exec, break_scope)) {
        is_comptime = ir_build_const_bool(irb, break_scope, node, true);
    } else {
        is_comptime = block_scope->is_comptime;
    }

    IrInstruction *result_value;
    if (node->data.break_expr.expr) {
        result_value = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.break_expr.expr, break_scope);
        if (result_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    } else {
        result_value = ir_build_const_void(irb, break_scope, node);
    }

    IrBasicBlock *dest_block = block_scope->end_block;
    ir_gen_defers_for_block(irb, break_scope, dest_block->scope, false);

    block_scope->incoming_blocks->append(irb->current_basic_block);
    block_scope->incoming_values->append(result_value);
    return ir_build_br(irb, break_scope, node, dest_block, is_comptime);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_break(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *break_scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeBreak);

    // Search up the scope. We'll find one of these things first:
    // * function definition scope or global scope => error, break outside loop
    // * defer expression scope => error, cannot break out of defer expression
    // * loop scope => OK
    // * (if it's a labeled break) labeled block => OK

    Scope *search_scope = break_scope;
    ScopeLoop *loop_scope;
    for (;;) {
        if (search_scope == nullptr || search_scope->id == ScopeIdFnDef) {
            if (node->data.break_expr.name != nullptr) {
                add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("label not found: '%s'", buf_ptr(node->data.break_expr.name)));
                return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            } else {
                add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("break expression outside loop"));
                return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            }
        } else if (search_scope->id == ScopeIdDeferExpr) {
            add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("cannot break out of defer expression"));
            return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        } else if (search_scope->id == ScopeIdLoop) {
            ScopeLoop *this_loop_scope = (ScopeLoop *)search_scope;
            if (node->data.break_expr.name == nullptr ||
                (this_loop_scope->name != nullptr && buf_eql_buf(node->data.break_expr.name, this_loop_scope->name)))
            {
                loop_scope = this_loop_scope;
                break;
            }
        } else if (search_scope->id == ScopeIdBlock) {
            ScopeBlock *this_block_scope = (ScopeBlock *)search_scope;
            if (node->data.break_expr.name != nullptr &&
                (this_block_scope->name != nullptr && buf_eql_buf(node->data.break_expr.name, this_block_scope->name)))
            {
                assert(this_block_scope->end_block != nullptr);
                return ir_gen_return_from_block(irb, break_scope, node, this_block_scope);
            }
        }
        search_scope = search_scope->parent;
    }

    IrInstruction *is_comptime;
    if (ir_should_inline(irb->exec, break_scope)) {
        is_comptime = ir_build_const_bool(irb, break_scope, node, true);
    } else {
        is_comptime = loop_scope->is_comptime;
    }

    IrInstruction *result_value;
    if (node->data.break_expr.expr) {
        result_value = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.break_expr.expr, break_scope);
        if (result_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    } else {
        result_value = ir_build_const_void(irb, break_scope, node);
    }

    IrBasicBlock *dest_block = loop_scope->break_block;
    ir_gen_defers_for_block(irb, break_scope, dest_block->scope, false);

    loop_scope->incoming_blocks->append(irb->current_basic_block);
    loop_scope->incoming_values->append(result_value);
    return ir_build_br(irb, break_scope, node, dest_block, is_comptime);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_continue(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *continue_scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeContinue);

    // Search up the scope. We'll find one of these things first:
    // * function definition scope or global scope => error, break outside loop
    // * defer expression scope => error, cannot break out of defer expression
    // * loop scope => OK

    Scope *search_scope = continue_scope;
    ScopeLoop *loop_scope;
    for (;;) {
        if (search_scope == nullptr || search_scope->id == ScopeIdFnDef) {
            if (node->data.continue_expr.name != nullptr) {
                add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("labeled loop not found: '%s'", buf_ptr(node->data.continue_expr.name)));
                return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            } else {
                add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("continue expression outside loop"));
                return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            }
        } else if (search_scope->id == ScopeIdDeferExpr) {
            add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("cannot continue out of defer expression"));
            return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        } else if (search_scope->id == ScopeIdLoop) {
            ScopeLoop *this_loop_scope = (ScopeLoop *)search_scope;
            if (node->data.continue_expr.name == nullptr ||
                (this_loop_scope->name != nullptr && buf_eql_buf(node->data.continue_expr.name, this_loop_scope->name)))
            {
                loop_scope = this_loop_scope;
                break;
            }
        }
        search_scope = search_scope->parent;
    }

    IrInstruction *is_comptime;
    if (ir_should_inline(irb->exec, continue_scope)) {
        is_comptime = ir_build_const_bool(irb, continue_scope, node, true);
    } else {
        is_comptime = loop_scope->is_comptime;
    }

    IrBasicBlock *dest_block = loop_scope->continue_block;
    ir_gen_defers_for_block(irb, continue_scope, dest_block->scope, false);
    return ir_build_br(irb, continue_scope, node, dest_block, is_comptime);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_error_type(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeErrorType);
    return ir_build_const_type(irb, scope, node, irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_global_error_set);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_defer(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *parent_scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeDefer);

    ScopeDefer *defer_child_scope = create_defer_scope(node, parent_scope);
    node->data.defer.child_scope = &defer_child_scope->base;

    ScopeDeferExpr *defer_expr_scope = create_defer_expr_scope(node, parent_scope);
    node->data.defer.expr_scope = &defer_expr_scope->base;

    return ir_build_const_void(irb, parent_scope, node);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_slice(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeSliceExpr);

    AstNodeSliceExpr *slice_expr = &node->data.slice_expr;
    AstNode *array_node = slice_expr->array_ref_expr;
    AstNode *start_node = slice_expr->start;
    AstNode *end_node = slice_expr->end;

    IrInstruction *ptr_value = ir_gen_node_extra(irb, array_node, scope, LVAL_PTR);
    if (ptr_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    IrInstruction *start_value = ir_gen_node(irb, start_node, scope);
    if (start_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    IrInstruction *end_value;
    if (end_node) {
        end_value = ir_gen_node(irb, end_node, scope);
        if (end_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    } else {
        end_value = nullptr;
    }

    return ir_build_slice(irb, scope, node, ptr_value, start_value, end_value, true);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_err_ok_or(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *parent_scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeUnwrapErrorExpr);

    AstNode *op1_node = node->data.unwrap_err_expr.op1;
    AstNode *op2_node = node->data.unwrap_err_expr.op2;
    AstNode *var_node = node->data.unwrap_err_expr.symbol;

    if (op2_node->type == NodeTypeUnreachable) {
        if (var_node != nullptr) {
            assert(var_node->type == NodeTypeSymbol);
            Buf *var_name = var_node->data.symbol_expr.symbol;
            add_node_error(irb->codegen, var_node, buf_sprintf("unused variable: '%s'", buf_ptr(var_name)));
            return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }
        return ir_gen_err_assert_ok(irb, parent_scope, node, op1_node, LVAL_NONE);
    }


    IrInstruction *err_union_ptr = ir_gen_node_extra(irb, op1_node, parent_scope, LVAL_PTR);
    if (err_union_ptr == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    IrInstruction *err_union_val = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, parent_scope, node, err_union_ptr);
    IrInstruction *is_err = ir_build_test_err(irb, parent_scope, node, err_union_val);

    IrInstruction *is_comptime;
    if (ir_should_inline(irb->exec, parent_scope)) {
        is_comptime = ir_build_const_bool(irb, parent_scope, node, true);
    } else {
        is_comptime = ir_build_test_comptime(irb, parent_scope, node, is_err);
    }

    IrBasicBlock *ok_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, parent_scope, "UnwrapErrOk");
    IrBasicBlock *err_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, parent_scope, "UnwrapErrError");
    IrBasicBlock *end_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, parent_scope, "UnwrapErrEnd");
    ir_build_cond_br(irb, parent_scope, node, is_err, err_block, ok_block, is_comptime);

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, err_block);
    Scope *err_scope;
    if (var_node) {
        assert(var_node->type == NodeTypeSymbol);
        Buf *var_name = var_node->data.symbol_expr.symbol;
        bool is_const = true;
        bool is_shadowable = false;
        VariableTableEntry *var = ir_create_var(irb, node, parent_scope, var_name,
            is_const, is_const, is_shadowable, is_comptime);
        err_scope = var->child_scope;
        IrInstruction *err_val = ir_build_unwrap_err_code(irb, err_scope, node, err_union_ptr);
        ir_build_var_decl(irb, err_scope, var_node, var, nullptr, nullptr, err_val);
    } else {
        err_scope = parent_scope;
    }
    IrInstruction *err_result = ir_gen_node(irb, op2_node, err_scope);
    if (err_result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    IrBasicBlock *after_err_block = irb->current_basic_block;
    if (!instr_is_unreachable(err_result))
        ir_mark_gen(ir_build_br(irb, err_scope, node, end_block, is_comptime));

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, ok_block);
    IrInstruction *unwrapped_ptr = ir_build_unwrap_err_payload(irb, parent_scope, node, err_union_ptr, false);
    IrInstruction *unwrapped_payload = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, parent_scope, node, unwrapped_ptr);
    IrBasicBlock *after_ok_block = irb->current_basic_block;
    ir_build_br(irb, parent_scope, node, end_block, is_comptime);

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, end_block);
    IrInstruction **incoming_values = allocate<IrInstruction *>(2);
    incoming_values[0] = err_result;
    incoming_values[1] = unwrapped_payload;
    IrBasicBlock **incoming_blocks = allocate<IrBasicBlock *>(2);
    incoming_blocks[0] = after_err_block;
    incoming_blocks[1] = after_ok_block;
    return ir_build_phi(irb, parent_scope, node, 2, incoming_blocks, incoming_values);
}

static bool render_instance_name_recursive(CodeGen *codegen, Buf *name, Scope *outer_scope, Scope *inner_scope) {
    if (inner_scope == nullptr || inner_scope == outer_scope) return false;
    bool need_comma = render_instance_name_recursive(codegen, name, outer_scope, inner_scope->parent);
    if (inner_scope->id != ScopeIdVarDecl)
        return need_comma;

    ScopeVarDecl *var_scope = (ScopeVarDecl *)inner_scope;
    if (need_comma)
        buf_append_char(name, ',');
    render_const_value(codegen, name, var_scope->var->value);
    return true;
}

static Buf *get_anon_type_name(CodeGen *codegen, IrExecutable *exec, const char *kind_name, AstNode *source_node) {
    if (exec->name) {
        return exec->name;
    } else {
        FnTableEntry *fn_entry = exec_fn_entry(exec);
        if (fn_entry) {
            Buf *name = buf_alloc();
            buf_append_buf(name, &fn_entry->symbol_name);
            buf_appendf(name, "(");
            render_instance_name_recursive(codegen, name, &fn_entry->fndef_scope->base, exec->begin_scope);
            buf_appendf(name, ")");
            return name;
        } else {
            //Note: C-imports do not have valid location information
            return buf_sprintf("(anonymous %s at %s:%" ZIG_PRI_usize ":%" ZIG_PRI_usize ")", kind_name,
                (source_node->owner->path != nullptr) ? buf_ptr(source_node->owner->path) : "(null)", source_node->line + 1, source_node->column + 1);
        }
    }
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_container_decl(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *parent_scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeContainerDecl);

    ContainerKind kind = node->data.container_decl.kind;
    Buf *name = get_anon_type_name(irb->codegen, irb->exec, container_string(kind), node);

    VisibMod visib_mod = VisibModPub;
    TldContainer *tld_container = allocate<TldContainer>(1);
    init_tld(&tld_container->base, TldIdContainer, name, visib_mod, node, parent_scope);

    ContainerLayout layout = node->data.container_decl.layout;
    TypeTableEntry *container_type = get_partial_container_type(irb->codegen, parent_scope,
            kind, node, buf_ptr(name), layout);
    ScopeDecls *child_scope = get_container_scope(container_type);

    tld_container->type_entry = container_type;
    tld_container->decls_scope = child_scope;

    for (size_t i = 0; i < node->data.container_decl.decls.length; i += 1) {
        AstNode *child_node = node->data.container_decl.decls.at(i);
        scan_decls(irb->codegen, child_scope, child_node);
    }
    irb->codegen->resolve_queue.append(&tld_container->base);

    // Add this to the list to mark as invalid if analyzing this exec fails.
    irb->exec->tld_list.append(&tld_container->base);

    return ir_build_const_type(irb, parent_scope, node, container_type);
}

// errors should be populated with set1's values
static TypeTableEntry *get_error_set_union(CodeGen *g, ErrorTableEntry **errors, TypeTableEntry *set1, TypeTableEntry *set2) {
    assert(set1->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet);
    assert(set2->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet);

    TypeTableEntry *err_set_type = new_type_table_entry(TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet);
    buf_resize(&err_set_type->name, 0);
    buf_appendf(&err_set_type->name, "error{");

    for (uint32_t i = 0, count = set1->data.error_set.err_count; i < count; i += 1) {
        assert(errors[set1->data.error_set.errors[i]->value] == set1->data.error_set.errors[i]);
    }

    uint32_t count = set1->data.error_set.err_count;
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < set2->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
        ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = set2->data.error_set.errors[i];
        if (errors[error_entry->value] == nullptr) {
            count += 1;
        }
    }

    err_set_type->is_copyable = true;
    err_set_type->type_ref = g->builtin_types.entry_global_error_set->type_ref;
    err_set_type->di_type = g->builtin_types.entry_global_error_set->di_type;
    err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count = count;
    err_set_type->data.error_set.errors = allocate<ErrorTableEntry *>(count);

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < set1->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
        ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = set1->data.error_set.errors[i];
        buf_appendf(&err_set_type->name, "%s,", buf_ptr(&error_entry->name));
        err_set_type->data.error_set.errors[i] = error_entry;
    }

    uint32_t index = set1->data.error_set.err_count;
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < set2->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
        ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = set2->data.error_set.errors[i];
        if (errors[error_entry->value] == nullptr) {
            errors[error_entry->value] = error_entry;
            buf_appendf(&err_set_type->name, "%s,", buf_ptr(&error_entry->name));
            err_set_type->data.error_set.errors[index] = error_entry;
            index += 1;
        }
    }
    assert(index == count);
    assert(count != 0);

    buf_appendf(&err_set_type->name, "}");

    g->error_di_types.append(&err_set_type->di_type);

    return err_set_type;

}

static TypeTableEntry *make_err_set_with_one_item(CodeGen *g, Scope *parent_scope, AstNode *node,
        ErrorTableEntry *err_entry)
{
    TypeTableEntry *err_set_type = new_type_table_entry(TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet);
    buf_resize(&err_set_type->name, 0);
    buf_appendf(&err_set_type->name, "error{%s}", buf_ptr(&err_entry->name));
    err_set_type->is_copyable = true;
    err_set_type->type_ref = g->builtin_types.entry_global_error_set->type_ref;
    err_set_type->di_type = g->builtin_types.entry_global_error_set->di_type;
    err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count = 1;
    err_set_type->data.error_set.errors = allocate<ErrorTableEntry *>(1);

    g->error_di_types.append(&err_set_type->di_type);

    err_set_type->data.error_set.errors[0] = err_entry;

    return err_set_type;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_err_set_decl(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *parent_scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeErrorSetDecl);

    uint32_t err_count = node->data.err_set_decl.decls.length;

    Buf *type_name = get_anon_type_name(irb->codegen, irb->exec, "error set", node);
    TypeTableEntry *err_set_type = new_type_table_entry(TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet);
    buf_init_from_buf(&err_set_type->name, type_name);
    err_set_type->is_copyable = true;
    err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count = err_count;

    if (err_count == 0) {
        err_set_type->zero_bits = true;
        err_set_type->di_type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void->di_type;
    } else {
        err_set_type->type_ref = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_global_error_set->type_ref;
        err_set_type->di_type = irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_global_error_set->di_type;
        irb->codegen->error_di_types.append(&err_set_type->di_type);
        err_set_type->data.error_set.errors = allocate<ErrorTableEntry *>(err_count);
    }

    ErrorTableEntry **errors = allocate<ErrorTableEntry *>(irb->codegen->errors_by_index.length + err_count);

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < err_count; i += 1) {
        AstNode *symbol_node = node->data.err_set_decl.decls.at(i);
        assert(symbol_node->type == NodeTypeSymbol);
        Buf *err_name = symbol_node->data.symbol_expr.symbol;
        ErrorTableEntry *err = allocate<ErrorTableEntry>(1);
        err->decl_node = symbol_node;
        buf_init_from_buf(&err->name, err_name);

        auto existing_entry = irb->codegen->error_table.put_unique(err_name, err);
        if (existing_entry) {
            err->value = existing_entry->value->value;
        } else {
            size_t error_value_count = irb->codegen->errors_by_index.length;
            assert((uint32_t)error_value_count < (((uint32_t)1) << (uint32_t)irb->codegen->err_tag_type->data.integral.bit_count));
            err->value = error_value_count;
            irb->codegen->errors_by_index.append(err);
            irb->codegen->err_enumerators.append(ZigLLVMCreateDebugEnumerator(irb->codegen->dbuilder,
                buf_ptr(err_name), error_value_count));
        }
        err_set_type->data.error_set.errors[i] = err;

        ErrorTableEntry *prev_err = errors[err->value];
        if (prev_err != nullptr) {
            ErrorMsg *msg = add_node_error(irb->codegen, err->decl_node, buf_sprintf("duplicate error: '%s'", buf_ptr(&err->name)));
            add_error_note(irb->codegen, msg, prev_err->decl_node, buf_sprintf("other error here"));
            return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }
        errors[err->value] = err;
    }
    free(errors);
    return ir_build_const_type(irb, parent_scope, node, err_set_type);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_fn_proto(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *parent_scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeFnProto);

    size_t param_count = node->data.fn_proto.params.length;
    IrInstruction **param_types = allocate<IrInstruction*>(param_count);

    bool is_var_args = false;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < param_count; i += 1) {
        AstNode *param_node = node->data.fn_proto.params.at(i);
        if (param_node->data.param_decl.is_var_args) {
            is_var_args = true;
            break;
        }
        if (param_node->data.param_decl.var_token == nullptr) {
            AstNode *type_node = param_node->data.param_decl.type;
            IrInstruction *type_value = ir_gen_node(irb, type_node, parent_scope);
            if (type_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            param_types[i] = type_value;
        } else {
            param_types[i] = nullptr;
        }
    }

    IrInstruction *align_value = nullptr;
    if (node->data.fn_proto.align_expr != nullptr) {
        align_value = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.fn_proto.align_expr, parent_scope);
        if (align_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    IrInstruction *async_allocator_type_value = nullptr;
    if (node->data.fn_proto.async_allocator_type != nullptr) {
        async_allocator_type_value = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.fn_proto.async_allocator_type, parent_scope);
        if (async_allocator_type_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    IrInstruction *return_type;
    if (node->data.fn_proto.return_var_token == nullptr) {
        if (node->data.fn_proto.return_type == nullptr) {
            return_type = ir_build_const_type(irb, parent_scope, node, irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void);
        } else {
            return_type = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.fn_proto.return_type, parent_scope);
            if (return_type == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }
    } else {
        return_type = nullptr;
    }

    IrInstruction *async_allocator_type_value = nullptr;
    if (node->data.fn_proto.async_allocator_type != nullptr) {
        async_allocator_type_value = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.fn_proto.async_allocator_type, parent_scope);
        if (async_allocator_type_value == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    return ir_build_fn_proto(irb, parent_scope, node, param_types, align_value, return_type, async_allocator_type_value, is_var_args);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_cancel(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *parent_scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeCancel);

    IrInstruction *target_inst = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.cancel_expr.expr, parent_scope);
    if (target_inst == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    return ir_build_cancel(irb, parent_scope, node, target_inst);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_resume(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *parent_scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeResume);

    IrInstruction *target_inst = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.resume_expr.expr, parent_scope);
    if (target_inst == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    return ir_build_coro_resume(irb, parent_scope, node, target_inst);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_await_expr(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *parent_scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeAwaitExpr);

    IrInstruction *target_inst = ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.await_expr.expr, parent_scope);
    if (target_inst == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    FnTableEntry *fn_entry = exec_fn_entry(irb->exec);
    if (!fn_entry) {
        add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("await outside function definition"));
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }
    if (fn_entry->type_entry->data.fn.fn_type_id.cc != CallingConventionAsync) {
        add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("await in non-async function"));
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    ScopeDeferExpr *scope_defer_expr = get_scope_defer_expr(parent_scope);
    if (scope_defer_expr) {
        if (!scope_defer_expr->reported_err) {
            add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("cannot await inside defer expression"));
            scope_defer_expr->reported_err = true;
        }
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    Scope *outer_scope = irb->exec->begin_scope;

    IrInstruction *coro_promise_ptr = ir_build_coro_promise(irb, parent_scope, node, target_inst);
    Buf *result_ptr_field_name = buf_create_from_str(RESULT_PTR_FIELD_NAME);
    IrInstruction *result_ptr_field_ptr = ir_build_field_ptr(irb, parent_scope, node, coro_promise_ptr, result_ptr_field_name);

    if (irb->codegen->have_err_ret_tracing) {
        IrInstruction *err_ret_trace_ptr = ir_build_error_return_trace(irb, parent_scope, node, IrInstructionErrorReturnTrace::NonNull);
        Buf *err_ret_trace_ptr_field_name = buf_create_from_str(ERR_RET_TRACE_PTR_FIELD_NAME);
        IrInstruction *err_ret_trace_ptr_field_ptr = ir_build_field_ptr(irb, parent_scope, node, coro_promise_ptr, err_ret_trace_ptr_field_name);
        ir_build_store_ptr(irb, parent_scope, node, err_ret_trace_ptr_field_ptr, err_ret_trace_ptr);
    }

    Buf *awaiter_handle_field_name = buf_create_from_str(AWAITER_HANDLE_FIELD_NAME);
    IrInstruction *awaiter_field_ptr = ir_build_field_ptr(irb, parent_scope, node, coro_promise_ptr,
            awaiter_handle_field_name);

    IrInstruction *const_bool_false = ir_build_const_bool(irb, parent_scope, node, false);
    VariableTableEntry *result_var = ir_create_var(irb, node, parent_scope, nullptr,
            false, false, true, const_bool_false);
    IrInstruction *undefined_value = ir_build_const_undefined(irb, parent_scope, node);
    IrInstruction *target_promise_type = ir_build_typeof(irb, parent_scope, node, target_inst);
    IrInstruction *promise_result_type = ir_build_promise_result_type(irb, parent_scope, node, target_promise_type);
    ir_build_await_bookkeeping(irb, parent_scope, node, promise_result_type);
    ir_build_var_decl(irb, parent_scope, node, result_var, promise_result_type, nullptr, undefined_value);
    IrInstruction *my_result_var_ptr = ir_build_var_ptr(irb, parent_scope, node, result_var, false, false);
    ir_build_store_ptr(irb, parent_scope, node, result_ptr_field_ptr, my_result_var_ptr);
    IrInstruction *save_token = ir_build_coro_save(irb, parent_scope, node, irb->exec->coro_handle);
    IrInstruction *promise_type_val = ir_build_const_type(irb, parent_scope, node,
            get_maybe_type(irb->codegen, irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_promise));
    IrInstruction *maybe_await_handle = ir_build_atomic_rmw(irb, parent_scope, node, 
            promise_type_val, awaiter_field_ptr, nullptr, irb->exec->coro_handle, nullptr,
            AtomicRmwOp_xchg, AtomicOrderSeqCst);
    IrInstruction *is_non_null = ir_build_test_nonnull(irb, parent_scope, node, maybe_await_handle);
    IrBasicBlock *yes_suspend_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, parent_scope, "YesSuspend");
    IrBasicBlock *no_suspend_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, parent_scope, "NoSuspend");
    IrBasicBlock *merge_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, parent_scope, "MergeSuspend");
    ir_build_cond_br(irb, parent_scope, node, is_non_null, no_suspend_block, yes_suspend_block, const_bool_false);

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, no_suspend_block);
    if (irb->codegen->have_err_ret_tracing) {
        Buf *err_ret_trace_field_name = buf_create_from_str(ERR_RET_TRACE_FIELD_NAME);
        IrInstruction *src_err_ret_trace_ptr = ir_build_field_ptr(irb, parent_scope, node, coro_promise_ptr, err_ret_trace_field_name);
        IrInstruction *dest_err_ret_trace_ptr = ir_build_error_return_trace(irb, parent_scope, node, IrInstructionErrorReturnTrace::NonNull);
        ir_build_merge_err_ret_traces(irb, parent_scope, node, coro_promise_ptr, src_err_ret_trace_ptr, dest_err_ret_trace_ptr);
    }
    Buf *result_field_name = buf_create_from_str(RESULT_FIELD_NAME);
    IrInstruction *promise_result_ptr = ir_build_field_ptr(irb, parent_scope, node, coro_promise_ptr, result_field_name);
    IrInstruction *no_suspend_result = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, parent_scope, node, promise_result_ptr);
    ir_build_cancel(irb, parent_scope, node, target_inst);
    ir_build_br(irb, parent_scope, node, merge_block, const_bool_false);

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, yes_suspend_block);
    IrInstruction *suspend_code = ir_build_coro_suspend(irb, parent_scope, node, save_token, const_bool_false);
    IrBasicBlock *cleanup_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, parent_scope, "SuspendCleanup");
    IrBasicBlock *resume_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, parent_scope, "SuspendResume");

    IrInstructionSwitchBrCase *cases = allocate<IrInstructionSwitchBrCase>(2);
    cases[0].value = ir_build_const_u8(irb, parent_scope, node, 0);
    cases[0].block = resume_block;
    cases[1].value = ir_build_const_u8(irb, parent_scope, node, 1);
    cases[1].block = cleanup_block;
    ir_build_switch_br(irb, parent_scope, node, suspend_code, irb->exec->coro_suspend_block,
            2, cases, const_bool_false);

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, cleanup_block);
    ir_gen_defers_for_block(irb, parent_scope, outer_scope, true);
    ir_build_br(irb, parent_scope, node, irb->exec->coro_final_cleanup_block, const_bool_false);

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, resume_block);
    IrInstruction *yes_suspend_result = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, parent_scope, node, my_result_var_ptr);
    ir_build_br(irb, parent_scope, node, merge_block, const_bool_false);

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, merge_block);
    IrBasicBlock **incoming_blocks = allocate<IrBasicBlock *>(2);
    IrInstruction **incoming_values = allocate<IrInstruction *>(2);
    incoming_blocks[0] = resume_block;
    incoming_values[0] = yes_suspend_result;
    incoming_blocks[1] = no_suspend_block;
    incoming_values[1] = no_suspend_result;
    return ir_build_phi(irb, parent_scope, node, 2, incoming_blocks, incoming_values);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_suspend(IrBuilder *irb, Scope *parent_scope, AstNode *node) {
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeSuspend);

    FnTableEntry *fn_entry = exec_fn_entry(irb->exec);
    if (!fn_entry) {
        add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("suspend outside function definition"));
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }
    if (fn_entry->type_entry->data.fn.fn_type_id.cc != CallingConventionAsync) {
        add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("suspend in non-async function"));
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    ScopeDeferExpr *scope_defer_expr = get_scope_defer_expr(parent_scope);
    if (scope_defer_expr) {
        if (!scope_defer_expr->reported_err) {
            add_node_error(irb->codegen, node, buf_sprintf("cannot suspend inside defer expression"));
            scope_defer_expr->reported_err = true;
        }
        return irb->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    Scope *outer_scope = irb->exec->begin_scope;


    IrInstruction *suspend_code;
    IrInstruction *const_bool_false = ir_build_const_bool(irb, parent_scope, node, false);
    if (node->data.suspend.block == nullptr) {
        suspend_code = ir_build_coro_suspend(irb, parent_scope, node, nullptr, const_bool_false);
    } else {
        assert(node->data.suspend.promise_symbol != nullptr);
        assert(node->data.suspend.promise_symbol->type == NodeTypeSymbol);
        Buf *promise_symbol_name = node->data.suspend.promise_symbol->data.symbol_expr.symbol;
        Scope *child_scope;
        if (!buf_eql_str(promise_symbol_name, "_")) {
            VariableTableEntry *promise_var = ir_create_var(irb, node, parent_scope, promise_symbol_name,
                    true, true, false, const_bool_false);
            ir_build_var_decl(irb, parent_scope, node, promise_var, nullptr, nullptr, irb->exec->coro_handle);
            child_scope = promise_var->child_scope;
        } else {
            child_scope = parent_scope;
        }
        IrInstruction *save_token = ir_build_coro_save(irb, child_scope, node, irb->exec->coro_handle);
        ir_gen_node(irb, node->data.suspend.block, child_scope);
        suspend_code = ir_build_coro_suspend(irb, parent_scope, node, save_token, const_bool_false);
    }

    IrBasicBlock *cleanup_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, parent_scope, "SuspendCleanup");
    IrBasicBlock *resume_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, parent_scope, "SuspendResume");

    IrInstructionSwitchBrCase *cases = allocate<IrInstructionSwitchBrCase>(2);
    cases[0].value = ir_build_const_u8(irb, parent_scope, node, 0);
    cases[0].block = resume_block;
    cases[1].value = ir_build_const_u8(irb, parent_scope, node, 1);
    cases[1].block = cleanup_block;
    ir_build_switch_br(irb, parent_scope, node, suspend_code, irb->exec->coro_suspend_block,
            2, cases, const_bool_false);

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, cleanup_block);
    ir_gen_defers_for_block(irb, parent_scope, outer_scope, true);
    ir_build_br(irb, parent_scope, node, irb->exec->coro_final_cleanup_block, const_bool_false);

    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, resume_block);
    return ir_build_const_void(irb, parent_scope, node);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_node_raw(IrBuilder *irb, AstNode *node, Scope *scope,
        LVal lval)
{
    assert(scope);
    switch (node->type) {
        case NodeTypeStructValueField:
        case NodeTypeRoot:
        case NodeTypeParamDecl:
        case NodeTypeUse:
        case NodeTypeSwitchProng:
        case NodeTypeSwitchRange:
        case NodeTypeStructField:
        case NodeTypeFnDef:
        case NodeTypeTestDecl:
            zig_unreachable();
        case NodeTypeBlock:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_block(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeGroupedExpr:
            return ir_gen_node_raw(irb, node->data.grouped_expr, scope, lval);
        case NodeTypeBinOpExpr:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_bin_op(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeIntLiteral:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_int_lit(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeFloatLiteral:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_float_lit(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeCharLiteral:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_char_lit(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeSymbol:
            return ir_gen_symbol(irb, scope, node, lval);
        case NodeTypeFnCallExpr:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_fn_call(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeIfBoolExpr:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_if_bool_expr(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypePrefixOpExpr:
            return ir_gen_prefix_op_expr(irb, scope, node, lval);
        case NodeTypeAddrOfExpr:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_address_of(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeContainerInitExpr:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_container_init_expr(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeVariableDeclaration:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_var_decl(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeWhileExpr:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_while_expr(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeForExpr:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_for_expr(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeArrayAccessExpr:
            return ir_gen_array_access(irb, scope, node, lval);
        case NodeTypeReturnExpr:
            return ir_gen_return(irb, scope, node, lval);
        case NodeTypeFieldAccessExpr:
            return ir_gen_field_access(irb, scope, node, lval);
        case NodeTypeThisLiteral:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_this_literal(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeBoolLiteral:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_bool_literal(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeArrayType:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_array_type(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypePromiseType:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_promise_type(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeStringLiteral:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_string_literal(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeUndefinedLiteral:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_undefined_literal(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeAsmExpr:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_asm_expr(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeNullLiteral:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_null_literal(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeIfErrorExpr:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_if_err_expr(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeTestExpr:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_test_expr(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeSwitchExpr:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_switch_expr(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeCompTime:
            return ir_gen_comptime(irb, scope, node, lval);
        case NodeTypeErrorType:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_error_type(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeBreak:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_break(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeContinue:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_continue(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeUnreachable:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_build_unreachable(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeDefer:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_defer(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeSliceExpr:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_slice(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeUnwrapErrorExpr:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_err_ok_or(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeContainerDecl:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_container_decl(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeFnProto:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_fn_proto(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeErrorSetDecl:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_err_set_decl(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeCancel:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_cancel(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeResume:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_resume(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeAwaitExpr:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_await_expr(irb, scope, node), lval);
        case NodeTypeSuspend:
            return ir_lval_wrap(irb, scope, ir_gen_suspend(irb, scope, node), lval);
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_node_extra(IrBuilder *irb, AstNode *node, Scope *scope, LVal lval) {
    IrInstruction *result = ir_gen_node_raw(irb, node, scope, lval);
    irb->exec->invalid = irb->exec->invalid || (result == irb->codegen->invalid_instruction);
    return result;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_gen_node(IrBuilder *irb, AstNode *node, Scope *scope) {
    return ir_gen_node_extra(irb, node, scope, LVAL_NONE);
}

static void invalidate_exec(IrExecutable *exec) {
    if (exec->invalid)
        return;

    exec->invalid = true;

    for (size_t i = 0; i < exec->tld_list.length; i += 1) {
        exec->tld_list.items[i]->resolution = TldResolutionInvalid;
    }

    if (exec->source_exec != nullptr)
        invalidate_exec(exec->source_exec);
}


bool ir_gen(CodeGen *codegen, AstNode *node, Scope *scope, IrExecutable *ir_executable) {
    assert(node->owner);

    IrBuilder ir_builder = {0};
    IrBuilder *irb = &ir_builder;

    irb->codegen = codegen;
    irb->exec = ir_executable;

    IrBasicBlock *entry_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "Entry");
    ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, entry_block);
    // Entry block gets a reference because we enter it to begin.
    ir_ref_bb(irb->current_basic_block);

    FnTableEntry *fn_entry = exec_fn_entry(irb->exec);
    bool is_async = fn_entry != nullptr && fn_entry->type_entry->data.fn.fn_type_id.cc == CallingConventionAsync;
    IrInstruction *coro_id;
    IrInstruction *u8_ptr_type;
    IrInstruction *const_bool_false;
    IrInstruction *coro_promise_ptr;
    IrInstruction *err_ret_trace_ptr;
    TypeTableEntry *return_type;
    Buf *result_ptr_field_name;
    VariableTableEntry *coro_size_var;
    if (is_async) {
        // create the coro promise
        Scope *coro_scope = create_coro_prelude_scope(node, scope);
        const_bool_false = ir_build_const_bool(irb, coro_scope, node, false);
        VariableTableEntry *promise_var = ir_create_var(irb, node, coro_scope, nullptr, false, false, true, const_bool_false);

        return_type = fn_entry->type_entry->data.fn.fn_type_id.return_type;
        IrInstruction *undef = ir_build_const_undefined(irb, coro_scope, node);
        TypeTableEntry *coro_frame_type = get_promise_frame_type(irb->codegen, return_type);
        IrInstruction *coro_frame_type_value = ir_build_const_type(irb, coro_scope, node, coro_frame_type);
        // TODO mark this var decl as "no safety" e.g. disable initializing the undef value to 0xaa
        ir_build_var_decl(irb, coro_scope, node, promise_var, coro_frame_type_value, nullptr, undef);
        coro_promise_ptr = ir_build_var_ptr(irb, coro_scope, node, promise_var, false, false);

        VariableTableEntry *await_handle_var = ir_create_var(irb, node, coro_scope, nullptr, false, false, true, const_bool_false);
        IrInstruction *null_value = ir_build_const_null(irb, coro_scope, node);
        IrInstruction *await_handle_type_val = ir_build_const_type(irb, coro_scope, node,
                get_maybe_type(irb->codegen, irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_promise));
        ir_build_var_decl(irb, coro_scope, node, await_handle_var, await_handle_type_val, nullptr, null_value);
        irb->exec->await_handle_var_ptr = ir_build_var_ptr(irb, coro_scope, node,
                await_handle_var, false, false);

        u8_ptr_type = ir_build_const_type(irb, coro_scope, node,
                get_pointer_to_type(irb->codegen, irb->codegen->builtin_types.entry_u8, false));
        IrInstruction *promise_as_u8_ptr = ir_build_ptr_cast(irb, coro_scope, node, u8_ptr_type, coro_promise_ptr);
        coro_id = ir_build_coro_id(irb, coro_scope, node, promise_as_u8_ptr);
        coro_size_var = ir_create_var(irb, node, coro_scope, nullptr, false, false, true, const_bool_false);
        IrInstruction *coro_size = ir_build_coro_size(irb, coro_scope, node);
        ir_build_var_decl(irb, coro_scope, node, coro_size_var, nullptr, nullptr, coro_size);
        IrInstruction *implicit_allocator_ptr = ir_build_get_implicit_allocator(irb, coro_scope, node,
                ImplicitAllocatorIdArg);
        irb->exec->coro_allocator_var = ir_create_var(irb, node, coro_scope, nullptr, true, true, true, const_bool_false);
        ir_build_var_decl(irb, coro_scope, node, irb->exec->coro_allocator_var, nullptr, nullptr, implicit_allocator_ptr);
        Buf *alloc_field_name = buf_create_from_str(ASYNC_ALLOC_FIELD_NAME);
        IrInstruction *alloc_fn_ptr = ir_build_field_ptr(irb, coro_scope, node, implicit_allocator_ptr, alloc_field_name);
        IrInstruction *alloc_fn = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, coro_scope, node, alloc_fn_ptr);
        IrInstruction *maybe_coro_mem_ptr = ir_build_coro_alloc_helper(irb, coro_scope, node, alloc_fn, coro_size);
        IrInstruction *alloc_result_is_ok = ir_build_test_nonnull(irb, coro_scope, node, maybe_coro_mem_ptr);
        IrBasicBlock *alloc_err_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, coro_scope, "AllocError");
        IrBasicBlock *alloc_ok_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, coro_scope, "AllocOk");
        ir_build_cond_br(irb, coro_scope, node, alloc_result_is_ok, alloc_ok_block, alloc_err_block, const_bool_false);

        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, alloc_err_block);
        // we can return undefined here, because the caller passes a pointer to the error struct field
        // in the error union result, and we populate it in case of allocation failure.
        ir_build_return(irb, coro_scope, node, undef);

        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, alloc_ok_block);
        IrInstruction *coro_mem_ptr = ir_build_ptr_cast(irb, coro_scope, node, u8_ptr_type, maybe_coro_mem_ptr);
        irb->exec->coro_handle = ir_build_coro_begin(irb, coro_scope, node, coro_id, coro_mem_ptr);

        Buf *awaiter_handle_field_name = buf_create_from_str(AWAITER_HANDLE_FIELD_NAME);
        irb->exec->coro_awaiter_field_ptr = ir_build_field_ptr(irb, scope, node, coro_promise_ptr,
                awaiter_handle_field_name);
        ir_build_store_ptr(irb, scope, node, irb->exec->coro_awaiter_field_ptr, null_value);
        Buf *result_field_name = buf_create_from_str(RESULT_FIELD_NAME);
        irb->exec->coro_result_field_ptr = ir_build_field_ptr(irb, scope, node, coro_promise_ptr, result_field_name);
        result_ptr_field_name = buf_create_from_str(RESULT_PTR_FIELD_NAME);
        irb->exec->coro_result_ptr_field_ptr = ir_build_field_ptr(irb, scope, node, coro_promise_ptr, result_ptr_field_name);
        ir_build_store_ptr(irb, scope, node, irb->exec->coro_result_ptr_field_ptr, irb->exec->coro_result_field_ptr);
        if (irb->codegen->have_err_ret_tracing) {
            // initialize the error return trace
            Buf *return_addresses_field_name = buf_create_from_str(RETURN_ADDRESSES_FIELD_NAME);
            IrInstruction *return_addresses_ptr = ir_build_field_ptr(irb, scope, node, coro_promise_ptr, return_addresses_field_name);

            Buf *err_ret_trace_field_name = buf_create_from_str(ERR_RET_TRACE_FIELD_NAME);
            err_ret_trace_ptr = ir_build_field_ptr(irb, scope, node, coro_promise_ptr, err_ret_trace_field_name);
            ir_build_mark_err_ret_trace_ptr(irb, scope, node, err_ret_trace_ptr);

            // coordinate with builtin.zig
            Buf *index_name = buf_create_from_str("index");
            IrInstruction *index_ptr = ir_build_field_ptr(irb, scope, node, err_ret_trace_ptr, index_name);
            IrInstruction *zero = ir_build_const_usize(irb, scope, node, 0);
            ir_build_store_ptr(irb, scope, node, index_ptr, zero);

            Buf *instruction_addresses_name = buf_create_from_str("instruction_addresses");
            IrInstruction *addrs_slice_ptr = ir_build_field_ptr(irb, scope, node, err_ret_trace_ptr, instruction_addresses_name);

            IrInstruction *slice_value = ir_build_slice(irb, scope, node, return_addresses_ptr, zero, nullptr, false);
            ir_build_store_ptr(irb, scope, node, addrs_slice_ptr, slice_value);
        }


        irb->exec->coro_early_final = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "CoroEarlyFinal");
        irb->exec->coro_normal_final = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "CoroNormalFinal");
        irb->exec->coro_suspend_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "Suspend");
        irb->exec->coro_final_cleanup_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "FinalCleanup");
    }

    IrInstruction *result = ir_gen_node_extra(irb, node, scope, LVAL_NONE);
    assert(result);
    if (irb->exec->invalid)
        return false;

    if (!instr_is_unreachable(result)) {
        // no need for save_err_ret_addr because this cannot return error
        ir_gen_async_return(irb, scope, result->source_node, result, true);
    }

    if (is_async) {
        IrBasicBlock *invalid_resume_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "InvalidResume");
        IrBasicBlock *check_free_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "CheckFree");

        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, irb->exec->coro_early_final);
        IrInstruction *const_bool_true = ir_build_const_bool(irb, scope, node, true);
        IrInstruction *suspend_code = ir_build_coro_suspend(irb, scope, node, nullptr, const_bool_true);
        IrInstructionSwitchBrCase *cases = allocate<IrInstructionSwitchBrCase>(2);
        cases[0].value = ir_build_const_u8(irb, scope, node, 0);
        cases[0].block = invalid_resume_block;
        cases[1].value = ir_build_const_u8(irb, scope, node, 1);
        cases[1].block = irb->exec->coro_final_cleanup_block;
        ir_build_switch_br(irb, scope, node, suspend_code, irb->exec->coro_suspend_block, 2, cases, const_bool_false);

        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, irb->exec->coro_suspend_block);
        ir_build_coro_end(irb, scope, node);
        ir_build_return(irb, scope, node, irb->exec->coro_handle);

        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, invalid_resume_block);
        ir_build_unreachable(irb, scope, node);

        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, irb->exec->coro_normal_final);
        if (type_has_bits(return_type)) {
            IrInstruction *result_ptr = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, node, irb->exec->coro_result_ptr_field_ptr);
            IrInstruction *result_ptr_as_u8_ptr = ir_build_ptr_cast(irb, scope, node, u8_ptr_type, result_ptr);
            IrInstruction *return_value_ptr_as_u8_ptr = ir_build_ptr_cast(irb, scope, node, u8_ptr_type,
                    irb->exec->coro_result_field_ptr);
            IrInstruction *return_type_inst = ir_build_const_type(irb, scope, node,
                    fn_entry->type_entry->data.fn.fn_type_id.return_type);
            IrInstruction *size_of_ret_val = ir_build_size_of(irb, scope, node, return_type_inst);
            ir_build_memcpy(irb, scope, node, result_ptr_as_u8_ptr, return_value_ptr_as_u8_ptr, size_of_ret_val);
        }
        if (irb->codegen->have_err_ret_tracing) {
            Buf *err_ret_trace_ptr_field_name = buf_create_from_str(ERR_RET_TRACE_PTR_FIELD_NAME);
            IrInstruction *err_ret_trace_ptr_field_ptr = ir_build_field_ptr(irb, scope, node, coro_promise_ptr, err_ret_trace_ptr_field_name);
            IrInstruction *dest_err_ret_trace_ptr = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, node, err_ret_trace_ptr_field_ptr);
            ir_build_merge_err_ret_traces(irb, scope, node, coro_promise_ptr, err_ret_trace_ptr, dest_err_ret_trace_ptr);
        }
        ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, check_free_block, const_bool_false);

        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, irb->exec->coro_final_cleanup_block);
        ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, check_free_block, const_bool_false);

        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, check_free_block);
        IrBasicBlock **incoming_blocks = allocate<IrBasicBlock *>(2);
        IrInstruction **incoming_values = allocate<IrInstruction *>(2);
        incoming_blocks[0] = irb->exec->coro_final_cleanup_block;
        incoming_values[0] = const_bool_false;
        incoming_blocks[1] = irb->exec->coro_normal_final;
        incoming_values[1] = const_bool_true;
        IrInstruction *resume_awaiter = ir_build_phi(irb, scope, node, 2, incoming_blocks, incoming_values);

        Buf *free_field_name = buf_create_from_str(ASYNC_FREE_FIELD_NAME);
        IrInstruction *implicit_allocator_ptr = ir_build_get_implicit_allocator(irb, scope, node,
                ImplicitAllocatorIdLocalVar);
        IrInstruction *free_fn_ptr = ir_build_field_ptr(irb, scope, node, implicit_allocator_ptr, free_field_name);
        IrInstruction *free_fn = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, node, free_fn_ptr);
        IrInstruction *zero = ir_build_const_usize(irb, scope, node, 0);
        IrInstruction *coro_mem_ptr_maybe = ir_build_coro_free(irb, scope, node, coro_id, irb->exec->coro_handle);
        IrInstruction *coro_mem_ptr = ir_build_ptr_cast(irb, scope, node, u8_ptr_type, coro_mem_ptr_maybe);
        IrInstruction *coro_mem_ptr_ref = ir_build_ref(irb, scope, node, coro_mem_ptr, true, false);
        IrInstruction *coro_size_ptr = ir_build_var_ptr(irb, scope, node, coro_size_var, true, false);
        IrInstruction *coro_size = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, node, coro_size_ptr);
        IrInstruction *mem_slice = ir_build_slice(irb, scope, node, coro_mem_ptr_ref, zero, coro_size, false);
        size_t arg_count = 2;
        IrInstruction **args = allocate<IrInstruction *>(arg_count);
        args[0] = implicit_allocator_ptr; // self
        args[1] = mem_slice; // old_mem
        ir_build_call(irb, scope, node, nullptr, free_fn, arg_count, args, false, FnInlineAuto, false, nullptr);

        IrBasicBlock *resume_block = ir_create_basic_block(irb, scope, "Resume");
        ir_build_cond_br(irb, scope, node, resume_awaiter, resume_block, irb->exec->coro_suspend_block, const_bool_false);

        ir_set_cursor_at_end_and_append_block(irb, resume_block);
        IrInstruction *unwrapped_await_handle_ptr = ir_build_unwrap_maybe(irb, scope, node,
                irb->exec->await_handle_var_ptr, false);
        IrInstruction *awaiter_handle = ir_build_load_ptr(irb, scope, node, unwrapped_await_handle_ptr);
        ir_build_coro_resume(irb, scope, node, awaiter_handle);
        ir_build_br(irb, scope, node, irb->exec->coro_suspend_block, const_bool_false);
    }

    return true;
}

bool ir_gen_fn(CodeGen *codegen, FnTableEntry *fn_entry) {
    assert(fn_entry);

    IrExecutable *ir_executable = &fn_entry->ir_executable;
    AstNode *body_node = fn_entry->body_node;

    assert(fn_entry->child_scope);

    return ir_gen(codegen, body_node, fn_entry->child_scope, ir_executable);
}

static void add_call_stack_errors(CodeGen *codegen, IrExecutable *exec, ErrorMsg *err_msg, int limit) {
    if (!exec || !exec->source_node || limit < 0) return;
    add_error_note(codegen, err_msg, exec->source_node, buf_sprintf("called from here"));

    add_call_stack_errors(codegen, exec->parent_exec, err_msg, limit - 1);
}

static ErrorMsg *exec_add_error_node(CodeGen *codegen, IrExecutable *exec, AstNode *source_node, Buf *msg) {
    invalidate_exec(exec);
    ErrorMsg *err_msg = add_node_error(codegen, source_node, msg);
    if (exec->parent_exec) {
        add_call_stack_errors(codegen, exec, err_msg, 10);
    }
    return err_msg;
}

static ErrorMsg *ir_add_error_node(IrAnalyze *ira, AstNode *source_node, Buf *msg) {
    return exec_add_error_node(ira->codegen, ira->new_irb.exec, source_node, msg);
}

static ErrorMsg *ir_add_error(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instruction, Buf *msg) {
    return ir_add_error_node(ira, source_instruction->source_node, msg);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_exec_const_result(CodeGen *codegen, IrExecutable *exec) {
    IrBasicBlock *bb = exec->basic_block_list.at(0);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < bb->instruction_list.length; i += 1) {
        IrInstruction *instruction = bb->instruction_list.at(i);
        if (instruction->id == IrInstructionIdReturn) {
            IrInstructionReturn *ret_inst = (IrInstructionReturn *)instruction;
            IrInstruction *value = ret_inst->value;
            if (value->value.special == ConstValSpecialRuntime) {
                exec_add_error_node(codegen, exec, value->source_node,
                        buf_sprintf("unable to evaluate constant expression"));
                return codegen->invalid_instruction;
            }
            return value;
        } else if (ir_has_side_effects(instruction)) {
            exec_add_error_node(codegen, exec, instruction->source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("unable to evaluate constant expression"));
            return codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }
    }
    return codegen->invalid_instruction;
}

static bool ir_emit_global_runtime_side_effect(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instruction) {
    if (ir_should_inline(ira->new_irb.exec, source_instruction->scope)) {
        ir_add_error(ira, source_instruction, buf_sprintf("unable to evaluate constant expression"));
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

static bool const_val_fits_in_num_lit(ConstExprValue *const_val, TypeTableEntry *num_lit_type) {
    return ((num_lit_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat &&
        (const_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat || const_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat)) ||
               (num_lit_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt &&
        (const_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt || const_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt)));
}

static bool float_has_fraction(ConstExprValue *const_val) {
    if (const_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        return bigfloat_has_fraction(&const_val->data.x_bigfloat);
    } else if (const_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (const_val->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                return floorf(const_val->data.x_f32) != const_val->data.x_f32;
            case 64:
                return floor(const_val->data.x_f64) != const_val->data.x_f64;
            case 128:
                {
                    float128_t floored;
                    f128M_roundToInt(&const_val->data.x_f128, softfloat_round_minMag, false, &floored);
                    return !f128M_eq(&floored, &const_val->data.x_f128);
                }
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static void float_append_buf(Buf *buf, ConstExprValue *const_val) {
    if (const_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        bigfloat_append_buf(buf, &const_val->data.x_bigfloat);
    } else if (const_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (const_val->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                buf_appendf(buf, "%f", const_val->data.x_f32);
                break;
            case 64:
                buf_appendf(buf, "%f", const_val->data.x_f64);
                break;
            case 128:
                {
                    // TODO actual implementation
                    const size_t extra_len = 100;
                    size_t old_len = buf_len(buf);
                    buf_resize(buf, old_len + extra_len);

                    float64_t f64_value = f128M_to_f64(&const_val->data.x_f128);
                    double double_value;
                    memcpy(&double_value, &f64_value, sizeof(double));

                    int len = snprintf(buf_ptr(buf) + old_len, extra_len, "%f", double_value);
                    assert(len > 0);
                    buf_resize(buf, old_len + len);
                    break;
                }
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static void float_init_bigint(BigInt *bigint, ConstExprValue *const_val) {
    if (const_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        bigint_init_bigfloat(bigint, &const_val->data.x_bigfloat);
    } else if (const_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (const_val->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                if (const_val->data.x_f32 >= 0) {
                    bigint_init_unsigned(bigint, (uint64_t)(const_val->data.x_f32));
                } else {
                    bigint_init_unsigned(bigint, (uint64_t)(-const_val->data.x_f32));
                    bigint->is_negative = true;
                }
                break;
            case 64:
                if (const_val->data.x_f64 >= 0) {
                    bigint_init_unsigned(bigint, (uint64_t)(const_val->data.x_f64));
                } else {
                    bigint_init_unsigned(bigint, (uint64_t)(-const_val->data.x_f64));
                    bigint->is_negative = true;
                }
                break;
            case 128:
                {
                    BigFloat tmp_float;
                    bigfloat_init_128(&tmp_float, const_val->data.x_f128);
                    bigint_init_bigfloat(bigint, &tmp_float);
                }
                break;
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static void float_init_bigfloat(ConstExprValue *dest_val, BigFloat *bigfloat) {
    if (dest_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        bigfloat_init_bigfloat(&dest_val->data.x_bigfloat, bigfloat);
    } else if (dest_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (dest_val->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                dest_val->data.x_f32 = bigfloat_to_f32(bigfloat);
                break;
            case 64:
                dest_val->data.x_f64 = bigfloat_to_f64(bigfloat);
                break;
            case 128:
                dest_val->data.x_f128 = bigfloat_to_f128(bigfloat);
                break;
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static void float_init_f32(ConstExprValue *dest_val, float x) {
    if (dest_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        bigfloat_init_32(&dest_val->data.x_bigfloat, x);
    } else if (dest_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (dest_val->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                dest_val->data.x_f32 = x;
                break;
            case 64:
                dest_val->data.x_f64 = x;
                break;
            case 128:
                {
                    float32_t x_f32;
                    memcpy(&x_f32, &x, sizeof(float));
                    f32_to_f128M(x_f32, &dest_val->data.x_f128);
                    break;
                }
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static void float_init_f64(ConstExprValue *dest_val, double x) {
    if (dest_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        bigfloat_init_64(&dest_val->data.x_bigfloat, x);
    } else if (dest_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (dest_val->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                dest_val->data.x_f32 = x;
                break;
            case 64:
                dest_val->data.x_f64 = x;
                break;
            case 128:
                {
                    float64_t x_f64;
                    memcpy(&x_f64, &x, sizeof(double));
                    f64_to_f128M(x_f64, &dest_val->data.x_f128);
                    break;
                }
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static void float_init_f128(ConstExprValue *dest_val, float128_t x) {
    if (dest_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        bigfloat_init_128(&dest_val->data.x_bigfloat, x);
    } else if (dest_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (dest_val->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                {
                    float32_t f32_val = f128M_to_f32(&x);
                    memcpy(&dest_val->data.x_f32, &f32_val, sizeof(float));
                    break;
                }
            case 64:
                {
                    float64_t f64_val = f128M_to_f64(&x);
                    memcpy(&dest_val->data.x_f64, &f64_val, sizeof(double));
                    break;
                }
            case 128:
                {
                    memcpy(&dest_val->data.x_f128, &x, sizeof(float128_t));
                    break;
                }
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static void float_init_float(ConstExprValue *dest_val, ConstExprValue *src_val) {
    if (src_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        float_init_bigfloat(dest_val, &src_val->data.x_bigfloat);
    } else if (src_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (src_val->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                float_init_f32(dest_val, src_val->data.x_f32);
                break;
            case 64:
                float_init_f64(dest_val, src_val->data.x_f64);
                break;
            case 128:
                float_init_f128(dest_val, src_val->data.x_f128);
                break;
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static Cmp float_cmp(ConstExprValue *op1, ConstExprValue *op2) {
    assert(op1->type == op2->type);
    if (op1->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        return bigfloat_cmp(&op1->data.x_bigfloat, &op2->data.x_bigfloat);
    } else if (op1->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (op1->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                if (op1->data.x_f32 > op2->data.x_f32) {
                    return CmpGT;
                } else if (op1->data.x_f32 < op2->data.x_f32) {
                    return CmpLT;
                } else {
                    return CmpEQ;
                }
            case 64:
                if (op1->data.x_f64 > op2->data.x_f64) {
                    return CmpGT;
                } else if (op1->data.x_f64 < op2->data.x_f64) {
                    return CmpLT;
                } else {
                    return CmpEQ;
                }
            case 128:
                if (f128M_lt(&op1->data.x_f128, &op2->data.x_f128)) {
                    return CmpLT;
                } else if (f128M_eq(&op1->data.x_f128, &op2->data.x_f128)) {
                    return CmpEQ;
                } else {
                    return CmpGT;
                }
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static Cmp float_cmp_zero(ConstExprValue *op) {
    if (op->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        return bigfloat_cmp_zero(&op->data.x_bigfloat);
    } else if (op->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (op->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                if (op->data.x_f32 < 0.0) {
                    return CmpLT;
                } else if (op->data.x_f32 > 0.0) {
                    return CmpGT;
                } else {
                    return CmpEQ;
                }
            case 64:
                if (op->data.x_f64 < 0.0) {
                    return CmpLT;
                } else if (op->data.x_f64 > 0.0) {
                    return CmpGT;
                } else {
                    return CmpEQ;
                }
            case 128:
                float128_t zero_float;
                ui32_to_f128M(0, &zero_float);
                if (f128M_lt(&op->data.x_f128, &zero_float)) {
                    return CmpLT;
                } else if (f128M_eq(&op->data.x_f128, &zero_float)) {
                    return CmpEQ;
                } else {
                    return CmpGT;
                }
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static void float_add(ConstExprValue *out_val, ConstExprValue *op1, ConstExprValue *op2) {
    assert(op1->type == op2->type);
    out_val->type = op1->type;
    if (op1->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        bigfloat_add(&out_val->data.x_bigfloat, &op1->data.x_bigfloat, &op2->data.x_bigfloat);
    } else if (op1->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (op1->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                out_val->data.x_f32 =  op1->data.x_f32 + op2->data.x_f32;
                return;
            case 64:
                out_val->data.x_f64 =  op1->data.x_f64 + op2->data.x_f64;
                return;
            case 128:
                f128M_add(&op1->data.x_f128, &op2->data.x_f128, &out_val->data.x_f128);
                return;
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static void float_sub(ConstExprValue *out_val, ConstExprValue *op1, ConstExprValue *op2) {
    assert(op1->type == op2->type);
    out_val->type = op1->type;
    if (op1->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        bigfloat_sub(&out_val->data.x_bigfloat, &op1->data.x_bigfloat, &op2->data.x_bigfloat);
    } else if (op1->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (op1->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                out_val->data.x_f32 = op1->data.x_f32 - op2->data.x_f32;
                return;
            case 64:
                out_val->data.x_f64 = op1->data.x_f64 - op2->data.x_f64;
                return;
            case 128:
                f128M_sub(&op1->data.x_f128, &op2->data.x_f128, &out_val->data.x_f128);
                return;
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static void float_mul(ConstExprValue *out_val, ConstExprValue *op1, ConstExprValue *op2) {
    assert(op1->type == op2->type);
    out_val->type = op1->type;
    if (op1->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        bigfloat_mul(&out_val->data.x_bigfloat, &op1->data.x_bigfloat, &op2->data.x_bigfloat);
    } else if (op1->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (op1->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                out_val->data.x_f32 = op1->data.x_f32 * op2->data.x_f32;
                return;
            case 64:
                out_val->data.x_f64 = op1->data.x_f64 * op2->data.x_f64;
                return;
            case 128:
                f128M_mul(&op1->data.x_f128, &op2->data.x_f128, &out_val->data.x_f128);
                return;
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static void float_div(ConstExprValue *out_val, ConstExprValue *op1, ConstExprValue *op2) {
    assert(op1->type == op2->type);
    out_val->type = op1->type;
    if (op1->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        bigfloat_div(&out_val->data.x_bigfloat, &op1->data.x_bigfloat, &op2->data.x_bigfloat);
    } else if (op1->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (op1->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                out_val->data.x_f32 = op1->data.x_f32 / op2->data.x_f32;
                return;
            case 64:
                out_val->data.x_f64 = op1->data.x_f64 / op2->data.x_f64;
                return;
            case 128:
                f128M_div(&op1->data.x_f128, &op2->data.x_f128, &out_val->data.x_f128);
                return;
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static void float_div_trunc(ConstExprValue *out_val, ConstExprValue *op1, ConstExprValue *op2) {
    assert(op1->type == op2->type);
    out_val->type = op1->type;
    if (op1->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        bigfloat_div_trunc(&out_val->data.x_bigfloat, &op1->data.x_bigfloat, &op2->data.x_bigfloat);
    } else if (op1->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (op1->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                out_val->data.x_f32 = op1->data.x_f32 / op2->data.x_f32;
                if (out_val->data.x_f32 >= 0.0) {
                    out_val->data.x_f32 = floorf(out_val->data.x_f32);
                } else {
                    out_val->data.x_f32 = ceilf(out_val->data.x_f32);
                }
                return;
            case 64:
                out_val->data.x_f64 = op1->data.x_f64 / op2->data.x_f64;
                if (out_val->data.x_f64 >= 0.0) {
                    out_val->data.x_f64 = floor(out_val->data.x_f64);
                } else {
                    out_val->data.x_f64 = ceil(out_val->data.x_f64);
                }
                return;
            case 128:
                f128M_div(&op1->data.x_f128, &op2->data.x_f128, &out_val->data.x_f128);
                f128M_roundToInt(&out_val->data.x_f128, softfloat_round_minMag, false, &out_val->data.x_f128);
                return;
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static void float_div_floor(ConstExprValue *out_val, ConstExprValue *op1, ConstExprValue *op2) {
    assert(op1->type == op2->type);
    out_val->type = op1->type;
    if (op1->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        bigfloat_div_floor(&out_val->data.x_bigfloat, &op1->data.x_bigfloat, &op2->data.x_bigfloat);
    } else if (op1->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (op1->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                out_val->data.x_f32 = floorf(op1->data.x_f32 / op2->data.x_f32);
                return;
            case 64:
                out_val->data.x_f64 = floor(op1->data.x_f64 / op2->data.x_f64);
                return;
            case 128:
                f128M_div(&op1->data.x_f128, &op2->data.x_f128, &out_val->data.x_f128);
                f128M_roundToInt(&out_val->data.x_f128, softfloat_round_min, false, &out_val->data.x_f128);
                return;
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static void float_rem(ConstExprValue *out_val, ConstExprValue *op1, ConstExprValue *op2) {
    assert(op1->type == op2->type);
    out_val->type = op1->type;
    if (op1->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        bigfloat_rem(&out_val->data.x_bigfloat, &op1->data.x_bigfloat, &op2->data.x_bigfloat);
    } else if (op1->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (op1->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                out_val->data.x_f32 = fmodf(op1->data.x_f32, op2->data.x_f32);
                return;
            case 64:
                out_val->data.x_f64 = fmod(op1->data.x_f64, op2->data.x_f64);
                return;
            case 128:
                f128M_rem(&op1->data.x_f128, &op2->data.x_f128, &out_val->data.x_f128);
                return;
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static void float_mod(ConstExprValue *out_val, ConstExprValue *op1, ConstExprValue *op2) {
    assert(op1->type == op2->type);
    out_val->type = op1->type;
    if (op1->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        bigfloat_mod(&out_val->data.x_bigfloat, &op1->data.x_bigfloat, &op2->data.x_bigfloat);
    } else if (op1->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (op1->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                out_val->data.x_f32 = fmodf(fmodf(op1->data.x_f32, op2->data.x_f32) + op2->data.x_f32, op2->data.x_f32);
                return;
            case 64:
                out_val->data.x_f64 = fmod(fmod(op1->data.x_f64, op2->data.x_f64) + op2->data.x_f64, op2->data.x_f64);
                return;
            case 128:
                f128M_rem(&op1->data.x_f128, &op2->data.x_f128, &out_val->data.x_f128);
                f128M_add(&out_val->data.x_f128, &op2->data.x_f128, &out_val->data.x_f128);
                f128M_rem(&out_val->data.x_f128, &op2->data.x_f128, &out_val->data.x_f128);
                return;
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static void float_negate(ConstExprValue *out_val, ConstExprValue *op) {
    out_val->type = op->type;
    if (op->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        bigfloat_negate(&out_val->data.x_bigfloat, &op->data.x_bigfloat);
    } else if (op->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (op->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                out_val->data.x_f32 = -op->data.x_f32;
                return;
            case 64:
                out_val->data.x_f64 = -op->data.x_f64;
                return;
            case 128:
                float128_t zero_f128;
                ui32_to_f128M(0, &zero_f128);
                f128M_sub(&zero_f128, &op->data.x_f128, &out_val->data.x_f128);
                return;
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

void float_write_ieee597(ConstExprValue *op, uint8_t *buf, bool is_big_endian) {
    if (op->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (op->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                memcpy(buf, &op->data.x_f32, 4); // TODO wrong when compiler is big endian
                return;
            case 64:
                memcpy(buf, &op->data.x_f64, 8); // TODO wrong when compiler is big endian
                return;
            case 128:
                memcpy(buf, &op->data.x_f128, 16); // TODO wrong when compiler is big endian
                return;
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

void float_read_ieee597(ConstExprValue *val, uint8_t *buf, bool is_big_endian) {
    if (val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        switch (val->type->data.floating.bit_count) {
            case 32:
                memcpy(&val->data.x_f32, buf, 4); // TODO wrong when compiler is big endian
                return;
            case 64:
                memcpy(&val->data.x_f64, buf, 8); // TODO wrong when compiler is big endian
                return;
            case 128:
                memcpy(&val->data.x_f128, buf, 16); // TODO wrong when compiler is big endian
                return;
            default:
                zig_unreachable();
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static bool ir_num_lit_fits_in_other_type(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *instruction, TypeTableEntry *other_type,
        bool explicit_cast)
{
    if (type_is_invalid(other_type)) {
        return false;
    }

    ConstExprValue *const_val = &instruction->value;
    assert(const_val->special != ConstValSpecialRuntime);

    bool const_val_is_int = (const_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt ||
            const_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt);
    bool const_val_is_float = (const_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat ||
            const_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat);
    if (other_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
        return true;
    } else if (other_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt && const_val_is_int) {
        if (!other_type->data.integral.is_signed && const_val->data.x_bigint.is_negative) {
            Buf *val_buf = buf_alloc();
            bigint_append_buf(val_buf, &const_val->data.x_bigint, 10);
            ir_add_error(ira, instruction,
                buf_sprintf("cannot cast negative value %s to unsigned integer type '%s'",
                    buf_ptr(val_buf),
                    buf_ptr(&other_type->name)));
            return false;
        }
        if (bigint_fits_in_bits(&const_val->data.x_bigint, other_type->data.integral.bit_count,
                    other_type->data.integral.is_signed))
        {
            return true;
        }
    } else if (const_val_fits_in_num_lit(const_val, other_type)) {
        return true;
    } else if (other_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe) {
        TypeTableEntry *child_type = other_type->data.maybe.child_type;
        if (const_val_fits_in_num_lit(const_val, child_type)) {
            return true;
        } else if (child_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt && const_val_is_int) {
            if (!child_type->data.integral.is_signed && const_val->data.x_bigint.is_negative) {
                Buf *val_buf = buf_alloc();
                bigint_append_buf(val_buf, &const_val->data.x_bigint, 10);
                ir_add_error(ira, instruction,
                    buf_sprintf("cannot cast negative value %s to unsigned integer type '%s'",
                        buf_ptr(val_buf),
                        buf_ptr(&child_type->name)));
                return false;
            }
            if (bigint_fits_in_bits(&const_val->data.x_bigint,
                        child_type->data.integral.bit_count,
                        child_type->data.integral.is_signed))
            {
                return true;
            }
        } else if (child_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat && const_val_is_float) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    if (explicit_cast && (other_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt || other_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt) &&
        const_val_is_float)
    {
        if (float_has_fraction(const_val)) {
            Buf *val_buf = buf_alloc();
            float_append_buf(val_buf, const_val);

            ir_add_error(ira, instruction,
                buf_sprintf("fractional component prevents float value %s from being casted to type '%s'",
                    buf_ptr(val_buf),
                    buf_ptr(&other_type->name)));
            return false;
        } else {
            if (other_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt) {
                return true;
            } else {
                BigInt bigint;
                float_init_bigint(&bigint, const_val);
                if (bigint_fits_in_bits(&bigint, other_type->data.integral.bit_count,
                    other_type->data.integral.is_signed))
                {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    const char *num_lit_str;
    Buf *val_buf = buf_alloc();
    if (const_val_is_float) {
        num_lit_str = "float";
        float_append_buf(val_buf, const_val);
    } else {
        num_lit_str = "integer";
        bigint_append_buf(val_buf, &const_val->data.x_bigint, 10);
    }

    ir_add_error(ira, instruction,
        buf_sprintf("%s value %s cannot be implicitly casted to type '%s'",
            num_lit_str,
            buf_ptr(val_buf),
            buf_ptr(&other_type->name)));
    return false;
}

static bool is_slice(TypeTableEntry *type) {
    return type->id == TypeTableEntryIdStruct && type->data.structure.is_slice;
}

static bool slice_is_const(TypeTableEntry *type) {
    assert(is_slice(type));
    return type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry->data.pointer.is_const;
}

static bool resolve_inferred_error_set(IrAnalyze *ira, TypeTableEntry *err_set_type, AstNode *source_node) {
    assert(err_set_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet);
    FnTableEntry *infer_fn = err_set_type->data.error_set.infer_fn;
    if (infer_fn != nullptr) {
        if (infer_fn->anal_state == FnAnalStateInvalid) {
            return false;
        } else if (infer_fn->anal_state == FnAnalStateReady) {
            analyze_fn_body(ira->codegen, infer_fn);
            if (err_set_type->data.error_set.infer_fn != nullptr) {
                assert(ira->codegen->errors.length != 0);
                return false;
            }
        } else {
            ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                buf_sprintf("cannot resolve inferred error set '%s': function '%s' not fully analyzed yet",
                    buf_ptr(&err_set_type->name), buf_ptr(&err_set_type->data.error_set.infer_fn->symbol_name)));
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

static TypeTableEntry *get_error_set_intersection(IrAnalyze *ira, TypeTableEntry *set1, TypeTableEntry *set2,
        AstNode *source_node)
{
    assert(set1->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet);
    assert(set2->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet);

    if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, set1, source_node)) {
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
    if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, set2, source_node)) {
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
    if (type_is_global_error_set(set1)) {
        return set2;
    }
    if (type_is_global_error_set(set2)) {
        return set1;
    }
    ErrorTableEntry **errors = allocate<ErrorTableEntry *>(ira->codegen->errors_by_index.length);
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < set1->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
        ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = set1->data.error_set.errors[i];
        assert(errors[error_entry->value] == nullptr);
        errors[error_entry->value] = error_entry;
    }
    ZigList<ErrorTableEntry *> intersection_list = {};

    TypeTableEntry *err_set_type = new_type_table_entry(TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet);
    buf_resize(&err_set_type->name, 0);
    buf_appendf(&err_set_type->name, "error{");

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < set2->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
        ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = set2->data.error_set.errors[i];
        ErrorTableEntry *existing_entry = errors[error_entry->value];
        if (existing_entry != nullptr) {
            intersection_list.append(existing_entry);
            buf_appendf(&err_set_type->name, "%s,", buf_ptr(&existing_entry->name));
        }
    }
    free(errors);

    err_set_type->is_copyable = true;
    err_set_type->type_ref = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_global_error_set->type_ref;
    err_set_type->di_type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_global_error_set->di_type;
    err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count = intersection_list.length;
    err_set_type->data.error_set.errors = intersection_list.items;
    err_set_type->zero_bits = intersection_list.length == 0;

    buf_appendf(&err_set_type->name, "}");

    ira->codegen->error_di_types.append(&err_set_type->di_type);

    return err_set_type;
}


static ConstCastOnly types_match_const_cast_only(IrAnalyze *ira, TypeTableEntry *expected_type,
        TypeTableEntry *actual_type, AstNode *source_node)
{
    CodeGen *g = ira->codegen;
    ConstCastOnly result = {};
    result.id = ConstCastResultIdOk;

    if (expected_type == actual_type)
        return result;

    // pointer const
    if (expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer &&
        (!actual_type->data.pointer.is_const || expected_type->data.pointer.is_const) &&
        (!actual_type->data.pointer.is_volatile || expected_type->data.pointer.is_volatile) &&
        actual_type->data.pointer.bit_offset == expected_type->data.pointer.bit_offset &&
        actual_type->data.pointer.unaligned_bit_count == expected_type->data.pointer.unaligned_bit_count &&
        actual_type->data.pointer.alignment >= expected_type->data.pointer.alignment)
    {
        ConstCastOnly child = types_match_const_cast_only(ira, expected_type->data.pointer.child_type, actual_type->data.pointer.child_type, source_node);
        if (child.id != ConstCastResultIdOk) {
            result.id = ConstCastResultIdPointerChild;
            result.data.pointer_child = allocate_nonzero<ConstCastOnly>(1);
            *result.data.pointer_child = child;
        }
        return result;
    }

    // slice const
    if (is_slice(expected_type) && is_slice(actual_type)) {
        TypeTableEntry *actual_ptr_type = actual_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry;
        TypeTableEntry *expected_ptr_type = expected_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry;
        if ((!actual_ptr_type->data.pointer.is_const || expected_ptr_type->data.pointer.is_const) &&
            (!actual_ptr_type->data.pointer.is_volatile || expected_ptr_type->data.pointer.is_volatile) &&
            actual_ptr_type->data.pointer.bit_offset == expected_ptr_type->data.pointer.bit_offset &&
            actual_ptr_type->data.pointer.unaligned_bit_count == expected_ptr_type->data.pointer.unaligned_bit_count &&
            actual_ptr_type->data.pointer.alignment >= expected_ptr_type->data.pointer.alignment)
        {
            ConstCastOnly child = types_match_const_cast_only(ira, expected_ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type,
                    actual_ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type, source_node);
            if (child.id != ConstCastResultIdOk) {
                result.id = ConstCastResultIdSliceChild;
                result.data.slice_child = allocate_nonzero<ConstCastOnly>(1);
                *result.data.slice_child = child;
            }
            return result;
        }
    }

    // maybe
    if (expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe && actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe) {
        ConstCastOnly child = types_match_const_cast_only(ira, expected_type->data.maybe.child_type, actual_type->data.maybe.child_type, source_node);
        if (child.id != ConstCastResultIdOk) {
            result.id = ConstCastResultIdNullableChild;
            result.data.nullable_child = allocate_nonzero<ConstCastOnly>(1);
            *result.data.nullable_child = child;
        }
        return result;
    }

    // error union
    if (expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion && actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion) {
        ConstCastOnly payload_child = types_match_const_cast_only(ira, expected_type->data.error_union.payload_type, actual_type->data.error_union.payload_type, source_node);
        if (payload_child.id != ConstCastResultIdOk) {
            result.id = ConstCastResultIdErrorUnionPayload;
            result.data.error_union_payload = allocate_nonzero<ConstCastOnly>(1);
            *result.data.error_union_payload = payload_child;
            return result;
        }
        ConstCastOnly error_set_child = types_match_const_cast_only(ira, expected_type->data.error_union.err_set_type, actual_type->data.error_union.err_set_type, source_node);
        if (error_set_child.id != ConstCastResultIdOk) {
            result.id = ConstCastResultIdErrorUnionErrorSet;
            result.data.error_union_error_set = allocate_nonzero<ConstCastOnly>(1);
            *result.data.error_union_error_set = error_set_child;
            return result;
        }
        return result;
    }

    // error set
    if (expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet && actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet) {
        TypeTableEntry *contained_set = actual_type;
        TypeTableEntry *container_set = expected_type;

        // if the container set is inferred, then this will always work.
        if (container_set->data.error_set.infer_fn != nullptr) {
            return result;
        }
        // if the container set is the global one, it will always work.
        if (type_is_global_error_set(container_set)) {
            return result;
        }

        if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, contained_set, source_node)) {
            result.id = ConstCastResultIdUnresolvedInferredErrSet;
            return result;
        }

        if (type_is_global_error_set(contained_set)) {
            result.id = ConstCastResultIdErrSetGlobal;
            return result;
        }

        ErrorTableEntry **errors = allocate<ErrorTableEntry *>(g->errors_by_index.length);
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < container_set->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
            ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = container_set->data.error_set.errors[i];
            assert(errors[error_entry->value] == nullptr);
            errors[error_entry->value] = error_entry;
        }
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < contained_set->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
            ErrorTableEntry *contained_error_entry = contained_set->data.error_set.errors[i];
            ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = errors[contained_error_entry->value];
            if (error_entry == nullptr) {
                if (result.id == ConstCastResultIdOk) {
                    result.id = ConstCastResultIdErrSet;
                }
                result.data.error_set.missing_errors.append(contained_error_entry);
            }
        }
        free(errors);
        return result;
    }

    if (expected_type == ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_promise &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPromise)
    {
        return result;
    }

    // fn
    if (expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFn &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFn)
    {
        if (expected_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.alignment > actual_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.alignment) {
            result.id = ConstCastResultIdFnAlign;
            return result;
        }
        if (expected_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.cc != actual_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.cc) {
            result.id = ConstCastResultIdFnCC;
            return result;
        }
        if (expected_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.is_var_args != actual_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.is_var_args) {
            result.id = ConstCastResultIdFnVarArgs;
            return result;
        }
        if (expected_type->data.fn.is_generic != actual_type->data.fn.is_generic) {
            result.id = ConstCastResultIdFnIsGeneric;
            return result;
        }
        if (!expected_type->data.fn.is_generic &&
            actual_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.return_type->id != TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable)
        {
            ConstCastOnly child = types_match_const_cast_only(ira, expected_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.return_type, actual_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.return_type, source_node);
            if (child.id != ConstCastResultIdOk) {
                result.id = ConstCastResultIdFnReturnType;
                result.data.return_type = allocate_nonzero<ConstCastOnly>(1);
                *result.data.return_type = child;
                return result;
            }
        }
        if (!expected_type->data.fn.is_generic && expected_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.cc == CallingConventionAsync) {
            ConstCastOnly child = types_match_const_cast_only(ira, actual_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.async_allocator_type,
                    expected_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.async_allocator_type, source_node);
            if (child.id != ConstCastResultIdOk) {
                result.id = ConstCastResultIdAsyncAllocatorType;
                result.data.async_allocator_type = allocate_nonzero<ConstCastOnly>(1);
                *result.data.async_allocator_type = child;
                return result;
            }
        }
        if (expected_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.param_count != actual_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.param_count) {
            result.id = ConstCastResultIdFnArgCount;
            return result;
        }
        if (expected_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.next_param_index != actual_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.next_param_index) {
            result.id = ConstCastResultIdFnGenericArgCount;
            return result;
        }
        assert(expected_type->data.fn.is_generic ||
                expected_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.next_param_index  == expected_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.param_count);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < expected_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.next_param_index; i += 1) {
            // note it's reversed for parameters
            FnTypeParamInfo *actual_param_info = &actual_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.param_info[i];
            FnTypeParamInfo *expected_param_info = &expected_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.param_info[i];

            ConstCastOnly arg_child = types_match_const_cast_only(ira, actual_param_info->type, expected_param_info->type, source_node);
            if (arg_child.id != ConstCastResultIdOk) {
                result.id = ConstCastResultIdFnArg;
                result.data.fn_arg.arg_index = i;
                result.data.fn_arg.child = allocate_nonzero<ConstCastOnly>(1);
                *result.data.fn_arg.child = arg_child;
                return result;
            }

            if (expected_param_info->is_noalias != actual_param_info->is_noalias) {
                result.id = ConstCastResultIdFnArgNoAlias;
                result.data.arg_no_alias.arg_index = i;
                return result;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    result.id = ConstCastResultIdType;
    return result;
}

enum ImplicitCastMatchResult {
    ImplicitCastMatchResultNo,
    ImplicitCastMatchResultYes,
    ImplicitCastMatchResultReportedError,
};

static ImplicitCastMatchResult ir_types_match_with_implicit_cast(IrAnalyze *ira, TypeTableEntry *expected_type,
        TypeTableEntry *actual_type, IrInstruction *value)
{
    AstNode *source_node = value->source_node;
    ConstCastOnly const_cast_result = types_match_const_cast_only(ira, expected_type, actual_type, source_node);
    if (const_cast_result.id == ConstCastResultIdOk) {
        return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
    }

    // if we got here with error sets, make an error showing the incompatibilities
    ZigList<ErrorTableEntry *> *missing_errors = nullptr;
    if (const_cast_result.id == ConstCastResultIdErrSet) {
        missing_errors = &const_cast_result.data.error_set.missing_errors;
    }
    if (const_cast_result.id == ConstCastResultIdErrorUnionErrorSet) {
        if (const_cast_result.data.error_union_error_set->id == ConstCastResultIdErrSet) {
            missing_errors = &const_cast_result.data.error_union_error_set->data.error_set.missing_errors;
        } else if (const_cast_result.data.error_union_error_set->id == ConstCastResultIdErrSetGlobal) {
            ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, value,
                buf_sprintf("expected '%s', found '%s'", buf_ptr(&expected_type->name), buf_ptr(&actual_type->name)));
            add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, value->source_node,
                buf_sprintf("unable to cast global error set into smaller set"));
            return ImplicitCastMatchResultReportedError;
        }
    } else if (const_cast_result.id == ConstCastResultIdErrSetGlobal) {
        ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, value,
            buf_sprintf("expected '%s', found '%s'", buf_ptr(&expected_type->name), buf_ptr(&actual_type->name)));
        add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, value->source_node,
            buf_sprintf("unable to cast global error set into smaller set"));
        return ImplicitCastMatchResultReportedError;
    }
    if (missing_errors != nullptr) {
        ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, value,
            buf_sprintf("expected '%s', found '%s'", buf_ptr(&expected_type->name), buf_ptr(&actual_type->name)));
        for (size_t i = 0; i < missing_errors->length; i += 1) {
            ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = missing_errors->at(i);
            add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, error_entry->decl_node,
                buf_sprintf("'error.%s' not a member of destination error set", buf_ptr(&error_entry->name)));
        }

        return ImplicitCastMatchResultReportedError;
    }

    // implicit conversion from non maybe type to maybe type
    if (expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe &&
        ir_types_match_with_implicit_cast(ira, expected_type->data.maybe.child_type, actual_type, value))
    {
        return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
    }

    // implicit conversion from null literal to maybe type
    if (expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNullLit)
    {
        return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
    }

    // implicit T to U!T
    if (expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion &&
        ir_types_match_with_implicit_cast(ira, expected_type->data.error_union.payload_type, actual_type, value))
    {
        return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
    }

    // implicit conversion from error set to error union type
    if (expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet)
    {
        return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
    }

    // implicit conversion from T to U!?T
    if (expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion &&
        expected_type->data.error_union.payload_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe &&
        ir_types_match_with_implicit_cast(ira,
            expected_type->data.error_union.payload_type->data.maybe.child_type,
            actual_type, value))
    {
        return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
    }

    // implicit widening conversion
    if (expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt &&
        expected_type->data.integral.is_signed == actual_type->data.integral.is_signed &&
        expected_type->data.integral.bit_count >= actual_type->data.integral.bit_count)
    {
        return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
    }

    // small enough unsigned ints can get casted to large enough signed ints
    if (expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt && expected_type->data.integral.is_signed &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt && !actual_type->data.integral.is_signed &&
        expected_type->data.integral.bit_count > actual_type->data.integral.bit_count)
    {
        return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
    }

    // implicit float widening conversion
    if (expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat &&
        expected_type->data.floating.bit_count >= actual_type->data.floating.bit_count)
    {
        return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
    }

    // implicit [N]T to []const T
    if (is_slice(expected_type) && actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray) {
        TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = expected_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry;
        assert(ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);

        if ((ptr_type->data.pointer.is_const || actual_type->data.array.len == 0) &&
            types_match_const_cast_only(ira, ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type, actual_type->data.array.child_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk)
        {
            return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
        }
    }

    // implicit &const [N]T to []const T
    if (is_slice(expected_type) &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer &&
        actual_type->data.pointer.is_const &&
        actual_type->data.pointer.child_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray)
    {
        TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = expected_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry;
        assert(ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);

        TypeTableEntry *array_type = actual_type->data.pointer.child_type;

        if ((ptr_type->data.pointer.is_const || array_type->data.array.len == 0) &&
            types_match_const_cast_only(ira, ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type, array_type->data.array.child_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk)
        {
            return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
        }
    }

    // implicit [N]T to &const []const T
    if (expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer &&
        expected_type->data.pointer.is_const &&
        is_slice(expected_type->data.pointer.child_type) &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray)
    {
        TypeTableEntry *ptr_type =
            expected_type->data.pointer.child_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry;
        assert(ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
        if ((ptr_type->data.pointer.is_const || actual_type->data.array.len == 0) &&
                types_match_const_cast_only(ira, ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type, actual_type->data.array.child_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk)
        {
            return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
        }
    }

    // implicit [N]T to ?[]const T
    if (expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe &&
        is_slice(expected_type->data.maybe.child_type) &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray)
    {
        TypeTableEntry *ptr_type =
            expected_type->data.maybe.child_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry;
        assert(ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
        if ((ptr_type->data.pointer.is_const || actual_type->data.array.len == 0) &&
                types_match_const_cast_only(ira, ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type, actual_type->data.array.child_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk)
        {
            return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
        }
    }


    // implicit number literal to typed number
    // implicit number literal to &const integer
    if (actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat ||
         actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt)
    {
        if (expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer &&
            expected_type->data.pointer.is_const)
        {
            if (ir_num_lit_fits_in_other_type(ira, value, expected_type->data.pointer.child_type, false)) {
                return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
            } else {
                return ImplicitCastMatchResultReportedError;
            }
        } else if (ir_num_lit_fits_in_other_type(ira, value, expected_type, false)) {
            return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
        } else {
            return ImplicitCastMatchResultReportedError;
        }
    }

    // implicit typed number to integer or float literal.
    // works when the number is known
    if (value->value.special == ConstValSpecialStatic) {
        if (actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt && expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt) {
            return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
        } else if (actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat && expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
            return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
        }
    }

    // implicit union to its enum tag type
    if (expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum && actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion &&
        (actual_type->data.unionation.decl_node->data.container_decl.auto_enum ||
        actual_type->data.unionation.decl_node->data.container_decl.init_arg_expr != nullptr))
    {
        type_ensure_zero_bits_known(ira->codegen, actual_type);
        if (actual_type->data.unionation.tag_type == expected_type) {
            return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
        }
    }

    // implicit enum to union which has the enum as the tag type
    if (expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion && actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum &&
        (expected_type->data.unionation.decl_node->data.container_decl.auto_enum ||
        expected_type->data.unionation.decl_node->data.container_decl.init_arg_expr != nullptr))
    {
        type_ensure_zero_bits_known(ira->codegen, expected_type);
        if (expected_type->data.unionation.tag_type == actual_type) {
            return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
        }
    }

    // implicit enum to &const union which has the enum as the tag type
    if (actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum && expected_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
        TypeTableEntry *union_type = expected_type->data.pointer.child_type;
        if (union_type->data.unionation.decl_node->data.container_decl.auto_enum ||
            union_type->data.unionation.decl_node->data.container_decl.init_arg_expr != nullptr)
        {
            type_ensure_zero_bits_known(ira->codegen, union_type);
            if (union_type->data.unionation.tag_type == actual_type) {
                return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
            }
        }
    }

    // implicit undefined literal to anything
    if (actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit) {
        return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
    }

    // implicitly take a const pointer to something
    if (!type_requires_comptime(actual_type)) {
        TypeTableEntry *const_ptr_actual = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, actual_type, true);
        if (types_match_const_cast_only(ira, expected_type, const_ptr_actual, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk) {
            return ImplicitCastMatchResultYes;
        }
    }

    return ImplicitCastMatchResultNo;
}

static void update_errors_helper(CodeGen *g, ErrorTableEntry ***errors, size_t *errors_count) {
    size_t old_errors_count = *errors_count;
    *errors_count = g->errors_by_index.length;
    *errors = reallocate(*errors, old_errors_count, *errors_count);
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_resolve_peer_types(IrAnalyze *ira, AstNode *source_node, IrInstruction **instructions, size_t instruction_count) {
    assert(instruction_count >= 1);
    IrInstruction *prev_inst = instructions[0];
    if (type_is_invalid(prev_inst->value.type)) {
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
    ErrorTableEntry **errors = nullptr;
    size_t errors_count = 0;
    TypeTableEntry *err_set_type = nullptr;
    if (prev_inst->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet) {
        if (type_is_global_error_set(prev_inst->value.type)) {
            err_set_type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_global_error_set;
        } else {
            err_set_type = prev_inst->value.type;
            if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, err_set_type, prev_inst->source_node)) {
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
            update_errors_helper(ira->codegen, &errors, &errors_count);

            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
                ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = err_set_type->data.error_set.errors[i];
                assert(errors[error_entry->value] == nullptr);
                errors[error_entry->value] = error_entry;
            }
        }
    }

    bool any_are_null = (prev_inst->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNullLit);
    bool convert_to_const_slice = false;
    for (size_t i = 1; i < instruction_count; i += 1) {
        IrInstruction *cur_inst = instructions[i];
        TypeTableEntry *cur_type = cur_inst->value.type;
        TypeTableEntry *prev_type = prev_inst->value.type;

        if (type_is_invalid(cur_type)) {
            return cur_type;
        }

        if (prev_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable) {
            prev_inst = cur_inst;
            continue;
        }

        if (cur_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable) {
            continue;
        }

        if (prev_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNullLit) {
            prev_inst = cur_inst;
            continue;
        }

        if (cur_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNullLit) {
            any_are_null = true;
            continue;
        }

        if (prev_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet) {
            assert(err_set_type != nullptr);
            if (cur_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet) {
                if (type_is_global_error_set(err_set_type)) {
                    continue;
                }
                if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, cur_type, cur_inst->source_node)) {
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                }
                if (type_is_global_error_set(cur_type)) {
                    err_set_type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_global_error_set;
                    prev_inst = cur_inst;
                    continue;
                }

                // number of declared errors might have increased now
                update_errors_helper(ira->codegen, &errors, &errors_count);

                // if err_set_type is a superset of cur_type, keep err_set_type.
                // if cur_type is a superset of err_set_type, switch err_set_type to cur_type
                bool prev_is_superset = true;
                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cur_type->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
                    ErrorTableEntry *contained_error_entry = cur_type->data.error_set.errors[i];
                    ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = errors[contained_error_entry->value];
                    if (error_entry == nullptr) {
                        prev_is_superset = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (prev_is_superset) {
                    continue;
                }

                // unset everything in errors
                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
                    ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = err_set_type->data.error_set.errors[i];
                    errors[error_entry->value] = nullptr;
                }
                for (uint32_t i = 0, count = ira->codegen->errors_by_index.length; i < count; i += 1) {
                    assert(errors[i] == nullptr);
                }
                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cur_type->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
                    ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = cur_type->data.error_set.errors[i];
                    assert(errors[error_entry->value] == nullptr);
                    errors[error_entry->value] = error_entry;
                }
                bool cur_is_superset = true;
                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
                    ErrorTableEntry *contained_error_entry = err_set_type->data.error_set.errors[i];
                    ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = errors[contained_error_entry->value];
                    if (error_entry == nullptr) {
                        cur_is_superset = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (cur_is_superset) {
                    err_set_type = cur_type;
                    prev_inst = cur_inst;
                    assert(errors != nullptr);
                    continue;
                }

                // neither of them are supersets. so we invent a new error set type that is a union of both of them
                err_set_type = get_error_set_union(ira->codegen, errors, cur_type, err_set_type);
                assert(errors != nullptr);
                continue;
            } else if (cur_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion) {
                if (type_is_global_error_set(err_set_type)) {
                    prev_inst = cur_inst;
                    continue;
                }
                TypeTableEntry *cur_err_set_type = cur_type->data.error_union.err_set_type;
                if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, cur_err_set_type, cur_inst->source_node)) {
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                }
                if (type_is_global_error_set(cur_err_set_type)) {
                    err_set_type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_global_error_set;
                    prev_inst = cur_inst;
                    continue;
                }

                update_errors_helper(ira->codegen, &errors, &errors_count);

                // test if err_set_type is a subset of cur_type's error set
                // unset everything in errors
                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
                    ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = err_set_type->data.error_set.errors[i];
                    errors[error_entry->value] = nullptr;
                }
                for (uint32_t i = 0, count = ira->codegen->errors_by_index.length; i < count; i += 1) {
                    assert(errors[i] == nullptr);
                }
                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cur_err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
                    ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = cur_err_set_type->data.error_set.errors[i];
                    assert(errors[error_entry->value] == nullptr);
                    errors[error_entry->value] = error_entry;
                }
                bool cur_is_superset = true;
                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
                    ErrorTableEntry *contained_error_entry = err_set_type->data.error_set.errors[i];
                    ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = errors[contained_error_entry->value];
                    if (error_entry == nullptr) {
                        cur_is_superset = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (cur_is_superset) {
                    err_set_type = cur_err_set_type;
                    prev_inst = cur_inst;
                    assert(errors != nullptr);
                    continue;
                }

                // not a subset. invent new error set type, union of both of them
                err_set_type = get_error_set_union(ira->codegen, errors, cur_err_set_type, err_set_type);
                prev_inst = cur_inst;
                assert(errors != nullptr);
                continue;
            } else {
                prev_inst = cur_inst;
                continue;
            }
        }

        if (cur_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet) {
            if (prev_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray) {
                convert_to_const_slice = true;
            }
            if (type_is_global_error_set(cur_type)) {
                err_set_type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_global_error_set;
                continue;
            }
            if (err_set_type != nullptr && type_is_global_error_set(err_set_type)) {
                continue;
            }
            if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, cur_type, cur_inst->source_node)) {
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }

            update_errors_helper(ira->codegen, &errors, &errors_count);

            if (err_set_type == nullptr) {
                if (prev_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion) {
                    err_set_type = prev_type->data.error_union.err_set_type;
                } else {
                    err_set_type = cur_type;
                }
                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
                    ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = err_set_type->data.error_set.errors[i];
                    assert(errors[error_entry->value] == nullptr);
                    errors[error_entry->value] = error_entry;
                }
                if (err_set_type == cur_type) {
                    continue;
                }
            }
            // check if the cur type error set is a subset
            bool prev_is_superset = true;
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cur_type->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
                ErrorTableEntry *contained_error_entry = cur_type->data.error_set.errors[i];
                ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = errors[contained_error_entry->value];
                if (error_entry == nullptr) {
                    prev_is_superset = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (prev_is_superset) {
                continue;
            }
            // not a subset. invent new error set type, union of both of them
            err_set_type = get_error_set_union(ira->codegen, errors, err_set_type, cur_type);
            assert(errors != nullptr);
            continue;
        }

        if (prev_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion && cur_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion) {
            TypeTableEntry *prev_payload_type = prev_type->data.error_union.payload_type;
            TypeTableEntry *cur_payload_type = cur_type->data.error_union.payload_type;

            bool const_cast_prev = types_match_const_cast_only(ira, prev_payload_type, cur_payload_type,
                    source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk;
            bool const_cast_cur = types_match_const_cast_only(ira, cur_payload_type, prev_payload_type,
                    source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk;

            if (const_cast_prev || const_cast_cur) {
                if (const_cast_cur) {
                    prev_inst = cur_inst;
                }

                TypeTableEntry *prev_err_set_type = (err_set_type == nullptr) ? prev_type->data.error_union.err_set_type : err_set_type;
                TypeTableEntry *cur_err_set_type = cur_type->data.error_union.err_set_type;

                if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, prev_err_set_type, cur_inst->source_node)) {
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                }

                if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, cur_err_set_type, cur_inst->source_node)) {
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                }

                if (type_is_global_error_set(prev_err_set_type) || type_is_global_error_set(cur_err_set_type)) {
                    err_set_type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_global_error_set;
                    continue;
                }

                update_errors_helper(ira->codegen, &errors, &errors_count);

                if (err_set_type == nullptr) {
                    err_set_type = prev_err_set_type;
                    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < prev_err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
                        ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = prev_err_set_type->data.error_set.errors[i];
                        assert(errors[error_entry->value] == nullptr);
                        errors[error_entry->value] = error_entry;
                    }
                }
                bool prev_is_superset = true;
                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cur_err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
                    ErrorTableEntry *contained_error_entry = cur_err_set_type->data.error_set.errors[i];
                    ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = errors[contained_error_entry->value];
                    if (error_entry == nullptr) {
                        prev_is_superset = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (prev_is_superset) {
                    continue;
                }
                // unset all the errors
                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
                    ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = err_set_type->data.error_set.errors[i];
                    errors[error_entry->value] = nullptr;
                }
                for (uint32_t i = 0, count = ira->codegen->errors_by_index.length; i < count; i += 1) {
                    assert(errors[i] == nullptr);
                }
                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cur_err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
                    ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = cur_err_set_type->data.error_set.errors[i];
                    assert(errors[error_entry->value] == nullptr);
                    errors[error_entry->value] = error_entry;
                }
                bool cur_is_superset = true;
                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < prev_err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
                    ErrorTableEntry *contained_error_entry = prev_err_set_type->data.error_set.errors[i];
                    ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = errors[contained_error_entry->value];
                    if (error_entry == nullptr) {
                        cur_is_superset = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (cur_is_superset) {
                    err_set_type = cur_err_set_type;
                    continue;
                }

                err_set_type = get_error_set_union(ira->codegen, errors, cur_err_set_type, prev_err_set_type);
                continue;
            }
        }

        if (types_match_const_cast_only(ira, prev_type, cur_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk) {
            continue;
        }

        if (types_match_const_cast_only(ira, cur_type, prev_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk) {
            prev_inst = cur_inst;
            continue;
        }

        if (prev_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt &&
                   cur_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt &&
                   prev_type->data.integral.is_signed == cur_type->data.integral.is_signed)
        {
            if (cur_type->data.integral.bit_count > prev_type->data.integral.bit_count) {
                prev_inst = cur_inst;
            }
            continue;
        }

        if (prev_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat && cur_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
            if (cur_type->data.floating.bit_count > prev_type->data.floating.bit_count) {
                prev_inst = cur_inst;
            }
            continue;
        }

        if (prev_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion &&
                types_match_const_cast_only(ira, prev_type->data.error_union.payload_type, cur_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk)
        {
            continue;
        }

        if (cur_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion &&
                types_match_const_cast_only(ira, cur_type->data.error_union.payload_type, prev_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk)
        {
            if (err_set_type != nullptr) {
                TypeTableEntry *cur_err_set_type = cur_type->data.error_union.err_set_type;
                if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, cur_err_set_type, cur_inst->source_node)) {
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                }
                if (type_is_global_error_set(cur_err_set_type) || type_is_global_error_set(err_set_type)) {
                    err_set_type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_global_error_set;
                    prev_inst = cur_inst;
                    continue;
                }

                update_errors_helper(ira->codegen, &errors, &errors_count);

                err_set_type = get_error_set_union(ira->codegen, errors, err_set_type, cur_err_set_type);
            }
            prev_inst = cur_inst;
            continue;
        }

        if (prev_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe &&
            types_match_const_cast_only(ira, prev_type->data.maybe.child_type, cur_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk)
        {
            continue;
        }

        if (cur_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe &&
                   types_match_const_cast_only(ira, cur_type->data.maybe.child_type, prev_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk)
        {
            prev_inst = cur_inst;
            continue;
        }

        if (cur_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit) {
            continue;
        }

        if (prev_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit) {
            prev_inst = cur_inst;
            continue;
        }

        if (prev_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt ||
                    prev_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat)
        {
            if (ir_num_lit_fits_in_other_type(ira, prev_inst, cur_type, false)) {
                prev_inst = cur_inst;
                continue;
            } else {
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
        }

        if (cur_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt ||
                   cur_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat)
        {
            if (ir_num_lit_fits_in_other_type(ira, cur_inst, prev_type, false)) {
                continue;
            } else {
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
        }

        if (cur_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray && prev_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray &&
                cur_type->data.array.len != prev_type->data.array.len &&
                types_match_const_cast_only(ira, cur_type->data.array.child_type, prev_type->data.array.child_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk)
        {
            convert_to_const_slice = true;
            prev_inst = cur_inst;
            continue;
        }

        if (cur_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray && prev_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray &&
                cur_type->data.array.len != prev_type->data.array.len &&
                types_match_const_cast_only(ira, prev_type->data.array.child_type, cur_type->data.array.child_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk)
        {
            convert_to_const_slice = true;
            continue;
        }

        if (cur_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray && is_slice(prev_type) &&
            (prev_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry->data.pointer.is_const ||
            cur_type->data.array.len == 0) &&
            types_match_const_cast_only(ira, prev_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry->data.pointer.child_type,
                cur_type->data.array.child_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk)
        {
            convert_to_const_slice = false;
            continue;
        }

        if (prev_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray && is_slice(cur_type) &&
            (cur_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry->data.pointer.is_const ||
            prev_type->data.array.len == 0) &&
            types_match_const_cast_only(ira, cur_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry->data.pointer.child_type,
            prev_type->data.array.child_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk)
        {
            prev_inst = cur_inst;
            convert_to_const_slice = false;
            continue;
        }

        if (prev_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum && cur_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion &&
            (cur_type->data.unionation.decl_node->data.container_decl.auto_enum || cur_type->data.unionation.decl_node->data.container_decl.init_arg_expr != nullptr))
        {
            type_ensure_zero_bits_known(ira->codegen, cur_type);
            if (type_is_invalid(cur_type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            if (cur_type->data.unionation.tag_type == prev_type) {
                continue;
            }
        }

        if (cur_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum && prev_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion &&
            (prev_type->data.unionation.decl_node->data.container_decl.auto_enum || prev_type->data.unionation.decl_node->data.container_decl.init_arg_expr != nullptr))
        {
            type_ensure_zero_bits_known(ira->codegen, prev_type);
            if (type_is_invalid(prev_type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            if (prev_type->data.unionation.tag_type == cur_type) {
                prev_inst = cur_inst;
                continue;
            }
        }

        ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
            buf_sprintf("incompatible types: '%s' and '%s'",
                buf_ptr(&prev_type->name), buf_ptr(&cur_type->name)));
        add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, prev_inst->source_node,
            buf_sprintf("type '%s' here", buf_ptr(&prev_type->name)));
        add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, cur_inst->source_node,
            buf_sprintf("type '%s' here", buf_ptr(&cur_type->name)));

        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    free(errors);

    if (convert_to_const_slice) {
        assert(prev_inst->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray);
        TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, prev_inst->value.type->data.array.child_type, true);
        TypeTableEntry *slice_type = get_slice_type(ira->codegen, ptr_type);
        if (err_set_type != nullptr) {
            return get_error_union_type(ira->codegen, err_set_type, slice_type);
        } else {
            return slice_type;
        }
    } else if (err_set_type != nullptr) {
        if (prev_inst->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet) {
            return err_set_type;
        } else {
            if (prev_inst->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt ||
                prev_inst->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat)
            {
                ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("unable to make error union out of number literal"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            } else if (prev_inst->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNullLit) {
                ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("unable to make error union out of null literal"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            } else if (prev_inst->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion) {
                return get_error_union_type(ira->codegen, err_set_type, prev_inst->value.type->data.error_union.payload_type);
            } else {
                return get_error_union_type(ira->codegen, err_set_type, prev_inst->value.type);
            }
        }
    } else if (any_are_null && prev_inst->value.type->id != TypeTableEntryIdNullLit) {
        if (prev_inst->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt ||
            prev_inst->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat)
        {
            ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                buf_sprintf("unable to make maybe out of number literal"));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        } else if (prev_inst->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe) {
            return prev_inst->value.type;
        } else {
            return get_maybe_type(ira->codegen, prev_inst->value.type);
        }
    } else {
        return prev_inst->value.type;
    }
}

static void ir_add_alloca(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *instruction, TypeTableEntry *type_entry) {
    if (type_has_bits(type_entry) && handle_is_ptr(type_entry)) {
        FnTableEntry *fn_entry = exec_fn_entry(ira->new_irb.exec);
        if (fn_entry != nullptr) {
            fn_entry->alloca_list.append(instruction);
        }
    }
}

static void copy_const_val(ConstExprValue *dest, ConstExprValue *src, bool same_global_refs) {
    ConstGlobalRefs *global_refs = dest->global_refs;
    *dest = *src;
    if (!same_global_refs) {
        dest->global_refs = global_refs;
    }
}

static void eval_const_expr_implicit_cast(CastOp cast_op,
        ConstExprValue *other_val, TypeTableEntry *other_type,
        ConstExprValue *const_val, TypeTableEntry *new_type)
{
    const_val->special = other_val->special;

    assert(other_val != const_val);
    switch (cast_op) {
        case CastOpNoCast:
            zig_unreachable();
        case CastOpErrSet:
            zig_panic("TODO");
        case CastOpNoop:
            {
                copy_const_val(const_val, other_val, other_val->special == ConstValSpecialStatic);
                const_val->type = new_type;
                break;
            }
        case CastOpNumLitToConcrete:
            if (other_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
                assert(new_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat);
                switch (new_type->data.floating.bit_count) {
                    case 32:
                        const_val->data.x_f32 = bigfloat_to_f32(&other_val->data.x_bigfloat);
                        break;
                    case 64:
                        const_val->data.x_f64 = bigfloat_to_f64(&other_val->data.x_bigfloat);
                        break;
                    case 128:
                        const_val->data.x_f128 = bigfloat_to_f128(&other_val->data.x_bigfloat);
                        break;
                    default:
                        zig_unreachable();
                }
            } else if (other_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt) {
                bigint_init_bigint(&const_val->data.x_bigint, &other_val->data.x_bigint);
            } else {
                zig_unreachable();
            }
            const_val->type = new_type;
            break;
        case CastOpResizeSlice:
        case CastOpBytesToSlice:
            // can't do it
            zig_unreachable();
        case CastOpIntToFloat:
            {
                assert(new_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat);

                BigFloat bigfloat;
                bigfloat_init_bigint(&bigfloat, &other_val->data.x_bigint);
                switch (new_type->data.floating.bit_count) {
                    case 32:
                        const_val->data.x_f32 = bigfloat_to_f32(&bigfloat);
                        break;
                    case 64:
                        const_val->data.x_f64 = bigfloat_to_f64(&bigfloat);
                        break;
                    case 128:
                        const_val->data.x_f128 = bigfloat_to_f128(&bigfloat);
                        break;
                    default:
                        zig_unreachable();
                }
                const_val->special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
                break;
            }
        case CastOpFloatToInt:
            float_init_bigint(&const_val->data.x_bigint, other_val);
            const_val->special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
            break;
        case CastOpBoolToInt:
            bigint_init_unsigned(&const_val->data.x_bigint, other_val->data.x_bool ? 1 : 0);
            const_val->special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
            break;
    }
}
static IrInstruction *ir_resolve_cast(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr, IrInstruction *value,
        TypeTableEntry *wanted_type, CastOp cast_op, bool need_alloca)
{
    if (value->value.special != ConstValSpecialRuntime &&
        cast_op != CastOpResizeSlice && cast_op != CastOpBytesToSlice)
    {
        IrInstruction *result = ir_create_const(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
                source_instr->source_node, wanted_type);
        eval_const_expr_implicit_cast(cast_op, &value->value, value->value.type,
                &result->value, wanted_type);
        return result;
    } else {
        IrInstruction *result = ir_build_cast(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope, source_instr->source_node, wanted_type, value, cast_op);
        result->value.type = wanted_type;
        if (need_alloca) {
            ir_add_alloca(ira, result, wanted_type);
        }
        return result;
    }
}

static bool is_container(TypeTableEntry *type) {
    return type->id == TypeTableEntryIdStruct ||
        type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum ||
        type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion;
}

static bool is_u8(TypeTableEntry *type) {
    return type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt &&
        !type->data.integral.is_signed && type->data.integral.bit_count == 8;
}

static IrBasicBlock *ir_get_new_bb(IrAnalyze *ira, IrBasicBlock *old_bb, IrInstruction *ref_old_instruction) {
    assert(old_bb);

    if (old_bb->other) {
        if (ref_old_instruction == nullptr || old_bb->other->ref_instruction != ref_old_instruction) {
            return old_bb->other;
        }
    }

    IrBasicBlock *new_bb = ir_build_bb_from(&ira->new_irb, old_bb);
    new_bb->ref_instruction = ref_old_instruction;

    return new_bb;
}

static void ir_start_bb(IrAnalyze *ira, IrBasicBlock *old_bb, IrBasicBlock *const_predecessor_bb) {
    ira->instruction_index = 0;
    ira->old_irb.current_basic_block = old_bb;
    ira->const_predecessor_bb = const_predecessor_bb;
}

static void ir_finish_bb(IrAnalyze *ira) {
    ira->new_irb.exec->basic_block_list.append(ira->new_irb.current_basic_block);
    ira->instruction_index += 1;
    while (ira->instruction_index < ira->old_irb.current_basic_block->instruction_list.length) {
        IrInstruction *next_instruction = ira->old_irb.current_basic_block->instruction_list.at(ira->instruction_index);
        if (!next_instruction->is_gen) {
            ir_add_error(ira, next_instruction, buf_sprintf("unreachable code"));
            break;
        }
        ira->instruction_index += 1;
    }

    ira->old_bb_index += 1;

    bool need_repeat = true;
    for (;;) {
        while (ira->old_bb_index < ira->old_irb.exec->basic_block_list.length) {
            IrBasicBlock *old_bb = ira->old_irb.exec->basic_block_list.at(ira->old_bb_index);
            if (old_bb->other == nullptr) {
                ira->old_bb_index += 1;
                continue;
            }
            if (old_bb->other->instruction_list.length != 0) {
                ira->old_bb_index += 1;
                continue;
            }
            ira->new_irb.current_basic_block = old_bb->other;

            ir_start_bb(ira, old_bb, nullptr);
            return;
        }
        if (!need_repeat)
            return;
        need_repeat = false;
        ira->old_bb_index = 0;
        continue;
    }
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_unreach_error(IrAnalyze *ira) {
    ira->old_bb_index = SIZE_MAX;
    ira->new_irb.exec->invalid = true;
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable;
}

static bool ir_emit_backward_branch(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instruction) {
    size_t *bbc = ira->new_irb.exec->backward_branch_count;
    size_t quota = ira->new_irb.exec->backward_branch_quota;

    // If we're already over quota, we've already given an error message for this.
    if (*bbc > quota) {
        return false;
    }

    *bbc += 1;
    if (*bbc > quota) {
        ir_add_error(ira, source_instruction, buf_sprintf("evaluation exceeded %" ZIG_PRI_usize " backwards branches", quota));
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_inline_bb(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instruction, IrBasicBlock *old_bb) {
    if (old_bb->debug_id <= ira->old_irb.current_basic_block->debug_id) {
        if (!ir_emit_backward_branch(ira, source_instruction))
            return ir_unreach_error(ira);
    }

    old_bb->other = ira->old_irb.current_basic_block->other;
    ir_start_bb(ira, old_bb, ira->old_irb.current_basic_block);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_finish_anal(IrAnalyze *ira, TypeTableEntry *result_type) {
    if (result_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable)
        ir_finish_bb(ira);
    return result_type;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_get_const(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *old_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *new_instruction;
    if (old_instruction->id == IrInstructionIdVarPtr) {
        IrInstructionVarPtr *old_var_ptr_instruction = (IrInstructionVarPtr *)old_instruction;
        IrInstructionVarPtr *var_ptr_instruction = ir_create_instruction<IrInstructionVarPtr>(&ira->new_irb,
                old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node);
        var_ptr_instruction->var = old_var_ptr_instruction->var;
        new_instruction = &var_ptr_instruction->base;
    } else if (old_instruction->id == IrInstructionIdFieldPtr) {
        IrInstructionFieldPtr *field_ptr_instruction = ir_create_instruction<IrInstructionFieldPtr>(&ira->new_irb,
                old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node);
        new_instruction = &field_ptr_instruction->base;
    } else if (old_instruction->id == IrInstructionIdElemPtr) {
        IrInstructionElemPtr *elem_ptr_instruction = ir_create_instruction<IrInstructionElemPtr>(&ira->new_irb,
                old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node);
        new_instruction = &elem_ptr_instruction->base;
    } else {
        IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_create_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(&ira->new_irb,
                old_instruction->scope, old_instruction->source_node);
        new_instruction = &const_instruction->base;
    }
    new_instruction->value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    return new_instruction;
}

static ConstExprValue *ir_build_const_from(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *old_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_get_const(ira, old_instruction);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, old_instruction);
    return &new_instruction->value;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_void(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *instruction) {
    ir_build_const_from(ira, instruction);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_get_const_ptr(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *instruction,
        ConstExprValue *pointee, TypeTableEntry *pointee_type,
        ConstPtrMut ptr_mut, bool ptr_is_const, bool ptr_is_volatile, uint32_t ptr_align)
{
    if (pointee_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMetaType) {
        TypeTableEntry *type_entry = pointee->data.x_type;
        if (type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable) {
            ir_add_error(ira, instruction, buf_sprintf("pointer to noreturn not allowed"));
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }

        IrInstruction *const_instr = ir_get_const(ira, instruction);
        ConstExprValue *const_val = &const_instr->value;
        const_val->type = pointee_type;
        type_ensure_zero_bits_known(ira->codegen, type_entry);
        if (type_is_invalid(type_entry)) {
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }
        const_val->data.x_type = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, type_entry,
                ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile, get_abi_alignment(ira->codegen, type_entry), 0, 0);
        return const_instr;
    } else {
        TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, pointee_type,
                ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile, ptr_align, 0, 0);
        IrInstruction *const_instr = ir_get_const(ira, instruction);
        ConstExprValue *const_val = &const_instr->value;
        const_val->type = ptr_type;
        const_val->data.x_ptr.special = ConstPtrSpecialRef;
        const_val->data.x_ptr.mut = ptr_mut;
        const_val->data.x_ptr.data.ref.pointee = pointee;
        return const_instr;
    }
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_const_ptr(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *instruction,
        ConstExprValue *pointee, TypeTableEntry *pointee_type,
        ConstPtrMut ptr_mut, bool ptr_is_const, bool ptr_is_volatile)
{
    IrInstruction *const_instr = ir_get_const_ptr(ira, instruction, pointee,
            pointee_type, ptr_mut, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile,
            get_abi_alignment(ira->codegen, pointee_type));
    ir_link_new_instruction(const_instr, instruction);
    return const_instr->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_const_usize(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *instruction, uint64_t value) {
    ConstExprValue *const_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, instruction);
    bigint_init_unsigned(&const_val->data.x_bigint, value);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize;
}

enum UndefAllowed {
    UndefOk,
    UndefBad,
};

static ConstExprValue *ir_resolve_const(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *value, UndefAllowed undef_allowed) {
    switch (value->value.special) {
        case ConstValSpecialStatic:
            return &value->value;
        case ConstValSpecialRuntime:
            ir_add_error(ira, value, buf_sprintf("unable to evaluate constant expression"));
            return nullptr;
        case ConstValSpecialUndef:
            if (undef_allowed == UndefOk) {
                return &value->value;
            } else {
                ir_add_error(ira, value, buf_sprintf("use of undefined value"));
                return nullptr;
            }
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

IrInstruction *ir_eval_const_value(CodeGen *codegen, Scope *scope, AstNode *node,
        TypeTableEntry *expected_type, size_t *backward_branch_count, size_t backward_branch_quota,
        FnTableEntry *fn_entry, Buf *c_import_buf, AstNode *source_node, Buf *exec_name,
        IrExecutable *parent_exec)
{
    if (expected_type != nullptr && type_is_invalid(expected_type))
        return codegen->invalid_instruction;

    IrExecutable *ir_executable = allocate<IrExecutable>(1);
    ir_executable->source_node = source_node;
    ir_executable->parent_exec = parent_exec;
    ir_executable->name = exec_name;
    ir_executable->is_inline = true;
    ir_executable->fn_entry = fn_entry;
    ir_executable->c_import_buf = c_import_buf;
    ir_executable->begin_scope = scope;
    ir_gen(codegen, node, scope, ir_executable);

    if (ir_executable->invalid)
        return codegen->invalid_instruction;

    if (codegen->verbose_ir) {
        fprintf(stderr, "\nSource: ");
        ast_render(codegen, stderr, node, 4);
        fprintf(stderr, "\n{ // (IR)\n");
        ir_print(codegen, stderr, ir_executable, 4);
        fprintf(stderr, "}\n");
    }
    IrExecutable *analyzed_executable = allocate<IrExecutable>(1);
    analyzed_executable->source_node = source_node;
    analyzed_executable->parent_exec = parent_exec;
    analyzed_executable->source_exec = ir_executable;
    analyzed_executable->name = exec_name;
    analyzed_executable->is_inline = true;
    analyzed_executable->fn_entry = fn_entry;
    analyzed_executable->c_import_buf = c_import_buf;
    analyzed_executable->backward_branch_count = backward_branch_count;
    analyzed_executable->backward_branch_quota = backward_branch_quota;
    analyzed_executable->begin_scope = scope;
    TypeTableEntry *result_type = ir_analyze(codegen, ir_executable, analyzed_executable, expected_type, node);
    if (type_is_invalid(result_type))
        return codegen->invalid_instruction;

    if (codegen->verbose_ir) {
        fprintf(stderr, "{ // (analyzed)\n");
        ir_print(codegen, stderr, analyzed_executable, 4);
        fprintf(stderr, "}\n");
    }

    return ir_exec_const_result(codegen, analyzed_executable);
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_resolve_type(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *type_value) {
    if (type_is_invalid(type_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (type_value->value.type->id != TypeTableEntryIdMetaType) {
        ir_add_error(ira, type_value,
                buf_sprintf("expected type 'type', found '%s'", buf_ptr(&type_value->value.type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    ConstExprValue *const_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, type_value, UndefBad);
    if (!const_val)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    return const_val->data.x_type;
}

static FnTableEntry *ir_resolve_fn(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *fn_value) {
    if (fn_value == ira->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return nullptr;

    if (type_is_invalid(fn_value->value.type))
        return nullptr;

    if (fn_value->value.type->id != TypeTableEntryIdFn) {
        ir_add_error_node(ira, fn_value->source_node,
                buf_sprintf("expected function type, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&fn_value->value.type->name)));
        return nullptr;
    }

    ConstExprValue *const_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, fn_value, UndefBad);
    if (!const_val)
        return nullptr;

    assert(const_val->data.x_ptr.special == ConstPtrSpecialFunction);
    return const_val->data.x_ptr.data.fn.fn_entry;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_maybe_wrap(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr, IrInstruction *value, TypeTableEntry *wanted_type) {
    assert(wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe);

    if (instr_is_comptime(value)) {
        TypeTableEntry *payload_type = wanted_type->data.maybe.child_type;
        IrInstruction *casted_payload = ir_implicit_cast(ira, value, payload_type);
        if (type_is_invalid(casted_payload->value.type))
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_payload, UndefBad);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

        IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_create_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(&ira->new_irb,
                source_instr->scope, source_instr->source_node);
        const_instruction->base.value.type = wanted_type;
        const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
        const_instruction->base.value.data.x_maybe = val;
        return &const_instruction->base;
    }

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_maybe_wrap(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope, source_instr->source_node, value);
    result->value.type = wanted_type;
    result->value.data.rh_maybe = RuntimeHintMaybeNonNull;
    ir_add_alloca(ira, result, wanted_type);
    return result;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_err_wrap_payload(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr,
        IrInstruction *value, TypeTableEntry *wanted_type)
{
    assert(wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion);

    if (instr_is_comptime(value)) {
        TypeTableEntry *payload_type = wanted_type->data.error_union.payload_type;
        IrInstruction *casted_payload = ir_implicit_cast(ira, value, payload_type);
        if (type_is_invalid(casted_payload->value.type))
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_payload, UndefBad);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

        IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_create_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(&ira->new_irb,
                source_instr->scope, source_instr->source_node);
        const_instruction->base.value.type = wanted_type;
        const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
        const_instruction->base.value.data.x_err_union.err = nullptr;
        const_instruction->base.value.data.x_err_union.payload = val;
        return &const_instruction->base;
    }

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_err_wrap_payload(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope, source_instr->source_node, value);
    result->value.type = wanted_type;
    result->value.data.rh_error_union = RuntimeHintErrorUnionNonError;
    ir_add_alloca(ira, result, wanted_type);
    return result;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_err_set_cast(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr, IrInstruction *value,
        TypeTableEntry *wanted_type)
{
    assert(value->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet);
    assert(wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet);

    if (instr_is_comptime(value)) {
        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, value, UndefBad);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

        if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, wanted_type, source_instr->source_node)) {
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }
        if (!type_is_global_error_set(wanted_type)) {
            bool subset = false;
            for (uint32_t i = 0, count = wanted_type->data.error_set.err_count; i < count; i += 1) {
                if (wanted_type->data.error_set.errors[i]->value == val->data.x_err_set->value) {
                    subset = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!subset) {
                ir_add_error(ira, source_instr,
                    buf_sprintf("error.%s not a member of error set '%s'",
                        buf_ptr(&val->data.x_err_set->name), buf_ptr(&wanted_type->name)));
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            }
        }

        IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_create_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(&ira->new_irb,
                source_instr->scope, source_instr->source_node);
        const_instruction->base.value.type = wanted_type;
        const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
        const_instruction->base.value.data.x_err_set = val->data.x_err_set;
        return &const_instruction->base;
    }

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_cast(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope, source_instr->source_node, wanted_type, value, CastOpErrSet);
    result->value.type = wanted_type;
    return result;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_err_wrap_code(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr, IrInstruction *value, TypeTableEntry *wanted_type) {
    assert(wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion);

    IrInstruction *casted_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, value, wanted_type->data.error_union.err_set_type);

    if (instr_is_comptime(casted_value)) {
        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_value, UndefBad);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

        IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_create_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(&ira->new_irb,
                source_instr->scope, source_instr->source_node);
        const_instruction->base.value.type = wanted_type;
        const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
        const_instruction->base.value.data.x_err_union.err = val->data.x_err_set;
        const_instruction->base.value.data.x_err_union.payload = nullptr;
        return &const_instruction->base;
    }

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_err_wrap_code(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope, source_instr->source_node, value);
    result->value.type = wanted_type;
    result->value.data.rh_error_union = RuntimeHintErrorUnionError;
    ir_add_alloca(ira, result, wanted_type);
    return result;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_cast_ref(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr,
        IrInstruction *value, TypeTableEntry *wanted_type)
{
    if (instr_is_comptime(value)) {
        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, value, UndefBad);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

        IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_create_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(&ira->new_irb,
                source_instr->scope, source_instr->source_node);
        const_instruction->base.value.type = wanted_type;
        const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
        const_instruction->base.value.data.x_ptr.special = ConstPtrSpecialRef;
        const_instruction->base.value.data.x_ptr.data.ref.pointee = val;
        return &const_instruction->base;
    }

    if (value->id == IrInstructionIdLoadPtr) {
        IrInstructionLoadPtr *load_ptr_inst = (IrInstructionLoadPtr *)value;
        return load_ptr_inst->ptr;
    } else {
        IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_ref(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
                source_instr->source_node, value, true, false);
        new_instruction->value.type = wanted_type;

        TypeTableEntry *child_type = wanted_type->data.pointer.child_type;
        if (type_has_bits(child_type)) {
            FnTableEntry *fn_entry = exec_fn_entry(ira->new_irb.exec);
            assert(fn_entry);
            fn_entry->alloca_list.append(new_instruction);
        }
        ir_add_alloca(ira, new_instruction, child_type);
        return new_instruction;
    }
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_null_to_maybe(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr, IrInstruction *value, TypeTableEntry *wanted_type) {
    assert(wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe);
    assert(instr_is_comptime(value));

    ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, value, UndefBad);
    assert(val);

    IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_create_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope, source_instr->source_node);
    const_instruction->base.value.type = wanted_type;
    const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    const_instruction->base.value.data.x_maybe = nullptr;
    return &const_instruction->base;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_get_ref(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instruction, IrInstruction *value,
        bool is_const, bool is_volatile)
{
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    if (value->id == IrInstructionIdLoadPtr) {
        IrInstructionLoadPtr *load_ptr_inst = (IrInstructionLoadPtr *) value;
        if (load_ptr_inst->ptr->value.type->data.pointer.is_const) {
            return load_ptr_inst->ptr;
        }
    }

    if (instr_is_comptime(value)) {
        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, value, UndefOk);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        bool final_is_const = (value->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMetaType) ? is_const : true;
        return ir_get_const_ptr(ira, source_instruction, val, value->value.type,
                ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, final_is_const, is_volatile,
                get_abi_alignment(ira->codegen, value->value.type));
    }

    TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, value->value.type,
            is_const, is_volatile, get_abi_alignment(ira->codegen, value->value.type), 0, 0);
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_ref(&ira->new_irb, source_instruction->scope,
            source_instruction->source_node, value, is_const, is_volatile);
    new_instruction->value.type = ptr_type;
    new_instruction->value.data.rh_ptr = RuntimeHintPtrStack;
    if (type_has_bits(ptr_type)) {
        FnTableEntry *fn_entry = exec_fn_entry(ira->new_irb.exec);
        assert(fn_entry);
        fn_entry->alloca_list.append(new_instruction);
    }
    return new_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_array_to_slice(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr,
        IrInstruction *array_arg, TypeTableEntry *wanted_type)
{
    assert(is_slice(wanted_type));
    // In this function we honor the const-ness of wanted_type, because
    // we may be casting [0]T to []const T which is perfectly valid.

    IrInstruction *array_ptr = nullptr;
    IrInstruction *array;
    if (array_arg->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
        array = ir_get_deref(ira, source_instr, array_arg);
        array_ptr = array_arg;
    } else {
        array = array_arg;
    }
    TypeTableEntry *array_type = array->value.type;
    assert(array_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray);

    if (instr_is_comptime(array)) {
        IrInstruction *result = ir_create_const(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
                source_instr->source_node, wanted_type);
        init_const_slice(ira->codegen, &result->value, &array->value, 0, array_type->data.array.len, true);
        result->value.type = wanted_type;
        return result;
    }

    IrInstruction *start = ir_create_const(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
            source_instr->source_node, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize);
    init_const_usize(ira->codegen, &start->value, 0);

    IrInstruction *end = ir_create_const(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
            source_instr->source_node, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize);
    init_const_usize(ira->codegen, &end->value, array_type->data.array.len);

    if (!array_ptr) array_ptr = ir_get_ref(ira, source_instr, array, true, false);

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_slice(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
            source_instr->source_node, array_ptr, start, end, false);
    result->value.type = wanted_type;
    ir_add_alloca(ira, result, result->value.type);

    return result;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_enum_to_int(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr,
        IrInstruction *target, TypeTableEntry *wanted_type)
{
    assert(wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt);

    TypeTableEntry *actual_type = target->value.type;
    ensure_complete_type(ira->codegen, actual_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(actual_type))
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    if (wanted_type != actual_type->data.enumeration.tag_int_type) {
        ir_add_error(ira, source_instr,
                buf_sprintf("enum to integer cast to '%s' instead of its tag type, '%s'",
                    buf_ptr(&wanted_type->name),
                    buf_ptr(&actual_type->data.enumeration.tag_int_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    assert(actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum);

    if (instr_is_comptime(target)) {
        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, target, UndefBad);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        IrInstruction *result = ir_create_const(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
                source_instr->source_node, wanted_type);
        init_const_bigint(&result->value, wanted_type, &val->data.x_enum_tag);
        return result;
    }

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_widen_or_shorten(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
            source_instr->source_node, target);
    result->value.type = wanted_type;
    return result;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_union_to_tag(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr,
        IrInstruction *target, TypeTableEntry *wanted_type)
{
    assert(target->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion);
    assert(wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum);
    assert(wanted_type == target->value.type->data.unionation.tag_type);

    if (instr_is_comptime(target)) {
        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, target, UndefBad);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        IrInstruction *result = ir_create_const(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
                source_instr->source_node, wanted_type);
        result->value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
        result->value.type = wanted_type;
        bigint_init_bigint(&result->value.data.x_enum_tag, &val->data.x_union.tag);
        return result;
    }

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_union_tag(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
            source_instr->source_node, target);
    result->value.type = wanted_type;
    return result;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_undefined_to_anything(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr,
        IrInstruction *target, TypeTableEntry *wanted_type)
{
    IrInstruction *result = ir_create_const(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
            source_instr->source_node, wanted_type);
    init_const_undefined(ira->codegen, &result->value);
    return result;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_enum_to_union(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr,
        IrInstruction *target, TypeTableEntry *wanted_type)
{
    assert(wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion);
    assert(target->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum);

    if (instr_is_comptime(target)) {
        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, target, UndefBad);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        TypeUnionField *union_field = find_union_field_by_tag(wanted_type, &val->data.x_enum_tag);
        assert(union_field != nullptr);
        type_ensure_zero_bits_known(ira->codegen, union_field->type_entry);
        if (!union_field->type_entry->zero_bits) {
            AstNode *field_node = wanted_type->data.unionation.decl_node->data.container_decl.fields.at(
                    union_field->enum_field->decl_index);
            ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, source_instr,
                    buf_sprintf("cast to union '%s' must initialize '%s' field '%s'",
                        buf_ptr(&wanted_type->name),
                        buf_ptr(&union_field->type_entry->name),
                        buf_ptr(union_field->name)));
            add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, field_node,
                    buf_sprintf("field '%s' declared here", buf_ptr(union_field->name)));
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }
        IrInstruction *result = ir_create_const(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
                source_instr->source_node, wanted_type);
        result->value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
        result->value.type = wanted_type;
        bigint_init_bigint(&result->value.data.x_union.tag, &val->data.x_enum_tag);
        return result;
    }

    // if the union has all fields 0 bits, we can do it
    // and in fact it's a noop cast because the union value is just the enum value
    if (wanted_type->data.unionation.gen_field_count == 0) {
        IrInstruction *result = ir_build_cast(&ira->new_irb, target->scope, target->source_node, wanted_type, target, CastOpNoop);
        result->value.type = wanted_type;
        return result;
    }

    ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, source_instr,
            buf_sprintf("runtime cast to union '%s' which has non-void fields",
                buf_ptr(&wanted_type->name)));
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < wanted_type->data.unionation.src_field_count; i += 1) {
        TypeUnionField *union_field = &wanted_type->data.unionation.fields[i];
        if (type_has_bits(union_field->type_entry)) {
            AstNode *field_node = wanted_type->data.unionation.decl_node->data.container_decl.fields.at(i);
            add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, field_node,
                    buf_sprintf("field '%s' has type '%s'",
                        buf_ptr(union_field->name),
                        buf_ptr(&union_field->type_entry->name)));
        }
    }
    return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_widen_or_shorten(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr,
        IrInstruction *target, TypeTableEntry *wanted_type)
{
    assert(wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt || wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat);

    if (instr_is_comptime(target)) {
        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, target, UndefBad);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt) {
            if (bigint_cmp_zero(&val->data.x_bigint) == CmpLT && !wanted_type->data.integral.is_signed) {
                ir_add_error(ira, source_instr,
                    buf_sprintf("attempt to cast negative value to unsigned integer"));
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            }
            if (!bigint_fits_in_bits(&val->data.x_bigint, wanted_type->data.integral.bit_count,
                    wanted_type->data.integral.is_signed))
            {
                ir_add_error(ira, source_instr,
                    buf_sprintf("cast from '%s' to '%s' truncates bits",
                        buf_ptr(&target->value.type->name), buf_ptr(&wanted_type->name)));
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            }
        }
        IrInstruction *result = ir_create_const(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
                source_instr->source_node, wanted_type);
        result->value.type = wanted_type;
        if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt) {
            bigint_init_bigint(&result->value.data.x_bigint, &val->data.x_bigint);
        } else {
            float_init_float(&result->value, val);
        }
        return result;
    }

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_widen_or_shorten(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
            source_instr->source_node, target);
    result->value.type = wanted_type;
    return result;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_int_to_enum(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr,
        IrInstruction *target, TypeTableEntry *wanted_type)
{
    assert(wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum);

    TypeTableEntry *actual_type = target->value.type;

    ensure_complete_type(ira->codegen, wanted_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(wanted_type))
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    if (actual_type != wanted_type->data.enumeration.tag_int_type) {
        ir_add_error(ira, source_instr,
                buf_sprintf("integer to enum cast from '%s' instead of its tag type, '%s'",
                    buf_ptr(&actual_type->name),
                    buf_ptr(&wanted_type->data.enumeration.tag_int_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    assert(actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt);

    if (instr_is_comptime(target)) {
        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, target, UndefBad);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

        TypeEnumField *field = find_enum_field_by_tag(wanted_type, &val->data.x_bigint);
        if (field == nullptr) {
            Buf *val_buf = buf_alloc();
            bigint_append_buf(val_buf, &val->data.x_bigint, 10);
            ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, source_instr,
                buf_sprintf("enum '%s' has no tag matching integer value %s",
                    buf_ptr(&wanted_type->name), buf_ptr(val_buf)));
            add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, wanted_type->data.enumeration.decl_node,
                    buf_sprintf("'%s' declared here", buf_ptr(&wanted_type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }

        IrInstruction *result = ir_create_const(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
                source_instr->source_node, wanted_type);
        bigint_init_bigint(&result->value.data.x_enum_tag, &val->data.x_bigint);
        return result;
    }

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_int_to_enum(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
            source_instr->source_node, target);
    result->value.type = wanted_type;
    return result;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_number_to_literal(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr,
        IrInstruction *target, TypeTableEntry *wanted_type)
{
    ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, target, UndefBad);
    if (!val)
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    IrInstruction *result = ir_create_const(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
            source_instr->source_node, wanted_type);
    if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat) {
        float_init_float(&result->value, val);
    } else if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt) {
        bigint_init_bigint(&result->value.data.x_bigint, &val->data.x_bigint);
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
    return result;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_int_to_err(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr, IrInstruction *target,
    TypeTableEntry *wanted_type)
{
    assert(target->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt);
    assert(!target->value.type->data.integral.is_signed);
    assert(wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet);

    if (instr_is_comptime(target)) {
        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, target, UndefBad);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

        IrInstruction *result = ir_create_const(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
                source_instr->source_node, wanted_type);

        if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, wanted_type, source_instr->source_node)) {
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }

        if (type_is_global_error_set(wanted_type)) {
            BigInt err_count;
            bigint_init_unsigned(&err_count, ira->codegen->errors_by_index.length);

            if (bigint_cmp_zero(&val->data.x_bigint) == CmpEQ || bigint_cmp(&val->data.x_bigint, &err_count) != CmpLT) {
                Buf *val_buf = buf_alloc();
                bigint_append_buf(val_buf, &val->data.x_bigint, 10);
                ir_add_error(ira, source_instr,
                    buf_sprintf("integer value %s represents no error", buf_ptr(val_buf)));
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            }

            size_t index = bigint_as_unsigned(&val->data.x_bigint);
            result->value.data.x_err_set = ira->codegen->errors_by_index.at(index);
            return result;
        } else {
            ErrorTableEntry *err = nullptr;
            BigInt err_int;

            for (uint32_t i = 0, count = wanted_type->data.error_set.err_count; i < count; i += 1) {
                ErrorTableEntry *this_err = wanted_type->data.error_set.errors[i];
                bigint_init_unsigned(&err_int, this_err->value);
                if (bigint_cmp(&val->data.x_bigint, &err_int) == CmpEQ) {
                    err = this_err;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (err == nullptr) {
                Buf *val_buf = buf_alloc();
                bigint_append_buf(val_buf, &val->data.x_bigint, 10);
                ir_add_error(ira, source_instr,
                    buf_sprintf("integer value %s represents no error in '%s'", buf_ptr(val_buf), buf_ptr(&wanted_type->name)));
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            }

            result->value.data.x_err_set = err;
            return result;
        }
    }

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_int_to_err(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope, source_instr->source_node, target);
    result->value.type = wanted_type;
    return result;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_err_to_int(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr, IrInstruction *target,
        TypeTableEntry *wanted_type)
{
    assert(wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt);

    TypeTableEntry *err_type = target->value.type;

    if (instr_is_comptime(target)) {
        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, target, UndefBad);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

        IrInstruction *result = ir_create_const(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
                source_instr->source_node, wanted_type);

        ErrorTableEntry *err;
        if (err_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion) {
            err = val->data.x_err_union.err;
        } else if (err_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet) {
            err = val->data.x_err_set;
        } else {
            zig_unreachable();
        }
        result->value.type = wanted_type;
        uint64_t err_value = err ? err->value : 0;
        bigint_init_unsigned(&result->value.data.x_bigint, err_value);

        if (!bigint_fits_in_bits(&result->value.data.x_bigint,
            wanted_type->data.integral.bit_count, wanted_type->data.integral.is_signed))
        {
            ir_add_error_node(ira, source_instr->source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("error code '%s' does not fit in '%s'",
                        buf_ptr(&err->name), buf_ptr(&wanted_type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }

        return result;
    }

    TypeTableEntry *err_set_type;
    if (err_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion) {
        err_set_type = err_type->data.error_union.err_set_type;
    } else if (err_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet) {
        err_set_type = err_type;
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
    if (!type_is_global_error_set(err_set_type)) {
        if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, err_set_type, source_instr->source_node)) {
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }
        if (err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count == 0) {
            IrInstruction *result = ir_create_const(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
                    source_instr->source_node, wanted_type);
            result->value.type = wanted_type;
            bigint_init_unsigned(&result->value.data.x_bigint, 0);
            return result;
        } else if (err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count == 1) {
            IrInstruction *result = ir_create_const(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
                    source_instr->source_node, wanted_type);
            result->value.type = wanted_type;
            ErrorTableEntry *err = err_set_type->data.error_set.errors[0];
            bigint_init_unsigned(&result->value.data.x_bigint, err->value);
            return result;
        }
    }

    BigInt bn;
    bigint_init_unsigned(&bn, ira->codegen->errors_by_index.length);
    if (!bigint_fits_in_bits(&bn, wanted_type->data.integral.bit_count, wanted_type->data.integral.is_signed)) {
        ir_add_error_node(ira, source_instr->source_node,
                buf_sprintf("too many error values to fit in '%s'", buf_ptr(&wanted_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_err_to_int(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope, source_instr->source_node, target);
    result->value.type = wanted_type;
    return result;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_cast(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr,
    TypeTableEntry *wanted_type, IrInstruction *value)
{
    TypeTableEntry *actual_type = value->value.type;
    AstNode *source_node = source_instr->source_node;

    if (type_is_invalid(wanted_type) || type_is_invalid(actual_type)) {
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    // explicit match or non-const to const
    if (types_match_const_cast_only(ira, wanted_type, actual_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk) {
        return ir_resolve_cast(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type, CastOpNoop, false);
    }

    // explicit cast from bool to int
    if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdBool)
    {
        return ir_resolve_cast(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type, CastOpBoolToInt, false);
    }

    // explicit widening or shortening cast
    if ((wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt) ||
        (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat))
    {
        return ir_analyze_widen_or_shorten(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type);
    }

    // explicit error set cast
    if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet)
    {
        return ir_analyze_err_set_cast(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type);
    }

    // explicit cast from int to float
    if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt)
    {
        return ir_resolve_cast(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type, CastOpIntToFloat, false);
    }

    // explicit cast from float to int
    if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat)
    {
        return ir_resolve_cast(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type, CastOpFloatToInt, false);
    }

    // explicit cast from [N]T to []const T
    if (is_slice(wanted_type) && actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray) {
        TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = wanted_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry;
        assert(ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
        if ((ptr_type->data.pointer.is_const || actual_type->data.array.len == 0) &&
            types_match_const_cast_only(ira, ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type, actual_type->data.array.child_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk)
        {
            return ir_analyze_array_to_slice(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type);
        }
    }

    // explicit cast from &const [N]T to []const T
    if (is_slice(wanted_type) &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer &&
        actual_type->data.pointer.is_const &&
        actual_type->data.pointer.child_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray)
    {
        TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = wanted_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry;
        assert(ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);

        TypeTableEntry *array_type = actual_type->data.pointer.child_type;

        if ((ptr_type->data.pointer.is_const || array_type->data.array.len == 0) &&
            types_match_const_cast_only(ira, ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type, array_type->data.array.child_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk)
        {
            return ir_analyze_array_to_slice(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type);
        }
    }

    // explicit cast from [N]T to &const []const N
    if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer &&
        wanted_type->data.pointer.is_const &&
        is_slice(wanted_type->data.pointer.child_type) &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray)
    {
        TypeTableEntry *ptr_type =
            wanted_type->data.pointer.child_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry;
        assert(ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
        if ((ptr_type->data.pointer.is_const || actual_type->data.array.len == 0) &&
                types_match_const_cast_only(ira, ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type, actual_type->data.array.child_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk)
        {
            IrInstruction *cast1 = ir_analyze_cast(ira, source_instr, wanted_type->data.pointer.child_type, value);
            if (type_is_invalid(cast1->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

            IrInstruction *cast2 = ir_analyze_cast(ira, source_instr, wanted_type, cast1);
            if (type_is_invalid(cast2->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

            return cast2;
        }
    }

    // explicit cast from [N]T to ?[]const N
    if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe &&
        is_slice(wanted_type->data.maybe.child_type) &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray)
    {
        TypeTableEntry *ptr_type =
            wanted_type->data.maybe.child_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry;
        assert(ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
        if ((ptr_type->data.pointer.is_const || actual_type->data.array.len == 0) &&
                types_match_const_cast_only(ira, ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type, actual_type->data.array.child_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk)
        {
            IrInstruction *cast1 = ir_analyze_cast(ira, source_instr, wanted_type->data.maybe.child_type, value);
            if (type_is_invalid(cast1->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

            IrInstruction *cast2 = ir_analyze_cast(ira, source_instr, wanted_type, cast1);
            if (type_is_invalid(cast2->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

            return cast2;
        }
    }

    // explicit cast from []T to []u8 or []u8 to []T
    if (is_slice(wanted_type) && is_slice(actual_type)) {
        TypeTableEntry *wanted_ptr_type = wanted_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry;
        TypeTableEntry *actual_ptr_type = actual_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry;
        if ((is_u8(wanted_ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type) || is_u8(actual_ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type)) &&
            (wanted_ptr_type->data.pointer.is_const || !actual_ptr_type->data.pointer.is_const))
        {
            uint32_t src_align_bytes = get_ptr_align(actual_ptr_type);
            uint32_t dest_align_bytes = get_ptr_align(wanted_ptr_type);

            if (dest_align_bytes > src_align_bytes) {
                ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, source_instr,
                        buf_sprintf("cast increases pointer alignment"));
                add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, source_instr->source_node,
                        buf_sprintf("'%s' has alignment %" PRIu32, buf_ptr(&actual_type->name), src_align_bytes));
                add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, source_instr->source_node,
                        buf_sprintf("'%s' has alignment %" PRIu32, buf_ptr(&wanted_type->name), dest_align_bytes));
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            }

            if (!ir_emit_global_runtime_side_effect(ira, source_instr))
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            return ir_resolve_cast(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type, CastOpResizeSlice, true);
        }
    }

    // explicit cast from [N]u8 to []const T
    if (is_slice(wanted_type) &&
        wanted_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry->data.pointer.is_const &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray &&
        is_u8(actual_type->data.array.child_type))
    {
        if (!ir_emit_global_runtime_side_effect(ira, source_instr))
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        uint64_t child_type_size = type_size(ira->codegen,
                wanted_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry->data.pointer.child_type);
        if (actual_type->data.array.len % child_type_size == 0) {
            return ir_resolve_cast(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type, CastOpBytesToSlice, true);
        } else {
            ir_add_error_node(ira, source_instr->source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("unable to convert %s to %s: size mismatch",
                        buf_ptr(&actual_type->name), buf_ptr(&wanted_type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }
    }

    // explicit cast from child type of maybe type to maybe type
    if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe) {
        TypeTableEntry *wanted_child_type = wanted_type->data.maybe.child_type;
        if (types_match_const_cast_only(ira, wanted_child_type, actual_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk) {
            return ir_analyze_maybe_wrap(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type);
        } else if (actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt ||
                   actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat)
        {
            if (ir_num_lit_fits_in_other_type(ira, value, wanted_child_type, true)) {
                return ir_analyze_maybe_wrap(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type);
            } else {
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            }
        } else if (wanted_child_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer &&
                   wanted_child_type->data.pointer.is_const &&
                   (actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer || is_container(actual_type)))
        {
            IrInstruction *cast1 = ir_analyze_cast(ira, source_instr, wanted_child_type, value);
            if (type_is_invalid(cast1->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

            IrInstruction *cast2 = ir_analyze_cast(ira, source_instr, wanted_type, cast1);
            if (type_is_invalid(cast2->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

            return cast2;
        }
    }

    // explicit cast from null literal to maybe type
    if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNullLit)
    {
        return ir_analyze_null_to_maybe(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type);
    }

    // explicit cast from child type of error type to error type
    if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion) {
        if (types_match_const_cast_only(ira, wanted_type->data.error_union.payload_type, actual_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk) {
            return ir_analyze_err_wrap_payload(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type);
        } else if (actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt ||
                   actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat)
        {
            if (ir_num_lit_fits_in_other_type(ira, value, wanted_type->data.error_union.payload_type, true)) {
                return ir_analyze_err_wrap_payload(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type);
            } else {
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            }
        }
    }

    // explicit cast from [N]T to %[]const T
    if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion &&
        is_slice(wanted_type->data.error_union.payload_type) &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray)
    {
        TypeTableEntry *ptr_type =
            wanted_type->data.error_union.payload_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry;
        assert(ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
        if ((ptr_type->data.pointer.is_const || actual_type->data.array.len == 0) &&
                types_match_const_cast_only(ira, ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type, actual_type->data.array.child_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk)
        {
            IrInstruction *cast1 = ir_analyze_cast(ira, source_instr, wanted_type->data.error_union.payload_type, value);
            if (type_is_invalid(cast1->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

            IrInstruction *cast2 = ir_analyze_cast(ira, source_instr, wanted_type, cast1);
            if (type_is_invalid(cast2->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

            return cast2;
        }
    }

    // explicit cast from error set to error union type
    if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion &&
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet)
    {
        return ir_analyze_err_wrap_code(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type);
    }

    // explicit cast from T to %?T
    if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion &&
        wanted_type->data.error_union.payload_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe &&
        actual_type->id != TypeTableEntryIdMaybe)
    {
        TypeTableEntry *wanted_child_type = wanted_type->data.error_union.payload_type->data.maybe.child_type;
        if (types_match_const_cast_only(ira, wanted_child_type, actual_type, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk ||
            actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNullLit ||
            actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt ||
            actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat)
        {
            IrInstruction *cast1 = ir_analyze_cast(ira, source_instr, wanted_type->data.error_union.payload_type, value);
            if (type_is_invalid(cast1->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

            IrInstruction *cast2 = ir_analyze_cast(ira, source_instr, wanted_type, cast1);
            if (type_is_invalid(cast2->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

            return cast2;
        }
    }

    // explicit cast from number literal to another type
    // explicit cast from number literal to &const integer
    if (actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat ||
        actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt)
    {
        if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum) {
            IrInstruction *cast1 = ir_analyze_cast(ira, source_instr, wanted_type->data.enumeration.tag_int_type, value);
            if (type_is_invalid(cast1->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

            IrInstruction *cast2 = ir_analyze_cast(ira, source_instr, wanted_type, cast1);
            if (type_is_invalid(cast2->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

            return cast2;
        } else if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer &&
            wanted_type->data.pointer.is_const)
        {
            IrInstruction *cast1 = ir_analyze_cast(ira, source_instr, wanted_type->data.pointer.child_type, value);
            if (type_is_invalid(cast1->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

            IrInstruction *cast2 = ir_analyze_cast(ira, source_instr, wanted_type, cast1);
            if (type_is_invalid(cast2->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

            return cast2;
        } else if (ir_num_lit_fits_in_other_type(ira, value, wanted_type, true)) {
            CastOp op;
            if ((actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat &&
                 wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) ||
                (actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt &&
                 wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt))
            {
                op = CastOpNumLitToConcrete;
            } else if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt) {
                op = CastOpFloatToInt;
            } else if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
                op = CastOpIntToFloat;
            } else {
                zig_unreachable();
            }
            return ir_resolve_cast(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type, op, false);
        } else {
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }
    }

    // explicit cast from typed number to integer or float literal.
    // works when the number is known at compile time
    if (instr_is_comptime(value) &&
        ((actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt && wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt) ||
        (actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat && wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat)))
    {
        return ir_analyze_number_to_literal(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type);
    }

    // explicit cast from T!void to integer type which can fit it
    bool actual_type_is_void_err = actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion &&
        !type_has_bits(actual_type->data.error_union.payload_type);
    bool actual_type_is_err_set = actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet;
    if ((actual_type_is_void_err || actual_type_is_err_set) && wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt) {
        return ir_analyze_err_to_int(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type);
    }

    // explicit cast from integer to error set
    if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet && actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt &&
        !actual_type->data.integral.is_signed)
    {
        return ir_analyze_int_to_err(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type);
    }

    // explicit cast from integer to enum type with no payload
    if (actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt && wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum) {
        return ir_analyze_int_to_enum(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type);
    }

    // explicit cast from enum type with no payload to integer
    if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt && actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum) {
        return ir_analyze_enum_to_int(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type);
    }

    // explicit cast from union to the enum type of the union
    if (actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion && wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum) {
        type_ensure_zero_bits_known(ira->codegen, actual_type);
        if (type_is_invalid(actual_type))
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

        if (actual_type->data.unionation.tag_type == wanted_type) {
            return ir_analyze_union_to_tag(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type);
        }
    }

    // explicit enum to union which has the enum as the tag type
    if (wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion && actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum &&
        (wanted_type->data.unionation.decl_node->data.container_decl.auto_enum ||
        wanted_type->data.unionation.decl_node->data.container_decl.init_arg_expr != nullptr))
    {
        type_ensure_zero_bits_known(ira->codegen, wanted_type);
        if (wanted_type->data.unionation.tag_type == actual_type) {
            return ir_analyze_enum_to_union(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type);
        }
    }

    // explicit enum to &const union which has the enum as the tag type
    if (actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum && wanted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
        TypeTableEntry *union_type = wanted_type->data.pointer.child_type;
        if (union_type->data.unionation.decl_node->data.container_decl.auto_enum ||
            union_type->data.unionation.decl_node->data.container_decl.init_arg_expr != nullptr)
        {
            type_ensure_zero_bits_known(ira->codegen, union_type);
            if (union_type->data.unionation.tag_type == actual_type) {
                IrInstruction *cast1 = ir_analyze_cast(ira, source_instr, union_type, value);
                if (type_is_invalid(cast1->value.type))
                    return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

                IrInstruction *cast2 = ir_analyze_cast(ira, source_instr, wanted_type, cast1);
                if (type_is_invalid(cast2->value.type))
                    return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

                return cast2;
            }
        }
    }

    // explicit cast from undefined to anything
    if (actual_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit) {
        return ir_analyze_undefined_to_anything(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type);
    }

    // explicit cast from something to const pointer of it
    if (!type_requires_comptime(actual_type)) {
        TypeTableEntry *const_ptr_actual = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, actual_type, true);
        if (types_match_const_cast_only(ira, wanted_type, const_ptr_actual, source_node).id == ConstCastResultIdOk) {
            return ir_analyze_cast_ref(ira, source_instr, value, wanted_type);
        }
    }

    ir_add_error_node(ira, source_instr->source_node,
        buf_sprintf("invalid cast from type '%s' to '%s'",
            buf_ptr(&actual_type->name),
            buf_ptr(&wanted_type->name)));
    return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_implicit_cast(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *value, TypeTableEntry *expected_type) {
    assert(value);
    assert(value != ira->codegen->invalid_instruction);
    assert(!expected_type || !type_is_invalid(expected_type));
    assert(value->value.type);
    assert(!type_is_invalid(value->value.type));
    if (expected_type == nullptr)
        return value; // anything will do
    if (expected_type == value->value.type)
        return value; // match
    if (value->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable)
        return value;

    ImplicitCastMatchResult result = ir_types_match_with_implicit_cast(ira, expected_type, value->value.type, value);
    switch (result) {
        case ImplicitCastMatchResultNo:
            ir_add_error(ira, value,
                buf_sprintf("expected type '%s', found '%s'",
                    buf_ptr(&expected_type->name),
                    buf_ptr(&value->value.type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

        case ImplicitCastMatchResultYes:
            return ir_analyze_cast(ira, value, expected_type, value);
        case ImplicitCastMatchResultReportedError:
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    zig_unreachable();
}

static IrInstruction *ir_implicit_byval_const_ref_cast(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *inst) {
    if (type_is_copyable(ira->codegen, inst->value.type))
        return inst;
    TypeTableEntry *const_ref_type = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, inst->value.type, true);
    return ir_implicit_cast(ira, inst, const_ref_type);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_get_deref(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instruction, IrInstruction *ptr) {
    TypeTableEntry *type_entry = ptr->value.type;
    if (type_is_invalid(type_entry)) {
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    } else if (type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
        TypeTableEntry *child_type = type_entry->data.pointer.child_type;
        if (instr_is_comptime(ptr)) {
            if (ptr->value.data.x_ptr.mut == ConstPtrMutComptimeConst ||
                ptr->value.data.x_ptr.mut == ConstPtrMutComptimeVar)
            {
                ConstExprValue *pointee = const_ptr_pointee(ira->codegen, &ptr->value);
                if (pointee->special != ConstValSpecialRuntime) {
                    IrInstruction *result = ir_create_const(&ira->new_irb, source_instruction->scope,
                        source_instruction->source_node, child_type);
                    copy_const_val(&result->value, pointee, ptr->value.data.x_ptr.mut == ConstPtrMutComptimeConst);
                    return result;
                }
            }
        }
        // TODO if the instruction is a const ref instruction we can skip it
        IrInstruction *load_ptr_instruction = ir_build_load_ptr(&ira->new_irb, source_instruction->scope,
                source_instruction->source_node, ptr);
        load_ptr_instruction->value.type = child_type;
        return load_ptr_instruction;
    } else if (type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdMetaType) {
        ConstExprValue *ptr_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, ptr, UndefBad);
        if (!ptr_val)
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

        TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = ptr_val->data.x_type;
        if (ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
            TypeTableEntry *child_type = ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type;
            return ir_create_const_type(&ira->new_irb, source_instruction->scope,
                    source_instruction->source_node, child_type);
        } else {
            ir_add_error(ira, source_instruction,
                buf_sprintf("attempt to dereference non pointer type '%s'", buf_ptr(&ptr_type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
        }
    } else {
        ir_add_error_node(ira, source_instruction->source_node,
            buf_sprintf("attempt to dereference non pointer type '%s'",
                buf_ptr(&type_entry->name)));
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_ref(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instruction, IrInstruction *value,
        bool is_const, bool is_volatile)
{
    IrInstruction *result = ir_get_ref(ira, source_instruction, value, is_const, is_volatile);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, source_instruction);
    return result->value.type;
}

static bool ir_resolve_align(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *value, uint32_t *out) {
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return false;

    IrInstruction *casted_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, value, get_align_amt_type(ira->codegen));
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_value->value.type))
        return false;

    ConstExprValue *const_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_value, UndefBad);
    if (!const_val)
        return false;

    uint32_t align_bytes = bigint_as_unsigned(&const_val->data.x_bigint);
    if (align_bytes == 0) {
        ir_add_error(ira, value, buf_sprintf("alignment must be >= 1"));
        return false;
    }

    if (!is_power_of_2(align_bytes)) {
        ir_add_error(ira, value, buf_sprintf("alignment value %" PRIu32 " is not a power of 2", align_bytes));
        return false;
    }

    *out = align_bytes;
    return true;
}

static bool ir_resolve_usize(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *value, uint64_t *out) {
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return false;

    IrInstruction *casted_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, value, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_value->value.type))
        return false;

    ConstExprValue *const_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_value, UndefBad);
    if (!const_val)
        return false;

    *out = bigint_as_unsigned(&const_val->data.x_bigint);
    return true;
}

static bool ir_resolve_bool(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *value, bool *out) {
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return false;

    IrInstruction *casted_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, value, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_value->value.type))
        return false;

    ConstExprValue *const_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_value, UndefBad);
    if (!const_val)
        return false;

    *out = const_val->data.x_bool;
    return true;
}

static bool ir_resolve_comptime(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *value, bool *out) {
    if (!value) {
        *out = false;
        return true;
    }
    return ir_resolve_bool(ira, value, out);
}

static bool ir_resolve_atomic_order(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *value, AtomicOrder *out) {
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return false;

    ConstExprValue *atomic_order_val = get_builtin_value(ira->codegen, "AtomicOrder");
    assert(atomic_order_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMetaType);
    TypeTableEntry *atomic_order_type = atomic_order_val->data.x_type;

    IrInstruction *casted_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, value, atomic_order_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_value->value.type))
        return false;

    ConstExprValue *const_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_value, UndefBad);
    if (!const_val)
        return false;

    *out = (AtomicOrder)bigint_as_unsigned(&const_val->data.x_enum_tag);
    return true;
}

static bool ir_resolve_atomic_rmw_op(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *value, AtomicRmwOp *out) {
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return false;

    ConstExprValue *atomic_rmw_op_val = get_builtin_value(ira->codegen, "AtomicRmwOp");
    assert(atomic_rmw_op_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMetaType);
    TypeTableEntry *atomic_rmw_op_type = atomic_rmw_op_val->data.x_type;

    IrInstruction *casted_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, value, atomic_rmw_op_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_value->value.type))
        return false;

    ConstExprValue *const_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_value, UndefBad);
    if (!const_val)
        return false;

    *out = (AtomicRmwOp)bigint_as_unsigned(&const_val->data.x_enum_tag);
    return true;
}

static bool ir_resolve_global_linkage(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *value, GlobalLinkageId *out) {
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return false;

    ConstExprValue *global_linkage_val = get_builtin_value(ira->codegen, "GlobalLinkage");
    assert(global_linkage_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMetaType);
    TypeTableEntry *global_linkage_type = global_linkage_val->data.x_type;

    IrInstruction *casted_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, value, global_linkage_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_value->value.type))
        return false;

    ConstExprValue *const_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_value, UndefBad);
    if (!const_val)
        return false;

    *out = (GlobalLinkageId)bigint_as_unsigned(&const_val->data.x_enum_tag);
    return true;
}

static bool ir_resolve_float_mode(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *value, FloatMode *out) {
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return false;

    ConstExprValue *float_mode_val = get_builtin_value(ira->codegen, "FloatMode");
    assert(float_mode_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMetaType);
    TypeTableEntry *float_mode_type = float_mode_val->data.x_type;

    IrInstruction *casted_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, value, float_mode_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_value->value.type))
        return false;

    ConstExprValue *const_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_value, UndefBad);
    if (!const_val)
        return false;

    *out = (FloatMode)bigint_as_unsigned(&const_val->data.x_enum_tag);
    return true;
}


static Buf *ir_resolve_str(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *value) {
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return nullptr;

    TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_u8, true);
    TypeTableEntry *str_type = get_slice_type(ira->codegen, ptr_type);
    IrInstruction *casted_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, value, str_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_value->value.type))
        return nullptr;

    ConstExprValue *const_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_value, UndefBad);
    if (!const_val)
        return nullptr;

    ConstExprValue *ptr_field = &const_val->data.x_struct.fields[slice_ptr_index];
    ConstExprValue *len_field = &const_val->data.x_struct.fields[slice_len_index];

    assert(ptr_field->data.x_ptr.special == ConstPtrSpecialBaseArray);
    ConstExprValue *array_val = ptr_field->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val;
    expand_undef_array(ira->codegen, array_val);
    size_t len = bigint_as_unsigned(&len_field->data.x_bigint);
    Buf *result = buf_alloc();
    buf_resize(result, len);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i += 1) {
        size_t new_index = ptr_field->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.elem_index + i;
        ConstExprValue *char_val = &array_val->data.x_array.s_none.elements[new_index];
        if (char_val->special == ConstValSpecialUndef) {
            ir_add_error(ira, casted_value, buf_sprintf("use of undefined value"));
            return nullptr;
        }
        uint64_t big_c = bigint_as_unsigned(&char_val->data.x_bigint);
        assert(big_c <= UINT8_MAX);
        uint8_t c = (uint8_t)big_c;
        buf_ptr(result)[i] = c;
    }
    return result;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_add_implicit_return_type(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionAddImplicitReturnType *instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *value = instruction->value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return ir_unreach_error(ira);

    ira->src_implicit_return_type_list.append(value);

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    out_val->type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    return out_val->type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_return(IrAnalyze *ira,
    IrInstructionReturn *return_instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *value = return_instruction->value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return ir_unreach_error(ira);

    IrInstruction *casted_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, value, ira->explicit_return_type);
    if (casted_value == ira->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return ir_unreach_error(ira);

    if (casted_value->value.special == ConstValSpecialRuntime &&
        casted_value->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer &&
        casted_value->value.data.rh_ptr == RuntimeHintPtrStack)
    {
        ir_add_error(ira, casted_value, buf_sprintf("function returns address of local variable"));
        return ir_unreach_error(ira);
    }
    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_return(&ira->new_irb, return_instruction->base.scope,
            return_instruction->base.source_node, casted_value);
    result->value.type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable;
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &return_instruction->base);
    return ir_finish_anal(ira, result->value.type);
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_const(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionConst *const_instruction) {
    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &const_instruction->base);
    *out_val = const_instruction->base.value;
    return const_instruction->base.value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_bin_op_bool(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionBinOp *bin_op_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *op1 = bin_op_instruction->op1->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(op1->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *op2 = bin_op_instruction->op2->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(op2->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *bool_type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;

    IrInstruction *casted_op1 = ir_implicit_cast(ira, op1, bool_type);
    if (casted_op1 == ira->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *casted_op2 = ir_implicit_cast(ira, op2, bool_type);
    if (casted_op2 == ira->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    ConstExprValue *op1_val = &casted_op1->value;
    ConstExprValue *op2_val = &casted_op2->value;
    if (op1_val->special != ConstValSpecialRuntime && op2_val->special != ConstValSpecialRuntime) {
        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base);

        assert(casted_op1->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdBool);
        assert(casted_op2->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdBool);
        if (bin_op_instruction->op_id == IrBinOpBoolOr) {
            out_val->data.x_bool = op1_val->data.x_bool || op2_val->data.x_bool;
        } else if (bin_op_instruction->op_id == IrBinOpBoolAnd) {
            out_val->data.x_bool = op1_val->data.x_bool && op2_val->data.x_bool;
        } else {
            zig_unreachable();
        }
        return bool_type;
    }

    ir_build_bin_op_from(&ira->new_irb, &bin_op_instruction->base, bin_op_instruction->op_id,
            casted_op1, casted_op2, bin_op_instruction->safety_check_on);
    return bool_type;
}

static bool resolve_cmp_op_id(IrBinOp op_id, Cmp cmp) {
    if (op_id == IrBinOpCmpEq) {
        return cmp == CmpEQ;
    } else if (op_id == IrBinOpCmpNotEq) {
        return cmp != CmpEQ;
    } else if (op_id == IrBinOpCmpLessThan) {
        return cmp == CmpLT;
    } else if (op_id == IrBinOpCmpGreaterThan) {
        return cmp == CmpGT;
    } else if (op_id == IrBinOpCmpLessOrEq) {
        return cmp != CmpGT;
    } else if (op_id == IrBinOpCmpGreaterOrEq) {
        return cmp != CmpLT;
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_bin_op_cmp(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionBinOp *bin_op_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *op1 = bin_op_instruction->op1->other;
    IrInstruction *op2 = bin_op_instruction->op2->other;
    AstNode *source_node = bin_op_instruction->base.source_node;

    IrBinOp op_id = bin_op_instruction->op_id;
    bool is_equality_cmp = (op_id == IrBinOpCmpEq || op_id == IrBinOpCmpNotEq);
    if (is_equality_cmp &&
        ((op1->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNullLit && op2->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe) ||
        (op2->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNullLit && op1->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe) ||
        (op1->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNullLit && op2->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNullLit)))
    {
        if (op1->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNullLit && op2->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNullLit) {
            ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base);
            out_val->data.x_bool = (op_id == IrBinOpCmpEq);
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
        }
        IrInstruction *maybe_op;
        if (op1->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNullLit) {
            maybe_op = op2;
        } else if (op2->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNullLit) {
            maybe_op = op1;
        } else {
            zig_unreachable();
        }
        if (instr_is_comptime(maybe_op)) {
            ConstExprValue *maybe_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, maybe_op, UndefBad);
            if (!maybe_val)
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            bool is_null = (maybe_val->data.x_maybe == nullptr);
            ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base);
            out_val->data.x_bool = (op_id == IrBinOpCmpEq) ? is_null : !is_null;
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
        }

        IrInstruction *is_non_null = ir_build_test_nonnull(&ira->new_irb, bin_op_instruction->base.scope,
            source_node, maybe_op);
        is_non_null->value.type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;

        if (op_id == IrBinOpCmpEq) {
            ir_build_bool_not_from(&ira->new_irb, &bin_op_instruction->base, is_non_null);
        } else {
            ir_link_new_instruction(is_non_null, &bin_op_instruction->base);
        }
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
    }

    if (op1->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet && op2->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet) {
        if (!is_equality_cmp) {
            ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node, buf_sprintf("operator not allowed for errors"));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        TypeTableEntry *intersect_type = get_error_set_intersection(ira, op1->value.type, op2->value.type, source_node);
        if (type_is_invalid(intersect_type)) {
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, intersect_type, source_node)) {
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        // exception if one of the operators has the type of the empty error set, we allow the comparison
        // (and make it comptime known)
        // this is a function which is evaluated at comptime and returns an inferred error set will have an empty
        // error set.
        if (op1->value.type->data.error_set.err_count == 0 || op2->value.type->data.error_set.err_count == 0) {
            bool are_equal = false;
            bool answer;
            if (op_id == IrBinOpCmpEq) {
                answer = are_equal;
            } else if (op_id == IrBinOpCmpNotEq) {
                answer = !are_equal;
            } else {
                zig_unreachable();
            }
            ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base);
            out_val->data.x_bool = answer;
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
        }

        if (!type_is_global_error_set(intersect_type)) {
            if (intersect_type->data.error_set.err_count == 0) {
                ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("error sets '%s' and '%s' have no common errors",
                        buf_ptr(&op1->value.type->name), buf_ptr(&op2->value.type->name)));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
            if (op1->value.type->data.error_set.err_count == 1 && op2->value.type->data.error_set.err_count == 1) {
                bool are_equal = true;
                bool answer;
                if (op_id == IrBinOpCmpEq) {
                    answer = are_equal;
                } else if (op_id == IrBinOpCmpNotEq) {
                    answer = !are_equal;
                } else {
                    zig_unreachable();
                }
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base);
                out_val->data.x_bool = answer;
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
            }
        }

        ConstExprValue *op1_val = &op1->value;
        ConstExprValue *op2_val = &op2->value;
        if (value_is_comptime(op1_val) && value_is_comptime(op2_val)) {
            bool answer;
            bool are_equal = op1_val->data.x_err_set->value == op2_val->data.x_err_set->value;
            if (op_id == IrBinOpCmpEq) {
                answer = are_equal;
            } else if (op_id == IrBinOpCmpNotEq) {
                answer = !are_equal;
            } else {
                zig_unreachable();
            }

            ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base);
            out_val->data.x_bool = answer;
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
        }

        ir_build_bin_op_from(&ira->new_irb, &bin_op_instruction->base, op_id,
                op1, op2, bin_op_instruction->safety_check_on);

        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
    }

    IrInstruction *instructions[] = {op1, op2};
    TypeTableEntry *resolved_type = ir_resolve_peer_types(ira, source_node, instructions, 2);
    if (type_is_invalid(resolved_type))
        return resolved_type;
    type_ensure_zero_bits_known(ira->codegen, resolved_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(resolved_type))
        return resolved_type;


    switch (resolved_type->id) {
        case TypeTableEntryIdInvalid:
            zig_unreachable(); // handled above

        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFloat:
            break;

        case TypeTableEntryIdBool:
        case TypeTableEntryIdMetaType:
        case TypeTableEntryIdVoid:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPointer:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdOpaque:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNamespace:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBlock:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBoundFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPromise:
            if (!is_equality_cmp) {
                ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("operator not allowed for type '%s'", buf_ptr(&resolved_type->name)));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
            break;

        case TypeTableEntryIdEnum:
            if (!is_equality_cmp) {
                ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("operator not allowed for type '%s'", buf_ptr(&resolved_type->name)));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
            break;

        case TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArray:
        case TypeTableEntryIdStruct:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNullLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdMaybe:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnion:
            ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                buf_sprintf("operator not allowed for type '%s'", buf_ptr(&resolved_type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    IrInstruction *casted_op1 = ir_implicit_cast(ira, op1, resolved_type);
    if (casted_op1 == ira->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *casted_op2 = ir_implicit_cast(ira, op2, resolved_type);
    if (casted_op2 == ira->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    ConstExprValue *op1_val = &casted_op1->value;
    ConstExprValue *op2_val = &casted_op2->value;
    bool one_possible_value = !type_requires_comptime(resolved_type) && !type_has_bits(resolved_type);
    if (one_possible_value || (value_is_comptime(op1_val) && value_is_comptime(op2_val))) {
        bool answer;
        if (resolved_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat || resolved_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
            Cmp cmp_result = float_cmp(op1_val, op2_val);
            answer = resolve_cmp_op_id(op_id, cmp_result);
        } else if (resolved_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt || resolved_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt) {
            Cmp cmp_result = bigint_cmp(&op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint);
            answer = resolve_cmp_op_id(op_id, cmp_result);
        } else {
            bool are_equal = one_possible_value || const_values_equal(op1_val, op2_val);
            if (op_id == IrBinOpCmpEq) {
                answer = are_equal;
            } else if (op_id == IrBinOpCmpNotEq) {
                answer = !are_equal;
            } else {
                zig_unreachable();
            }
        }

        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base);
        out_val->data.x_bool = answer;
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
    }

    // some comparisons with unsigned numbers can be evaluated
    if (resolved_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt && !resolved_type->data.integral.is_signed) {
        ConstExprValue *known_left_val;
        IrBinOp flipped_op_id;
        if (value_is_comptime(op1_val)) {
            known_left_val = op1_val;
            flipped_op_id = op_id;
        } else if (value_is_comptime(op2_val)) {
            known_left_val = op2_val;
            if (op_id == IrBinOpCmpLessThan) {
                flipped_op_id = IrBinOpCmpGreaterThan;
            } else if (op_id == IrBinOpCmpGreaterThan) {
                flipped_op_id = IrBinOpCmpLessThan;
            } else if (op_id == IrBinOpCmpLessOrEq) {
                flipped_op_id = IrBinOpCmpGreaterOrEq;
            } else if (op_id == IrBinOpCmpGreaterOrEq) {
                flipped_op_id = IrBinOpCmpLessOrEq;
            } else {
                flipped_op_id = op_id;
            }
        } else {
            known_left_val = nullptr;
        }
        if (known_left_val != nullptr && bigint_cmp_zero(&known_left_val->data.x_bigint) == CmpEQ &&
            (flipped_op_id == IrBinOpCmpLessOrEq || flipped_op_id == IrBinOpCmpGreaterThan))
        {
            bool answer = (flipped_op_id == IrBinOpCmpLessOrEq);
            ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base);
            out_val->data.x_bool = answer;
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
        }
    }

    ir_build_bin_op_from(&ira->new_irb, &bin_op_instruction->base, op_id,
            casted_op1, casted_op2, bin_op_instruction->safety_check_on);

    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
}

static int ir_eval_math_op(TypeTableEntry *type_entry, ConstExprValue *op1_val,
        IrBinOp op_id, ConstExprValue *op2_val, ConstExprValue *out_val)
{
    bool is_int;
    bool is_float;
    Cmp op2_zcmp;
    if (type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt || type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt) {
        is_int = true;
        is_float = false;
        op2_zcmp = bigint_cmp_zero(&op2_val->data.x_bigint);
    } else if (type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat ||
                type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat)
    {
        is_int = false;
        is_float = true;
        op2_zcmp = float_cmp_zero(op2_val);
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }

    if ((op_id == IrBinOpDivUnspecified || op_id == IrBinOpRemRem || op_id == IrBinOpRemMod ||
        op_id == IrBinOpDivTrunc || op_id == IrBinOpDivFloor) && op2_zcmp == CmpEQ)
    {
        return ErrorDivByZero;
    }
    if ((op_id == IrBinOpRemRem || op_id == IrBinOpRemMod) && op2_zcmp == CmpLT) {
        return ErrorNegativeDenominator;
    }

    switch (op_id) {
        case IrBinOpInvalid:
        case IrBinOpBoolOr:
        case IrBinOpBoolAnd:
        case IrBinOpCmpEq:
        case IrBinOpCmpNotEq:
        case IrBinOpCmpLessThan:
        case IrBinOpCmpGreaterThan:
        case IrBinOpCmpLessOrEq:
        case IrBinOpCmpGreaterOrEq:
        case IrBinOpArrayCat:
        case IrBinOpArrayMult:
        case IrBinOpRemUnspecified:
        case IrBinOpMergeErrorSets:
            zig_unreachable();
        case IrBinOpBinOr:
            assert(is_int);
            bigint_or(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint);
            break;
        case IrBinOpBinXor:
            assert(is_int);
            bigint_xor(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint);
            break;
        case IrBinOpBinAnd:
            assert(is_int);
            bigint_and(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint);
            break;
        case IrBinOpBitShiftLeftExact:
            assert(is_int);
            bigint_shl(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint);
            break;
        case IrBinOpBitShiftLeftLossy:
            assert(type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt);
            bigint_shl_trunc(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint,
                    type_entry->data.integral.bit_count, type_entry->data.integral.is_signed);
            break;
        case IrBinOpBitShiftRightExact:
            {
                assert(is_int);
                bigint_shr(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint);
                BigInt orig_bigint;
                bigint_shl(&orig_bigint, &out_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint);
                if (bigint_cmp(&op1_val->data.x_bigint, &orig_bigint) != CmpEQ) {
                    return ErrorShiftedOutOneBits;
                }
                break;
            }
        case IrBinOpBitShiftRightLossy:
            assert(is_int);
            bigint_shr(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint);
            break;
        case IrBinOpAdd:
            if (is_int) {
                bigint_add(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint);
            } else {
                float_add(out_val, op1_val, op2_val);
            }
            break;
        case IrBinOpAddWrap:
            assert(type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt);
            bigint_add_wrap(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint,
                    type_entry->data.integral.bit_count, type_entry->data.integral.is_signed);
            break;
        case IrBinOpSub:
            if (is_int) {
                bigint_sub(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint);
            } else {
                float_sub(out_val, op1_val, op2_val);
            }
            break;
        case IrBinOpSubWrap:
            assert(type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt);
            bigint_sub_wrap(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint,
                    type_entry->data.integral.bit_count, type_entry->data.integral.is_signed);
            break;
        case IrBinOpMult:
            if (is_int) {
                bigint_mul(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint);
            } else {
                float_mul(out_val, op1_val, op2_val);
            }
            break;
        case IrBinOpMultWrap:
            assert(type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt);
            bigint_mul_wrap(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint,
                    type_entry->data.integral.bit_count, type_entry->data.integral.is_signed);
            break;
        case IrBinOpDivUnspecified:
            assert(is_float);
            float_div(out_val, op1_val, op2_val);
            break;
        case IrBinOpDivTrunc:
            if (is_int) {
                bigint_div_trunc(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint);
            } else {
                float_div_trunc(out_val, op1_val, op2_val);
            }
            break;
        case IrBinOpDivFloor:
            if (is_int) {
                bigint_div_floor(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint);
            } else {
                float_div_floor(out_val, op1_val, op2_val);
            }
            break;
        case IrBinOpDivExact:
            if (is_int) {
                bigint_div_trunc(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint);
                BigInt remainder;
                bigint_rem(&remainder, &op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint);
                if (bigint_cmp_zero(&remainder) != CmpEQ) {
                    return ErrorExactDivRemainder;
                }
            } else {
                float_div_trunc(out_val, op1_val, op2_val);
                ConstExprValue remainder;
                float_rem(&remainder, op1_val, op2_val);
                if (float_cmp_zero(&remainder) != CmpEQ) {
                    return ErrorExactDivRemainder;
                }
            }
            break;
        case IrBinOpRemRem:
            if (is_int) {
                bigint_rem(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint);
            } else {
                float_rem(out_val, op1_val, op2_val);
            }
            break;
        case IrBinOpRemMod:
            if (is_int) {
                bigint_mod(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &op1_val->data.x_bigint, &op2_val->data.x_bigint);
            } else {
                float_mod(out_val, op1_val, op2_val);
            }
            break;
    }

    if (type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt) {
        if (!bigint_fits_in_bits(&out_val->data.x_bigint, type_entry->data.integral.bit_count,
                type_entry->data.integral.is_signed))
        {
            return ErrorOverflow;
        }
    }

    out_val->type = type_entry;
    out_val->special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    return 0;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_bit_shift(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionBinOp *bin_op_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *op1 = bin_op_instruction->op1->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(op1->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (op1->value.type->id != TypeTableEntryIdInt && op1->value.type->id != TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base,
            buf_sprintf("bit shifting operation expected integer type, found '%s'",
                buf_ptr(&op1->value.type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    IrInstruction *op2 = bin_op_instruction->op2->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(op2->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *casted_op2;
    IrBinOp op_id = bin_op_instruction->op_id;
    if (op1->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt) {
        casted_op2 = op2;

        if (op_id == IrBinOpBitShiftLeftLossy) {
            op_id = IrBinOpBitShiftLeftExact;
        }

        if (casted_op2->value.data.x_bigint.is_negative) {
            Buf *val_buf = buf_alloc();
            bigint_append_buf(val_buf, &casted_op2->value.data.x_bigint, 10);
            ir_add_error(ira, casted_op2, buf_sprintf("shift by negative value %s", buf_ptr(val_buf)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    } else {
        TypeTableEntry *shift_amt_type = get_smallest_unsigned_int_type(ira->codegen,
                op1->value.type->data.integral.bit_count - 1);

        casted_op2 = ir_implicit_cast(ira, op2, shift_amt_type);
        if (casted_op2 == ira->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (instr_is_comptime(op1) && instr_is_comptime(casted_op2)) {
        ConstExprValue *op1_val = &op1->value;
        ConstExprValue *op2_val = &casted_op2->value;
        IrInstruction *result_instruction = ir_get_const(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base);
        ir_link_new_instruction(result_instruction, &bin_op_instruction->base);
        ConstExprValue *out_val = &result_instruction->value;

        int err;
        if ((err = ir_eval_math_op(op1->value.type, op1_val, op_id, op2_val, out_val))) {
            if (err == ErrorOverflow) {
                ir_add_error(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base, buf_sprintf("operation caused overflow"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            } else if (err == ErrorShiftedOutOneBits) {
                ir_add_error(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base, buf_sprintf("exact shift shifted out 1 bits"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            } else {
                zig_unreachable();
            }
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        ir_num_lit_fits_in_other_type(ira, result_instruction, op1->value.type, false);
        return op1->value.type;
    } else if (op1->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base,
                buf_sprintf("LHS of shift must be an integer type, or RHS must be compile-time known"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    ir_build_bin_op_from(&ira->new_irb, &bin_op_instruction->base, op_id,
            op1, casted_op2, bin_op_instruction->safety_check_on);
    return op1->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_bin_op_math(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionBinOp *bin_op_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *op1 = bin_op_instruction->op1->other;
    IrInstruction *op2 = bin_op_instruction->op2->other;
    IrInstruction *instructions[] = {op1, op2};
    TypeTableEntry *resolved_type = ir_resolve_peer_types(ira, bin_op_instruction->base.source_node, instructions, 2);
    if (type_is_invalid(resolved_type))
        return resolved_type;
    IrBinOp op_id = bin_op_instruction->op_id;

    bool is_int = resolved_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt || resolved_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt;
    bool is_float = resolved_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat || resolved_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat;
    bool is_signed_div = (
        (resolved_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt && resolved_type->data.integral.is_signed) ||
        resolved_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat ||
        (resolved_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat &&
            ((bigfloat_cmp_zero(&op1->value.data.x_bigfloat) != CmpGT) !=
             (bigfloat_cmp_zero(&op2->value.data.x_bigfloat) != CmpGT))) ||
        (resolved_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt &&
            ((bigint_cmp_zero(&op1->value.data.x_bigint) != CmpGT) !=
             (bigint_cmp_zero(&op2->value.data.x_bigint) != CmpGT)))
    );
    if (op_id == IrBinOpDivUnspecified && is_int) {
        if (is_signed_div) {
            bool ok = false;
            if (instr_is_comptime(op1) && instr_is_comptime(op2)) {
                if (bigint_cmp_zero(&op2->value.data.x_bigint) == CmpEQ) {
                    // the division by zero error will be caught later, but we don't have a
                    // division function ambiguity problem.
                    op_id = IrBinOpDivTrunc;
                    ok = true;
                } else {
                    BigInt trunc_result;
                    BigInt floor_result;
                    bigint_div_trunc(&trunc_result, &op1->value.data.x_bigint, &op2->value.data.x_bigint);
                    bigint_div_floor(&floor_result, &op1->value.data.x_bigint, &op2->value.data.x_bigint);
                    if (bigint_cmp(&trunc_result, &floor_result) == CmpEQ) {
                        ok = true;
                        op_id = IrBinOpDivTrunc;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (!ok) {
                ir_add_error(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base,
                    buf_sprintf("division with '%s' and '%s': signed integers must use @divTrunc, @divFloor, or @divExact",
                        buf_ptr(&op1->value.type->name),
                        buf_ptr(&op2->value.type->name)));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
        } else {
            op_id = IrBinOpDivTrunc;
        }
    } else if (op_id == IrBinOpRemUnspecified) {
        if (is_signed_div && (is_int || is_float)) {
            bool ok = false;
            if (instr_is_comptime(op1) && instr_is_comptime(op2)) {
                if (is_int) {
                    if (bigint_cmp_zero(&op2->value.data.x_bigint) == CmpEQ) {
                        // the division by zero error will be caught later, but we don't
                        // have a remainder function ambiguity problem
                        ok = true;
                    } else {
                        BigInt rem_result;
                        BigInt mod_result;
                        bigint_rem(&rem_result, &op1->value.data.x_bigint, &op2->value.data.x_bigint);
                        bigint_mod(&mod_result, &op1->value.data.x_bigint, &op2->value.data.x_bigint);
                        ok = bigint_cmp(&rem_result, &mod_result) == CmpEQ;
                    }
                } else {
                    IrInstruction *casted_op2 = ir_implicit_cast(ira, op2, resolved_type);
                    if (casted_op2 == ira->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                    if (float_cmp_zero(&casted_op2->value) == CmpEQ) {
                        // the division by zero error will be caught later, but we don't
                        // have a remainder function ambiguity problem
                        ok = true;
                    } else {
                        ConstExprValue rem_result;
                        ConstExprValue mod_result;
                        float_rem(&rem_result, &op1->value, &casted_op2->value);
                        float_mod(&mod_result, &op1->value, &casted_op2->value);
                        ok = float_cmp(&rem_result, &mod_result) == CmpEQ;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (!ok) {
                ir_add_error(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base,
                    buf_sprintf("remainder division with '%s' and '%s': signed integers and floats must use @rem or @mod",
                        buf_ptr(&op1->value.type->name),
                        buf_ptr(&op2->value.type->name)));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
        }
        op_id = IrBinOpRemRem;
    }

    if (is_int) {
        // int
    } else if (is_float &&
        (op_id == IrBinOpAdd ||
        op_id == IrBinOpSub ||
        op_id == IrBinOpMult ||
        op_id == IrBinOpDivUnspecified ||
        op_id == IrBinOpDivTrunc ||
        op_id == IrBinOpDivFloor ||
        op_id == IrBinOpDivExact ||
        op_id == IrBinOpRemRem ||
        op_id == IrBinOpRemMod))
    {
        // float
    } else {
        AstNode *source_node = bin_op_instruction->base.source_node;
        ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
            buf_sprintf("invalid operands to binary expression: '%s' and '%s'",
                buf_ptr(&op1->value.type->name),
                buf_ptr(&op2->value.type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (resolved_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt) {
        if (op_id == IrBinOpAddWrap) {
            op_id = IrBinOpAdd;
        } else if (op_id == IrBinOpSubWrap) {
            op_id = IrBinOpSub;
        } else if (op_id == IrBinOpMultWrap) {
            op_id = IrBinOpMult;
        }
    }

    IrInstruction *casted_op1 = ir_implicit_cast(ira, op1, resolved_type);
    if (casted_op1 == ira->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *casted_op2 = ir_implicit_cast(ira, op2, resolved_type);
    if (casted_op2 == ira->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (instr_is_comptime(casted_op1) && instr_is_comptime(casted_op2)) {
        ConstExprValue *op1_val = &casted_op1->value;
        ConstExprValue *op2_val = &casted_op2->value;
        IrInstruction *result_instruction = ir_get_const(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base);
        ir_link_new_instruction(result_instruction, &bin_op_instruction->base);
        ConstExprValue *out_val = &result_instruction->value;

        int err;
        if ((err = ir_eval_math_op(resolved_type, op1_val, op_id, op2_val, out_val))) {
            if (err == ErrorDivByZero) {
                ir_add_error(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base, buf_sprintf("division by zero"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            } else if (err == ErrorOverflow) {
                ir_add_error(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base, buf_sprintf("operation caused overflow"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            } else if (err == ErrorExactDivRemainder) {
                ir_add_error(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base, buf_sprintf("exact division had a remainder"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            } else if (err == ErrorNegativeDenominator) {
                ir_add_error(ira, &bin_op_instruction->base, buf_sprintf("negative denominator"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            } else {
                zig_unreachable();
            }
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        ir_num_lit_fits_in_other_type(ira, result_instruction, resolved_type, false);
        return resolved_type;
    }

    ir_build_bin_op_from(&ira->new_irb, &bin_op_instruction->base, op_id,
            casted_op1, casted_op2, bin_op_instruction->safety_check_on);
    return resolved_type;
}


static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_array_cat(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionBinOp *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *op1 = instruction->op1->other;
    TypeTableEntry *op1_type = op1->value.type;
    if (type_is_invalid(op1_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *op2 = instruction->op2->other;
    TypeTableEntry *op2_type = op2->value.type;
    if (type_is_invalid(op2_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    ConstExprValue *op1_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, op1, UndefBad);
    if (!op1_val)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    ConstExprValue *op2_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, op2, UndefBad);
    if (!op2_val)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    ConstExprValue *op1_array_val;
    size_t op1_array_index;
    size_t op1_array_end;
    TypeTableEntry *child_type;
    if (op1_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray) {
        child_type = op1_type->data.array.child_type;
        op1_array_val = op1_val;
        op1_array_index = 0;
        op1_array_end = op1_type->data.array.len;
    } else if (op1_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer &&
        op1_type->data.pointer.child_type == ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_u8 &&
        op1_val->data.x_ptr.special == ConstPtrSpecialBaseArray &&
        op1_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.is_cstr)
    {
        child_type = op1_type->data.pointer.child_type;
        op1_array_val = op1_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val;
        op1_array_index = op1_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.elem_index;
        op1_array_end = op1_array_val->type->data.array.len - 1;
    } else if (is_slice(op1_type)) {
        TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = op1_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry;
        child_type = ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type;
        ConstExprValue *ptr_val = &op1_val->data.x_struct.fields[slice_ptr_index];
        assert(ptr_val->data.x_ptr.special == ConstPtrSpecialBaseArray);
        op1_array_val = ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val;
        op1_array_index = ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.elem_index;
        op1_array_end = op1_array_val->type->data.array.len;
    } else {
        ir_add_error(ira, op1,
            buf_sprintf("expected array or C string literal, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&op1->value.type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    ConstExprValue *op2_array_val;
    size_t op2_array_index;
    size_t op2_array_end;
    if (op2_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray) {
        if (op2_type->data.array.child_type != child_type) {
            ir_add_error(ira, op2, buf_sprintf("expected array of type '%s', found '%s'",
                        buf_ptr(&child_type->name),
                        buf_ptr(&op2->value.type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        op2_array_val = op2_val;
        op2_array_index = 0;
        op2_array_end = op2_array_val->type->data.array.len;
    } else if (op2_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer &&
        op2_type->data.pointer.child_type == ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_u8 &&
        op2_val->data.x_ptr.special == ConstPtrSpecialBaseArray &&
        op2_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.is_cstr)
    {
        if (child_type != ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_u8) {
            ir_add_error(ira, op2, buf_sprintf("expected array of type '%s', found '%s'",
                        buf_ptr(&child_type->name),
                        buf_ptr(&op2->value.type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        op2_array_val = op2_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val;
        op2_array_index = op2_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.elem_index;
        op2_array_end = op2_array_val->type->data.array.len - 1;
    } else if (is_slice(op2_type)) {
        TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = op2_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry;
        if (ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type != child_type) {
            ir_add_error(ira, op2, buf_sprintf("expected array of type '%s', found '%s'",
                        buf_ptr(&child_type->name),
                        buf_ptr(&op2->value.type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        ConstExprValue *ptr_val = &op2_val->data.x_struct.fields[slice_ptr_index];
        assert(ptr_val->data.x_ptr.special == ConstPtrSpecialBaseArray);
        op2_array_val = ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val;
        op2_array_index = ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.elem_index;
        op2_array_end = op2_array_val->type->data.array.len;
    } else {
        ir_add_error(ira, op2,
            buf_sprintf("expected array or C string literal, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&op2->value.type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);

    TypeTableEntry *result_type;
    ConstExprValue *out_array_val;
    size_t new_len = (op1_array_end - op1_array_index) + (op2_array_end - op2_array_index);
    if (op1_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray || op2_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray) {
        result_type = get_array_type(ira->codegen, child_type, new_len);

        out_array_val = out_val;
    } else if (is_slice(op1_type) || is_slice(op2_type)) {
        TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, child_type, true);
        result_type = get_slice_type(ira->codegen, ptr_type);
        out_array_val = create_const_vals(1);
        out_array_val->special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
        out_array_val->type = get_array_type(ira->codegen, child_type, new_len);

        out_val->data.x_struct.fields = create_const_vals(2);

        out_val->data.x_struct.fields[slice_ptr_index].type = ptr_type;
        out_val->data.x_struct.fields[slice_ptr_index].special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
        out_val->data.x_struct.fields[slice_ptr_index].data.x_ptr.special = ConstPtrSpecialBaseArray;
        out_val->data.x_struct.fields[slice_ptr_index].data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val = out_array_val;
        out_val->data.x_struct.fields[slice_ptr_index].data.x_ptr.data.base_array.elem_index = 0;

        out_val->data.x_struct.fields[slice_len_index].type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize;
        out_val->data.x_struct.fields[slice_len_index].special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
        bigint_init_unsigned(&out_val->data.x_struct.fields[slice_len_index].data.x_bigint, new_len);
    } else {
        new_len += 1; // null byte

        result_type = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, child_type, true);

        out_array_val = create_const_vals(1);
        out_array_val->special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
        out_array_val->type = get_array_type(ira->codegen, child_type, new_len);
        out_val->data.x_ptr.special = ConstPtrSpecialBaseArray;
        out_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.is_cstr = true;
        out_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val = out_array_val;
        out_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.elem_index = 0;
    }
    out_array_val->data.x_array.s_none.elements = create_const_vals(new_len);

    expand_undef_array(ira->codegen, op1_array_val);

    size_t next_index = 0;
    for (size_t i = op1_array_index; i < op1_array_end; i += 1, next_index += 1) {
        out_array_val->data.x_array.s_none.elements[next_index] = op1_array_val->data.x_array.s_none.elements[i];
    }
    for (size_t i = op2_array_index; i < op2_array_end; i += 1, next_index += 1) {
        out_array_val->data.x_array.s_none.elements[next_index] = op2_array_val->data.x_array.s_none.elements[i];
    }
    if (next_index < new_len) {
        ConstExprValue *null_byte = &out_array_val->data.x_array.s_none.elements[next_index];
        init_const_unsigned_negative(null_byte, child_type, 0, false);
        next_index += 1;
    }
    assert(next_index == new_len);

    return result_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_array_mult(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionBinOp *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *op1 = instruction->op1->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(op1->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *op2 = instruction->op2->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(op2->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    ConstExprValue *array_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, op1, UndefBad);
    if (!array_val)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    uint64_t mult_amt;
    if (!ir_resolve_usize(ira, op2, &mult_amt))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *array_type = op1->value.type;
    if (array_type->id != TypeTableEntryIdArray) {
        ir_add_error(ira, op1, buf_sprintf("expected array type, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&op1->value.type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    uint64_t old_array_len = array_type->data.array.len;
    uint64_t new_array_len;

    if (mul_u64_overflow(old_array_len, mult_amt, &new_array_len))
    {
        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("operation results in overflow"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);

    out_val->data.x_array.s_none.elements = create_const_vals(new_array_len);

    expand_undef_array(ira->codegen, array_val);

    uint64_t i = 0;
    for (uint64_t x = 0; x < mult_amt; x += 1) {
        for (uint64_t y = 0; y < old_array_len; y += 1) {
            out_val->data.x_array.s_none.elements[i] = array_val->data.x_array.s_none.elements[y];
            i += 1;
        }
    }
    assert(i == new_array_len);

    TypeTableEntry *child_type = array_type->data.array.child_type;
    return get_array_type(ira->codegen, child_type, new_array_len);
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_merge_error_sets(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionBinOp *instruction) {
    TypeTableEntry *op1_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, instruction->op1->other);
    if (type_is_invalid(op1_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *op2_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, instruction->op2->other);
    if (type_is_invalid(op2_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (type_is_global_error_set(op1_type) ||
        type_is_global_error_set(op2_type))
    {
        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        out_val->data.x_type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_global_error_set;
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
    }

    if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, op1_type, instruction->op1->other->source_node)) {
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, op2_type, instruction->op2->other->source_node)) {
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    ErrorTableEntry **errors = allocate<ErrorTableEntry *>(ira->codegen->errors_by_index.length);
    for (uint32_t i = 0, count = op1_type->data.error_set.err_count; i < count; i += 1) {
        ErrorTableEntry *error_entry = op1_type->data.error_set.errors[i];
        assert(errors[error_entry->value] == nullptr);
        errors[error_entry->value] = error_entry;
    }
    TypeTableEntry *result_type = get_error_set_union(ira->codegen, errors, op1_type, op2_type);
    free(errors);


    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    out_val->data.x_type = result_type;
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_bin_op(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionBinOp *bin_op_instruction) {
    IrBinOp op_id = bin_op_instruction->op_id;
    switch (op_id) {
        case IrBinOpInvalid:
            zig_unreachable();
        case IrBinOpBoolOr:
        case IrBinOpBoolAnd:
            return ir_analyze_bin_op_bool(ira, bin_op_instruction);
        case IrBinOpCmpEq:
        case IrBinOpCmpNotEq:
        case IrBinOpCmpLessThan:
        case IrBinOpCmpGreaterThan:
        case IrBinOpCmpLessOrEq:
        case IrBinOpCmpGreaterOrEq:
            return ir_analyze_bin_op_cmp(ira, bin_op_instruction);
        case IrBinOpBitShiftLeftLossy:
        case IrBinOpBitShiftLeftExact:
        case IrBinOpBitShiftRightLossy:
        case IrBinOpBitShiftRightExact:
            return ir_analyze_bit_shift(ira, bin_op_instruction);
        case IrBinOpBinOr:
        case IrBinOpBinXor:
        case IrBinOpBinAnd:
        case IrBinOpAdd:
        case IrBinOpAddWrap:
        case IrBinOpSub:
        case IrBinOpSubWrap:
        case IrBinOpMult:
        case IrBinOpMultWrap:
        case IrBinOpDivUnspecified:
        case IrBinOpDivTrunc:
        case IrBinOpDivFloor:
        case IrBinOpDivExact:
        case IrBinOpRemUnspecified:
        case IrBinOpRemRem:
        case IrBinOpRemMod:
            return ir_analyze_bin_op_math(ira, bin_op_instruction);
        case IrBinOpArrayCat:
            return ir_analyze_array_cat(ira, bin_op_instruction);
        case IrBinOpArrayMult:
            return ir_analyze_array_mult(ira, bin_op_instruction);
        case IrBinOpMergeErrorSets:
            return ir_analyze_merge_error_sets(ira, bin_op_instruction);
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

enum VarClassRequired {
    VarClassRequiredAny,
    VarClassRequiredConst,
    VarClassRequiredIllegal,
};

static VarClassRequired get_var_class_required(TypeTableEntry *type_entry) {
    switch (type_entry->id) {
        case TypeTableEntryIdInvalid:
            zig_unreachable();
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable:
            return VarClassRequiredIllegal;
        case TypeTableEntryIdBool:
        case TypeTableEntryIdInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdVoid:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPromise:
            return VarClassRequiredAny;
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBlock:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNullLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdOpaque:
        case TypeTableEntryIdMetaType:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNamespace:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBoundFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple:
            return VarClassRequiredConst;

        case TypeTableEntryIdPointer:
            if (type_entry->data.pointer.child_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdOpaque) {
                return VarClassRequiredAny;
            } else {
                return get_var_class_required(type_entry->data.pointer.child_type);
            }
        case TypeTableEntryIdArray:
            return get_var_class_required(type_entry->data.array.child_type);
        case TypeTableEntryIdMaybe:
            return get_var_class_required(type_entry->data.maybe.child_type);
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion:
            return get_var_class_required(type_entry->data.error_union.payload_type);

        case TypeTableEntryIdStruct:
        case TypeTableEntryIdEnum:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnion:
            // TODO check the fields of these things and make sure that they don't recursively
            // contain any of the other variable classes
            return VarClassRequiredAny;
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_decl_var(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionDeclVar *decl_var_instruction) {
    VariableTableEntry *var = decl_var_instruction->var;

    IrInstruction *init_value = decl_var_instruction->init_value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(init_value->value.type)) {
        var->value->type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        return var->value->type;
    }

    var->ref_count = 0;

    TypeTableEntry *explicit_type = nullptr;
    IrInstruction *var_type = nullptr;
    if (decl_var_instruction->var_type != nullptr) {
        var_type = decl_var_instruction->var_type->other;
        TypeTableEntry *proposed_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, var_type);
        explicit_type = validate_var_type(ira->codegen, var_type->source_node, proposed_type);
        if (type_is_invalid(explicit_type)) {
            var->value->type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            return var->value->type;
        }
    }

    AstNode *source_node = decl_var_instruction->base.source_node;

    IrInstruction *casted_init_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, init_value, explicit_type);
    bool is_comptime_var = ir_get_var_is_comptime(var);

    bool var_class_requires_const = false;

    TypeTableEntry *result_type = casted_init_value->value.type;
    if (type_is_invalid(result_type)) {
        result_type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    } else {
        switch (get_var_class_required(result_type)) {
            case VarClassRequiredIllegal:
                ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("variable of type '%s' not allowed", buf_ptr(&result_type->name)));
                result_type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                break;
            case VarClassRequiredConst:
                var_class_requires_const = true;
                if (!var->src_is_const && !is_comptime_var) {
                    ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                        buf_sprintf("variable of type '%s' must be const or comptime",
                            buf_ptr(&result_type->name)));
                    result_type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                }
                break;
            case VarClassRequiredAny:
                // OK
                break;
        }
    }

    var->value->type = result_type;
    assert(var->value->type);

    if (type_is_invalid(result_type)) {
        decl_var_instruction->base.other = &decl_var_instruction->base;
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    }

    if (decl_var_instruction->align_value == nullptr) {
        var->align_bytes = get_abi_alignment(ira->codegen, result_type);
    } else {
        if (!ir_resolve_align(ira, decl_var_instruction->align_value->other, &var->align_bytes)) {
            var->value->type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    }

    if (casted_init_value->value.special != ConstValSpecialRuntime) {
        if (var->mem_slot_index != SIZE_MAX) {
            assert(var->mem_slot_index < ira->exec_context.mem_slot_count);
            ConstExprValue *mem_slot = &ira->exec_context.mem_slot_list[var->mem_slot_index];
            *mem_slot = casted_init_value->value;

            if (is_comptime_var || (var_class_requires_const && var->gen_is_const)) {
                ir_build_const_from(ira, &decl_var_instruction->base);
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
            }
        }
    } else if (is_comptime_var) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &decl_var_instruction->base,
                buf_sprintf("cannot store runtime value in compile time variable"));
        var->value->type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    ir_build_var_decl_from(&ira->new_irb, &decl_var_instruction->base, var, var_type, nullptr, casted_init_value);

    FnTableEntry *fn_entry = exec_fn_entry(ira->new_irb.exec);
    if (fn_entry)
        fn_entry->variable_list.append(var);

    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_export(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionExport *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *name = instruction->name->other;
    Buf *symbol_name = ir_resolve_str(ira, name);
    if (symbol_name == nullptr) {
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    IrInstruction *target = instruction->target->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(target->value.type)) {
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    GlobalLinkageId global_linkage_id = GlobalLinkageIdStrong;
    if (instruction->linkage != nullptr) {
        IrInstruction *linkage_value = instruction->linkage->other;
        if (!ir_resolve_global_linkage(ira, linkage_value, &global_linkage_id)) {
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    }

    auto entry = ira->codegen->exported_symbol_names.put_unique(symbol_name, instruction->base.source_node);
    if (entry) {
        AstNode *other_export_node = entry->value;
        ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base,
                buf_sprintf("exported symbol collision: '%s'", buf_ptr(symbol_name)));
        add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, other_export_node, buf_sprintf("other symbol is here"));
    }

    switch (target->value.type->id) {
        case TypeTableEntryIdInvalid:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable:
            zig_unreachable();
        case TypeTableEntryIdFn: {
            assert(target->value.data.x_ptr.special == ConstPtrSpecialFunction);
            FnTableEntry *fn_entry = target->value.data.x_ptr.data.fn.fn_entry;
            CallingConvention cc = fn_entry->type_entry->data.fn.fn_type_id.cc;
            switch (cc) {
                case CallingConventionUnspecified: {
                    ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, target,
                        buf_sprintf("exported function must specify calling convention"));
                    add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, fn_entry->proto_node, buf_sprintf("declared here"));
                } break;
                case CallingConventionAsync: {
                    ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, target,
                        buf_sprintf("exported function cannot be async"));
                    add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, fn_entry->proto_node, buf_sprintf("declared here"));
                } break;
                case CallingConventionC:
                case CallingConventionNaked:
                case CallingConventionCold:
                case CallingConventionStdcall:
                    add_fn_export(ira->codegen, fn_entry, symbol_name, global_linkage_id, cc == CallingConventionC);
                    break;
            }
        } break;
        case TypeTableEntryIdStruct:
            if (is_slice(target->value.type)) {
                ir_add_error(ira, target,
                    buf_sprintf("unable to export value of type '%s'", buf_ptr(&target->value.type->name)));
            } else if (target->value.type->data.structure.layout != ContainerLayoutExtern) {
                ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, target,
                    buf_sprintf("exported struct value must be declared extern"));
                add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, target->value.type->data.structure.decl_node, buf_sprintf("declared here"));
            }
            break;
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnion:
            if (target->value.type->data.unionation.layout != ContainerLayoutExtern) {
                ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, target,
                    buf_sprintf("exported union value must be declared extern"));
                add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, target->value.type->data.unionation.decl_node, buf_sprintf("declared here"));
            }
            break;
        case TypeTableEntryIdEnum:
            if (target->value.type->data.enumeration.layout != ContainerLayoutExtern) {
                ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, target,
                    buf_sprintf("exported enum value must be declared extern"));
                add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, target->value.type->data.enumeration.decl_node, buf_sprintf("declared here"));
            }
            break;
        case TypeTableEntryIdMetaType: {
            TypeTableEntry *type_value = target->value.data.x_type;
            switch (type_value->id) {
                case TypeTableEntryIdInvalid:
                    zig_unreachable();
                case TypeTableEntryIdStruct:
                    if (is_slice(type_value)) {
                        ir_add_error(ira, target,
                            buf_sprintf("unable to export type '%s'", buf_ptr(&type_value->name)));
                    } else if (type_value->data.structure.layout != ContainerLayoutExtern) {
                        ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, target,
                            buf_sprintf("exported struct must be declared extern"));
                        add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, type_value->data.structure.decl_node, buf_sprintf("declared here"));
                    }
                    break;
                case TypeTableEntryIdUnion:
                    if (type_value->data.unionation.layout != ContainerLayoutExtern) {
                        ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, target,
                            buf_sprintf("exported union must be declared extern"));
                        add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, type_value->data.unionation.decl_node, buf_sprintf("declared here"));
                    }
                    break;
                case TypeTableEntryIdEnum:
                    if (type_value->data.enumeration.layout != ContainerLayoutExtern) {
                        ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, target,
                            buf_sprintf("exported enum must be declared extern"));
                        add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, type_value->data.enumeration.decl_node, buf_sprintf("declared here"));
                    }
                    break;
                case TypeTableEntryIdFn: {
                    if (type_value->data.fn.fn_type_id.cc == CallingConventionUnspecified) {
                        ir_add_error(ira, target,
                            buf_sprintf("exported function type must specify calling convention"));
                    }
                } break;
                case TypeTableEntryIdInt:
                case TypeTableEntryIdFloat:
                case TypeTableEntryIdPointer:
                case TypeTableEntryIdArray:
                case TypeTableEntryIdBool:
                    break;
                case TypeTableEntryIdMetaType:
                case TypeTableEntryIdVoid:
                case TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable:
                case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat:
                case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt:
                case TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit:
                case TypeTableEntryIdNullLit:
                case TypeTableEntryIdMaybe:
                case TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion:
                case TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet:
                case TypeTableEntryIdNamespace:
                case TypeTableEntryIdBlock:
                case TypeTableEntryIdBoundFn:
                case TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple:
                case TypeTableEntryIdOpaque:
                case TypeTableEntryIdPromise:
                    ir_add_error(ira, target,
                        buf_sprintf("invalid export target '%s'", buf_ptr(&type_value->name)));
                    break;
            }
        } break;
        case TypeTableEntryIdVoid:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBool:
        case TypeTableEntryIdInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPointer:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArray:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNullLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdMaybe:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet:
            zig_panic("TODO export const value of type %s", buf_ptr(&target->value.type->name));
        case TypeTableEntryIdNamespace:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBlock:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBoundFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple:
        case TypeTableEntryIdOpaque:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPromise:
            ir_add_error(ira, target,
                    buf_sprintf("invalid export target type '%s'", buf_ptr(&target->value.type->name)));
            break;
    }

    ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
}

static bool exec_has_err_ret_trace(CodeGen *g, IrExecutable *exec) {
    FnTableEntry *fn_entry = exec_fn_entry(exec);
    return fn_entry != nullptr && fn_entry->calls_or_awaits_errorable_fn && g->have_err_ret_tracing;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_error_return_trace(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionErrorReturnTrace *instruction)
{
    if (instruction->nullable == IrInstructionErrorReturnTrace::Null) {
        TypeTableEntry *ptr_to_stack_trace_type = get_ptr_to_stack_trace_type(ira->codegen);
        TypeTableEntry *nullable_type = get_maybe_type(ira->codegen, ptr_to_stack_trace_type);
        if (!exec_has_err_ret_trace(ira->codegen, ira->new_irb.exec)) {
            ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
            out_val->data.x_maybe = nullptr;
            return nullable_type;
        }
        IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_error_return_trace(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
                instruction->base.source_node, instruction->nullable);
        ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, &instruction->base);
        return nullable_type;
    } else {
        assert(ira->codegen->have_err_ret_tracing);
        IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_error_return_trace(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
                instruction->base.source_node, instruction->nullable);
        ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, &instruction->base);
        return get_ptr_to_stack_trace_type(ira->codegen);
    }
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_error_union(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionErrorUnion *instruction)
{
    TypeTableEntry *err_set_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, instruction->err_set->other);
    if (type_is_invalid(err_set_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *payload_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, instruction->payload->other);
    if (type_is_invalid(payload_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (err_set_type->id != TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet) {
        ir_add_error(ira, instruction->err_set->other,
            buf_sprintf("expected error set type, found type '%s'",
                buf_ptr(&err_set_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    TypeTableEntry *result_type = get_error_union_type(ira->codegen, err_set_type, payload_type);

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    out_val->data.x_type = result_type;
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
}

IrInstruction *ir_get_implicit_allocator(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr, ImplicitAllocatorId id) {
    FnTableEntry *parent_fn_entry = exec_fn_entry(ira->new_irb.exec);
    if (parent_fn_entry == nullptr) {
        ir_add_error(ira, source_instr, buf_sprintf("no implicit allocator available"));
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    FnTypeId *parent_fn_type = &parent_fn_entry->type_entry->data.fn.fn_type_id;
    if (parent_fn_type->cc != CallingConventionAsync) {
        ir_add_error(ira, source_instr, buf_sprintf("async function call from non-async caller requires allocator parameter"));
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    assert(parent_fn_type->async_allocator_type != nullptr);

    switch (id) {
        case ImplicitAllocatorIdArg:
            {
                IrInstruction *result = ir_build_get_implicit_allocator(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
                        source_instr->source_node, ImplicitAllocatorIdArg);
                result->value.type = parent_fn_type->async_allocator_type;
                return result;
            }
        case ImplicitAllocatorIdLocalVar:
            {
                VariableTableEntry *coro_allocator_var = ira->old_irb.exec->coro_allocator_var;
                assert(coro_allocator_var != nullptr);
                IrInstruction *var_ptr_inst = ir_get_var_ptr(ira, source_instr, coro_allocator_var, true, false);
                IrInstruction *result = ir_get_deref(ira, source_instr, var_ptr_inst);
                assert(result->value.type != nullptr);
                return result;
            }
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_async_call(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCall *call_instruction, FnTableEntry *fn_entry, TypeTableEntry *fn_type,
    IrInstruction *fn_ref, IrInstruction **casted_args, size_t arg_count, IrInstruction *async_allocator_inst)
{
    Buf *alloc_field_name = buf_create_from_str(ASYNC_ALLOC_FIELD_NAME);
    //Buf *free_field_name = buf_create_from_str("freeFn");
    assert(async_allocator_inst->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
    TypeTableEntry *container_type = async_allocator_inst->value.type->data.pointer.child_type;
    IrInstruction *field_ptr_inst = ir_analyze_container_field_ptr(ira, alloc_field_name, &call_instruction->base,
            async_allocator_inst, container_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(field_ptr_inst->value.type)) {
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }
    TypeTableEntry *ptr_to_alloc_fn_type = field_ptr_inst->value.type;
    assert(ptr_to_alloc_fn_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);

    TypeTableEntry *alloc_fn_type = ptr_to_alloc_fn_type->data.pointer.child_type;
    if (alloc_fn_type->id != TypeTableEntryIdFn) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &call_instruction->base,
                buf_sprintf("expected allocation function, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&alloc_fn_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    TypeTableEntry *alloc_fn_return_type = alloc_fn_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.return_type;
    if (alloc_fn_return_type->id != TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion) {
        ir_add_error(ira, fn_ref,
            buf_sprintf("expected allocation function to return error union, but it returns '%s'", buf_ptr(&alloc_fn_return_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }
    TypeTableEntry *alloc_fn_error_set_type = alloc_fn_return_type->data.error_union.err_set_type;
    TypeTableEntry *return_type = fn_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.return_type;
    TypeTableEntry *promise_type = get_promise_type(ira->codegen, return_type);
    TypeTableEntry *async_return_type = get_error_union_type(ira->codegen, alloc_fn_error_set_type, promise_type);

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_call(&ira->new_irb, call_instruction->base.scope, call_instruction->base.source_node,
        fn_entry, fn_ref, arg_count, casted_args, false, FnInlineAuto, true, async_allocator_inst);
    result->value.type = async_return_type;
    return result;
}

static bool ir_analyze_fn_call_inline_arg(IrAnalyze *ira, AstNode *fn_proto_node,
    IrInstruction *arg, Scope **exec_scope, size_t *next_proto_i)
{
    AstNode *param_decl_node = fn_proto_node->data.fn_proto.params.at(*next_proto_i);
    assert(param_decl_node->type == NodeTypeParamDecl);

    IrInstruction *casted_arg;
    if (param_decl_node->data.param_decl.var_token == nullptr) {
        AstNode *param_type_node = param_decl_node->data.param_decl.type;
        TypeTableEntry *param_type = analyze_type_expr(ira->codegen, *exec_scope, param_type_node);
        if (type_is_invalid(param_type))
            return false;

        casted_arg = ir_implicit_cast(ira, arg, param_type);
        if (type_is_invalid(casted_arg->value.type))
            return false;
    } else {
        casted_arg = arg;
    }

    ConstExprValue *arg_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_arg, UndefBad);
    if (!arg_val)
        return false;

    Buf *param_name = param_decl_node->data.param_decl.name;
    VariableTableEntry *var = add_variable(ira->codegen, param_decl_node,
        *exec_scope, param_name, true, arg_val, nullptr);
    *exec_scope = var->child_scope;
    *next_proto_i += 1;

    return true;
}

static bool ir_analyze_fn_call_generic_arg(IrAnalyze *ira, AstNode *fn_proto_node,
    IrInstruction *arg, Scope **child_scope, size_t *next_proto_i,
    GenericFnTypeId *generic_id, FnTypeId *fn_type_id, IrInstruction **casted_args,
    FnTableEntry *impl_fn)
{
    AstNode *param_decl_node = fn_proto_node->data.fn_proto.params.at(*next_proto_i);
    assert(param_decl_node->type == NodeTypeParamDecl);
    bool is_var_args = param_decl_node->data.param_decl.is_var_args;
    bool arg_part_of_generic_id = false;
    IrInstruction *casted_arg;
    if (is_var_args) {
        arg_part_of_generic_id = true;
        casted_arg = ir_implicit_byval_const_ref_cast(ira, arg);
    } else {
        if (param_decl_node->data.param_decl.var_token == nullptr) {
            AstNode *param_type_node = param_decl_node->data.param_decl.type;
            TypeTableEntry *param_type = analyze_type_expr(ira->codegen, *child_scope, param_type_node);
            if (type_is_invalid(param_type))
                return false;

            casted_arg = ir_implicit_cast(ira, arg, param_type);
            if (type_is_invalid(casted_arg->value.type))
                return false;
        } else {
            arg_part_of_generic_id = true;
            casted_arg = ir_implicit_byval_const_ref_cast(ira, arg);
        }
    }

    bool comptime_arg = param_decl_node->data.param_decl.is_inline;

    ConstExprValue *arg_val;

    if (comptime_arg) {
        arg_part_of_generic_id = true;
        arg_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_arg, UndefBad);
        if (!arg_val)
            return false;
    } else {
        arg_val = create_const_runtime(casted_arg->value.type);
    }
    if (arg_part_of_generic_id) {
        generic_id->params[generic_id->param_count] = *arg_val;
        generic_id->param_count += 1;
    }

    Buf *param_name = param_decl_node->data.param_decl.name;
    if (!is_var_args) {
        VariableTableEntry *var = add_variable(ira->codegen, param_decl_node,
            *child_scope, param_name, true, arg_val, nullptr);
        *child_scope = var->child_scope;
        var->shadowable = !comptime_arg;

        *next_proto_i += 1;
    }

    if (!comptime_arg) {
        if (type_requires_comptime(casted_arg->value.type)) {
            ir_add_error(ira, casted_arg,
                buf_sprintf("parameter of type '%s' requires comptime", buf_ptr(&casted_arg->value.type->name)));
            return false;
        }

        casted_args[fn_type_id->param_count] = casted_arg;
        FnTypeParamInfo *param_info = &fn_type_id->param_info[fn_type_id->param_count];
        param_info->type = casted_arg->value.type;
        param_info->is_noalias = param_decl_node->data.param_decl.is_noalias;
        impl_fn->param_source_nodes[fn_type_id->param_count] = param_decl_node;
        fn_type_id->param_count += 1;
    }

    return true;
}

static VariableTableEntry *get_fn_var_by_index(FnTableEntry *fn_entry, size_t index) {
    size_t next_var_i = 0;
    FnGenParamInfo *gen_param_info = fn_entry->type_entry->data.fn.gen_param_info;
    assert(gen_param_info != nullptr);
    for (size_t param_i = 0; param_i < index; param_i += 1) {
        FnGenParamInfo *info = &gen_param_info[param_i];
        if (info->gen_index == SIZE_MAX)
            continue;

        next_var_i += 1;
    }
    FnGenParamInfo *info = &gen_param_info[index];
    if (info->gen_index == SIZE_MAX)
        return nullptr;

    return fn_entry->variable_list.at(next_var_i);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_get_var_ptr(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *instruction,
        VariableTableEntry *var, bool is_const_ptr, bool is_volatile_ptr)
{
    if (var->mem_slot_index != SIZE_MAX && var->owner_exec->analysis == nullptr) {
        assert(ira->codegen->errors.length != 0);
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }
    assert(var->value->type);
    if (type_is_invalid(var->value->type))
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    bool comptime_var_mem = ir_get_var_is_comptime(var);

    ConstExprValue *mem_slot = nullptr;
    if (var->value->special == ConstValSpecialStatic) {
        mem_slot = var->value;
    } else {
        if (var->mem_slot_index != SIZE_MAX && (comptime_var_mem || var->gen_is_const)) {
            // find the relevant exec_context
            assert(var->owner_exec != nullptr);
            assert(var->owner_exec->analysis != nullptr);
            IrExecContext *exec_context = &var->owner_exec->analysis->exec_context;
            assert(var->mem_slot_index < exec_context->mem_slot_count);
            mem_slot = &exec_context->mem_slot_list[var->mem_slot_index];
        }
    }

    bool is_const = (var->value->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMetaType) ? is_const_ptr : var->src_is_const;
    bool is_volatile = (var->value->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMetaType) ? is_volatile_ptr : false;
    if (mem_slot != nullptr) {
        switch (mem_slot->special) {
            case ConstValSpecialRuntime:
                goto no_mem_slot;
            case ConstValSpecialStatic: // fallthrough
            case ConstValSpecialUndef: {
                ConstPtrMut ptr_mut;
                if (comptime_var_mem) {
                    ptr_mut = ConstPtrMutComptimeVar;
                } else if (var->gen_is_const) {
                    ptr_mut = ConstPtrMutComptimeConst;
                } else {
                    assert(!comptime_var_mem);
                    ptr_mut = ConstPtrMutRuntimeVar;
                }
                return ir_get_const_ptr(ira, instruction, mem_slot, var->value->type,
                        ptr_mut, is_const, is_volatile, var->align_bytes);
            }
        }
        zig_unreachable();
    }

no_mem_slot:

    IrInstruction *var_ptr_instruction = ir_build_var_ptr(&ira->new_irb,
            instruction->scope, instruction->source_node, var, is_const, is_volatile);
    var_ptr_instruction->value.type = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, var->value->type,
            var->src_is_const, is_volatile, var->align_bytes, 0, 0);
    type_ensure_zero_bits_known(ira->codegen, var->value->type);

    bool in_fn_scope = (scope_fn_entry(var->parent_scope) != nullptr);
    var_ptr_instruction->value.data.rh_ptr = in_fn_scope ? RuntimeHintPtrStack : RuntimeHintPtrNonStack;

    return var_ptr_instruction;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_fn_call(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCall *call_instruction,
    FnTableEntry *fn_entry, TypeTableEntry *fn_type, IrInstruction *fn_ref,
    IrInstruction *first_arg_ptr, bool comptime_fn_call, FnInline fn_inline)
{
    FnTypeId *fn_type_id = &fn_type->data.fn.fn_type_id;
    size_t first_arg_1_or_0 = first_arg_ptr ? 1 : 0;

    // for extern functions, the var args argument is not counted.
    // for zig functions, it is.
    size_t var_args_1_or_0;
    if (fn_type_id->cc == CallingConventionUnspecified) {
        var_args_1_or_0 = fn_type_id->is_var_args ? 1 : 0;
    } else {
        var_args_1_or_0 = 0;
    }
    size_t src_param_count = fn_type_id->param_count - var_args_1_or_0;

    size_t call_param_count = call_instruction->arg_count + first_arg_1_or_0;
    AstNode *source_node = call_instruction->base.source_node;

    AstNode *fn_proto_node = fn_entry ? fn_entry->proto_node : nullptr;;

    if (fn_type_id->cc == CallingConventionNaked) {
        ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, fn_ref, buf_sprintf("unable to call function with naked calling convention"));
        if (fn_proto_node) {
            add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, fn_proto_node, buf_sprintf("declared here"));
        }
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
    if (fn_type_id->cc == CallingConventionAsync && !call_instruction->is_async) {
        ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, fn_ref, buf_sprintf("must use async keyword to call async function"));
        if (fn_proto_node) {
            add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, fn_proto_node, buf_sprintf("declared here"));
        }
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
    if (fn_type_id->cc != CallingConventionAsync && call_instruction->is_async) {
        ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, fn_ref, buf_sprintf("cannot use async keyword to call non-async function"));
        if (fn_proto_node) {
            add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, fn_proto_node, buf_sprintf("declared here"));
        }
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }


    if (fn_type_id->is_var_args) {
        if (call_param_count < src_param_count) {
            ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                buf_sprintf("expected at least %" ZIG_PRI_usize " arguments, found %" ZIG_PRI_usize "", src_param_count, call_param_count));
            if (fn_proto_node) {
                add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, fn_proto_node,
                    buf_sprintf("declared here"));
            }
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    } else if (src_param_count != call_param_count) {
        ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
            buf_sprintf("expected %" ZIG_PRI_usize " arguments, found %" ZIG_PRI_usize "", src_param_count, call_param_count));
        if (fn_proto_node) {
            add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, fn_proto_node,
                buf_sprintf("declared here"));
        }
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (comptime_fn_call) {
        // No special handling is needed for compile time evaluation of generic functions.
        if (!fn_entry || fn_entry->body_node == nullptr) {
            ir_add_error(ira, fn_ref, buf_sprintf("unable to evaluate constant expression"));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        if (!ir_emit_backward_branch(ira, &call_instruction->base))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        // Fork a scope of the function with known values for the parameters.
        Scope *exec_scope = &fn_entry->fndef_scope->base;

        size_t next_proto_i = 0;
        if (first_arg_ptr) {
            IrInstruction *first_arg;
            assert(first_arg_ptr->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
            if (handle_is_ptr(first_arg_ptr->value.type->data.pointer.child_type)) {
                first_arg = first_arg_ptr;
            } else {
                first_arg = ir_get_deref(ira, first_arg_ptr, first_arg_ptr);
                if (type_is_invalid(first_arg->value.type))
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }

            if (!ir_analyze_fn_call_inline_arg(ira, fn_proto_node, first_arg, &exec_scope, &next_proto_i))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        if (fn_proto_node->data.fn_proto.is_var_args) {
            ir_add_error(ira, &call_instruction->base,
                    buf_sprintf("compiler bug: unable to call var args function at compile time. https://github.com/zig-lang/zig/issues/313"));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }


        for (size_t call_i = 0; call_i < call_instruction->arg_count; call_i += 1) {
            IrInstruction *old_arg = call_instruction->args[call_i]->other;
            if (type_is_invalid(old_arg->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            if (!ir_analyze_fn_call_inline_arg(ira, fn_proto_node, old_arg, &exec_scope, &next_proto_i))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        AstNode *return_type_node = fn_proto_node->data.fn_proto.return_type;
        TypeTableEntry *specified_return_type = analyze_type_expr(ira->codegen, exec_scope, return_type_node);
        if (type_is_invalid(specified_return_type))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        TypeTableEntry *return_type;
        TypeTableEntry *inferred_err_set_type = nullptr;
        if (fn_proto_node->data.fn_proto.auto_err_set) {
            inferred_err_set_type = get_auto_err_set_type(ira->codegen, fn_entry);
            return_type = get_error_union_type(ira->codegen, inferred_err_set_type, specified_return_type);
        } else {
            return_type = specified_return_type;
        }

        bool cacheable = fn_eval_cacheable(exec_scope, return_type);
        IrInstruction *result = nullptr;
        if (cacheable) {
            auto entry = ira->codegen->memoized_fn_eval_table.maybe_get(exec_scope);
            if (entry)
                result = entry->value;
        }

        if (result == nullptr) {
            // Analyze the fn body block like any other constant expression.
            AstNode *body_node = fn_entry->body_node;
            result = ir_eval_const_value(ira->codegen, exec_scope, body_node, return_type,
                ira->new_irb.exec->backward_branch_count, ira->new_irb.exec->backward_branch_quota, fn_entry,
                nullptr, call_instruction->base.source_node, nullptr, ira->new_irb.exec);

            if (inferred_err_set_type != nullptr) {
                inferred_err_set_type->data.error_set.infer_fn = nullptr;
                if (result->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion) {
                    if (result->value.data.x_err_union.err != nullptr) {
                        inferred_err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count = 1;
                        inferred_err_set_type->data.error_set.errors = allocate<ErrorTableEntry *>(1);
                        inferred_err_set_type->data.error_set.errors[0] = result->value.data.x_err_union.err;
                    }
                    TypeTableEntry *fn_inferred_err_set_type = result->value.type->data.error_union.err_set_type;
                    inferred_err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count = fn_inferred_err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count;
                    inferred_err_set_type->data.error_set.errors = fn_inferred_err_set_type->data.error_set.errors;
                } else if (result->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet) {
                    inferred_err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count = result->value.type->data.error_set.err_count;
                    inferred_err_set_type->data.error_set.errors = result->value.type->data.error_set.errors;
                }
            }

            if (cacheable) {
                ira->codegen->memoized_fn_eval_table.put(exec_scope, result);
            }

            if (type_is_invalid(result->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &call_instruction->base);
        *out_val = result->value;
        return ir_finish_anal(ira, return_type);
    }

    if (fn_type->data.fn.is_generic) {
        if (!fn_entry) {
            ir_add_error(ira, call_instruction->fn_ref,
                buf_sprintf("calling a generic function requires compile-time known function value"));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        if (call_instruction->is_async && fn_type_id->is_var_args) {
            ir_add_error(ira, call_instruction->fn_ref,
                buf_sprintf("compiler bug: TODO: implement var args async functions. https://github.com/zig-lang/zig/issues/557"));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        // Count the arguments of the function type id we are creating
        size_t new_fn_arg_count = first_arg_1_or_0;
        for (size_t call_i = 0; call_i < call_instruction->arg_count; call_i += 1) {
            IrInstruction *arg = call_instruction->args[call_i]->other;
            if (type_is_invalid(arg->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            if (arg->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple) {
                new_fn_arg_count += arg->value.data.x_arg_tuple.end_index - arg->value.data.x_arg_tuple.start_index;
            } else {
                new_fn_arg_count += 1;
            }
        }

        IrInstruction **casted_args = allocate<IrInstruction *>(new_fn_arg_count);

        // Fork a scope of the function with known values for the parameters.
        Scope *parent_scope = fn_entry->fndef_scope->base.parent;
        FnTableEntry *impl_fn = create_fn(fn_proto_node);
        impl_fn->param_source_nodes = allocate<AstNode *>(new_fn_arg_count);
        buf_init_from_buf(&impl_fn->symbol_name, &fn_entry->symbol_name);
        impl_fn->fndef_scope = create_fndef_scope(impl_fn->body_node, parent_scope, impl_fn);
        impl_fn->child_scope = &impl_fn->fndef_scope->base;
        FnTypeId inst_fn_type_id = {0};
        init_fn_type_id(&inst_fn_type_id, fn_proto_node, new_fn_arg_count);
        inst_fn_type_id.param_count = 0;
        inst_fn_type_id.is_var_args = false;

        // TODO maybe GenericFnTypeId can be replaced with using the child_scope directly
        // as the key in generic_table
        GenericFnTypeId *generic_id = allocate<GenericFnTypeId>(1);
        generic_id->fn_entry = fn_entry;
        generic_id->param_count = 0;
        generic_id->params = create_const_vals(new_fn_arg_count);
        size_t next_proto_i = 0;

        if (first_arg_ptr) {
            IrInstruction *first_arg;
            assert(first_arg_ptr->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
            if (handle_is_ptr(first_arg_ptr->value.type->data.pointer.child_type)) {
                first_arg = first_arg_ptr;
            } else {
                first_arg = ir_get_deref(ira, first_arg_ptr, first_arg_ptr);
                if (type_is_invalid(first_arg->value.type))
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }

            if (!ir_analyze_fn_call_generic_arg(ira, fn_proto_node, first_arg, &impl_fn->child_scope,
                &next_proto_i, generic_id, &inst_fn_type_id, casted_args, impl_fn))
            {
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
        }

        bool found_first_var_arg = false;
        size_t first_var_arg;

        FnTableEntry *parent_fn_entry = exec_fn_entry(ira->new_irb.exec);
        assert(parent_fn_entry);
        for (size_t call_i = 0; call_i < call_instruction->arg_count; call_i += 1) {
            IrInstruction *arg = call_instruction->args[call_i]->other;
            if (type_is_invalid(arg->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            AstNode *param_decl_node = fn_proto_node->data.fn_proto.params.at(next_proto_i);
            assert(param_decl_node->type == NodeTypeParamDecl);
            bool is_var_args = param_decl_node->data.param_decl.is_var_args;
            if (is_var_args && !found_first_var_arg) {
                first_var_arg = inst_fn_type_id.param_count;
                found_first_var_arg = true;
            }

            if (arg->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple) {
                for (size_t arg_tuple_i = arg->value.data.x_arg_tuple.start_index;
                    arg_tuple_i < arg->value.data.x_arg_tuple.end_index; arg_tuple_i += 1)
                {
                    VariableTableEntry *arg_var = get_fn_var_by_index(parent_fn_entry, arg_tuple_i);
                    if (arg_var == nullptr) {
                        ir_add_error(ira, arg,
                            buf_sprintf("compiler bug: var args can't handle void. https://github.com/zig-lang/zig/issues/557"));
                        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                    }
                    IrInstruction *arg_var_ptr_inst = ir_get_var_ptr(ira, arg, arg_var, true, false);
                    if (type_is_invalid(arg_var_ptr_inst->value.type))
                        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

                    IrInstruction *arg_tuple_arg = ir_get_deref(ira, arg, arg_var_ptr_inst);
                    if (type_is_invalid(arg_tuple_arg->value.type))
                        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

                    if (!ir_analyze_fn_call_generic_arg(ira, fn_proto_node, arg_tuple_arg, &impl_fn->child_scope,
                        &next_proto_i, generic_id, &inst_fn_type_id, casted_args, impl_fn))
                    {
                        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                    }
                }
            } else if (!ir_analyze_fn_call_generic_arg(ira, fn_proto_node, arg, &impl_fn->child_scope,
                &next_proto_i, generic_id, &inst_fn_type_id, casted_args, impl_fn))
            {
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
        }

        if (fn_proto_node->data.fn_proto.is_var_args) {
            AstNode *param_decl_node = fn_proto_node->data.fn_proto.params.at(next_proto_i);
            Buf *param_name = param_decl_node->data.param_decl.name;

            if (!found_first_var_arg) {
                first_var_arg = inst_fn_type_id.param_count;
            }

            ConstExprValue *var_args_val = create_const_arg_tuple(ira->codegen,
                    first_var_arg, inst_fn_type_id.param_count);
            VariableTableEntry *var = add_variable(ira->codegen, param_decl_node,
                impl_fn->child_scope, param_name, true, var_args_val, nullptr);
            impl_fn->child_scope = var->child_scope;
        }

        if (fn_proto_node->data.fn_proto.align_expr != nullptr) {
            IrInstruction *align_result = ir_eval_const_value(ira->codegen, impl_fn->child_scope,
                    fn_proto_node->data.fn_proto.align_expr, get_align_amt_type(ira->codegen),
                    ira->new_irb.exec->backward_branch_count, ira->new_irb.exec->backward_branch_quota,
                    nullptr, nullptr, fn_proto_node->data.fn_proto.align_expr, nullptr, ira->new_irb.exec);

            uint32_t align_bytes = 0;
            ir_resolve_align(ira, align_result, &align_bytes);
            impl_fn->align_bytes = align_bytes;
            inst_fn_type_id.alignment = align_bytes;
        }

        if (fn_proto_node->data.fn_proto.return_var_token == nullptr) {
            AstNode *return_type_node = fn_proto_node->data.fn_proto.return_type;
            TypeTableEntry *specified_return_type = analyze_type_expr(ira->codegen, impl_fn->child_scope, return_type_node);
            if (type_is_invalid(specified_return_type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            if (fn_proto_node->data.fn_proto.auto_err_set) {
                TypeTableEntry *inferred_err_set_type = get_auto_err_set_type(ira->codegen, impl_fn);
                inst_fn_type_id.return_type = get_error_union_type(ira->codegen, inferred_err_set_type, specified_return_type);
            } else {
                inst_fn_type_id.return_type = specified_return_type;
            }

            if (type_requires_comptime(specified_return_type)) {
                // Throw out our work and call the function as if it were comptime.
                return ir_analyze_fn_call(ira, call_instruction, fn_entry, fn_type, fn_ref, first_arg_ptr, true, FnInlineAuto);
            }
        }
        IrInstruction *async_allocator_inst = nullptr;
        if (call_instruction->is_async) {
            AstNode *async_allocator_type_node = fn_proto_node->data.fn_proto.async_allocator_type;
            if (async_allocator_type_node != nullptr) {
                TypeTableEntry *async_allocator_type = analyze_type_expr(ira->codegen, impl_fn->child_scope, async_allocator_type_node);
                if (type_is_invalid(async_allocator_type))
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                inst_fn_type_id.async_allocator_type = async_allocator_type;
            }
            IrInstruction *uncasted_async_allocator_inst;
            if (call_instruction->async_allocator == nullptr) {
                uncasted_async_allocator_inst = ir_get_implicit_allocator(ira, &call_instruction->base,
                        ImplicitAllocatorIdLocalVar);
                if (type_is_invalid(uncasted_async_allocator_inst->value.type))
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            } else {
                uncasted_async_allocator_inst = call_instruction->async_allocator->other;
                if (type_is_invalid(uncasted_async_allocator_inst->value.type))
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
            if (inst_fn_type_id.async_allocator_type == nullptr) {
                IrInstruction *casted_inst = ir_implicit_byval_const_ref_cast(ira, uncasted_async_allocator_inst);
                if (type_is_invalid(casted_inst->value.type))
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                inst_fn_type_id.async_allocator_type = casted_inst->value.type;
            }
            async_allocator_inst = ir_implicit_cast(ira, uncasted_async_allocator_inst, inst_fn_type_id.async_allocator_type);
            if (type_is_invalid(async_allocator_inst->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        auto existing_entry = ira->codegen->generic_table.put_unique(generic_id, impl_fn);
        if (existing_entry) {
            // throw away all our work and use the existing function
            impl_fn = existing_entry->value;
        } else {
            // finish instantiating the function
            impl_fn->type_entry = get_fn_type(ira->codegen, &inst_fn_type_id);
            if (type_is_invalid(impl_fn->type_entry))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            impl_fn->ir_executable.source_node = call_instruction->base.source_node;
            impl_fn->ir_executable.parent_exec = ira->new_irb.exec;
            impl_fn->analyzed_executable.source_node = call_instruction->base.source_node;
            impl_fn->analyzed_executable.parent_exec = ira->new_irb.exec;
            impl_fn->analyzed_executable.is_generic_instantiation = true;

            ira->codegen->fn_defs.append(impl_fn);
        }

        TypeTableEntry *return_type = impl_fn->type_entry->data.fn.fn_type_id.return_type;
        if (fn_type_can_fail(&impl_fn->type_entry->data.fn.fn_type_id)) {
            parent_fn_entry->calls_or_awaits_errorable_fn = true;
        }

        size_t impl_param_count = impl_fn->type_entry->data.fn.fn_type_id.param_count;
        if (call_instruction->is_async) {
            IrInstruction *result = ir_analyze_async_call(ira, call_instruction, impl_fn, impl_fn->type_entry, fn_ref, casted_args, impl_param_count,
                    async_allocator_inst);
            ir_link_new_instruction(result, &call_instruction->base);
            ir_add_alloca(ira, result, result->value.type);
            return ir_finish_anal(ira, result->value.type);
        }

        assert(async_allocator_inst == nullptr);
        IrInstruction *new_call_instruction = ir_build_call_from(&ira->new_irb, &call_instruction->base,
                impl_fn, nullptr, impl_param_count, casted_args, false, fn_inline,
                call_instruction->is_async, nullptr);

        ir_add_alloca(ira, new_call_instruction, return_type);

        return ir_finish_anal(ira, return_type);
    }

    FnTableEntry *parent_fn_entry = exec_fn_entry(ira->new_irb.exec);
    assert(fn_type_id->return_type != nullptr);
    assert(parent_fn_entry != nullptr);
    if (fn_type_can_fail(fn_type_id)) {
        parent_fn_entry->calls_or_awaits_errorable_fn = true;
    }


    IrInstruction **casted_args = allocate<IrInstruction *>(call_param_count);
    size_t next_arg_index = 0;
    if (first_arg_ptr) {
        IrInstruction *first_arg;
        assert(first_arg_ptr->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
        if (handle_is_ptr(first_arg_ptr->value.type->data.pointer.child_type)) {
            first_arg = first_arg_ptr;
        } else {
            first_arg = ir_get_deref(ira, first_arg_ptr, first_arg_ptr);
            if (type_is_invalid(first_arg->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        TypeTableEntry *param_type = fn_type_id->param_info[next_arg_index].type;
        if (type_is_invalid(param_type))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        IrInstruction *casted_arg = ir_implicit_cast(ira, first_arg, param_type);
        if (type_is_invalid(casted_arg->value.type))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        casted_args[next_arg_index] = casted_arg;
        next_arg_index += 1;
    }
    for (size_t call_i = 0; call_i < call_instruction->arg_count; call_i += 1) {
        IrInstruction *old_arg = call_instruction->args[call_i]->other;
        if (type_is_invalid(old_arg->value.type))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        IrInstruction *casted_arg;
        if (next_arg_index < src_param_count) {
            TypeTableEntry *param_type = fn_type_id->param_info[next_arg_index].type;
            if (type_is_invalid(param_type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            casted_arg = ir_implicit_cast(ira, old_arg, param_type);
            if (type_is_invalid(casted_arg->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        } else {
            casted_arg = old_arg;
        }

        casted_args[next_arg_index] = casted_arg;
        next_arg_index += 1;
    }

    assert(next_arg_index == call_param_count);

    TypeTableEntry *return_type = fn_type_id->return_type;
    if (type_is_invalid(return_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (call_instruction->is_async) {
        IrInstruction *uncasted_async_allocator_inst;
        if (call_instruction->async_allocator == nullptr) {
            uncasted_async_allocator_inst = ir_get_implicit_allocator(ira, &call_instruction->base,
                    ImplicitAllocatorIdLocalVar);
            if (type_is_invalid(uncasted_async_allocator_inst->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        } else {
            uncasted_async_allocator_inst = call_instruction->async_allocator->other;
            if (type_is_invalid(uncasted_async_allocator_inst->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        }
        IrInstruction *async_allocator_inst = ir_implicit_cast(ira, uncasted_async_allocator_inst, fn_type_id->async_allocator_type);
        if (type_is_invalid(async_allocator_inst->value.type))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        IrInstruction *result = ir_analyze_async_call(ira, call_instruction, fn_entry, fn_type, fn_ref, casted_args, call_param_count,
                async_allocator_inst);
        ir_link_new_instruction(result, &call_instruction->base);
        ir_add_alloca(ira, result, result->value.type);
        return ir_finish_anal(ira, result->value.type);
    }


    IrInstruction *new_call_instruction = ir_build_call_from(&ira->new_irb, &call_instruction->base,
            fn_entry, fn_ref, call_param_count, casted_args, false, fn_inline, false, nullptr);

    ir_add_alloca(ira, new_call_instruction, return_type);
    return ir_finish_anal(ira, return_type);
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_call(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCall *call_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *fn_ref = call_instruction->fn_ref->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(fn_ref->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    bool is_comptime = call_instruction->is_comptime ||
        ir_should_inline(ira->new_irb.exec, call_instruction->base.scope);

    if (is_comptime || instr_is_comptime(fn_ref)) {
        if (fn_ref->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMetaType) {
            TypeTableEntry *dest_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, fn_ref);
            if (type_is_invalid(dest_type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            size_t actual_param_count = call_instruction->arg_count;

            if (actual_param_count != 1) {
                ir_add_error_node(ira, call_instruction->base.source_node,
                        buf_sprintf("cast expression expects exactly one parameter"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }

            IrInstruction *arg = call_instruction->args[0]->other;

            IrInstruction *cast_instruction = ir_analyze_cast(ira, &call_instruction->base, dest_type, arg);
            if (type_is_invalid(cast_instruction->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            ir_link_new_instruction(cast_instruction, &call_instruction->base);
            return ir_finish_anal(ira, cast_instruction->value.type);
        } else if (fn_ref->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFn) {
            FnTableEntry *fn_table_entry = ir_resolve_fn(ira, fn_ref);
            return ir_analyze_fn_call(ira, call_instruction, fn_table_entry, fn_table_entry->type_entry,
                fn_ref, nullptr, is_comptime, call_instruction->fn_inline);
        } else if (fn_ref->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdBoundFn) {
            assert(fn_ref->value.special == ConstValSpecialStatic);
            FnTableEntry *fn_table_entry = fn_ref->value.data.x_bound_fn.fn;
            IrInstruction *first_arg_ptr = fn_ref->value.data.x_bound_fn.first_arg;
            return ir_analyze_fn_call(ira, call_instruction, fn_table_entry, fn_table_entry->type_entry,
                nullptr, first_arg_ptr, is_comptime, call_instruction->fn_inline);
        } else {
            ir_add_error_node(ira, fn_ref->source_node,
                buf_sprintf("type '%s' not a function", buf_ptr(&fn_ref->value.type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    }

    if (fn_ref->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFn) {
        return ir_analyze_fn_call(ira, call_instruction, nullptr, fn_ref->value.type,
            fn_ref, nullptr, false, FnInlineAuto);
    } else {
        ir_add_error_node(ira, fn_ref->source_node,
            buf_sprintf("type '%s' not a function", buf_ptr(&fn_ref->value.type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_dereference(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionUnOp *un_op_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *value = un_op_instruction->value->other;

    TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = value->value.type;
    TypeTableEntry *child_type;
    if (type_is_invalid(ptr_type)) {
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    } else if (ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
        child_type = ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type;
    } else {
        ir_add_error_node(ira, un_op_instruction->base.source_node,
            buf_sprintf("attempt to dereference non-pointer type '%s'",
                buf_ptr(&ptr_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    // this dereference is always an rvalue because in the IR gen we identify lvalue and emit
    // one of the ptr instructions

    if (instr_is_comptime(value)) {
        ConstExprValue *pointee = const_ptr_pointee(ira->codegen, &value->value);
        if (pointee->type == child_type) {
            ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &un_op_instruction->base);
            copy_const_val(out_val, pointee, value->value.data.x_ptr.mut == ConstPtrMutComptimeConst);
            return child_type;
        }
    }

    ir_build_load_ptr_from(&ira->new_irb, &un_op_instruction->base, value);
    return child_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_maybe(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionUnOp *un_op_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *value = un_op_instruction->value->other;
    TypeTableEntry *type_entry = ir_resolve_type(ira, value);
    if (type_is_invalid(type_entry))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    switch (type_entry->id) {
        case TypeTableEntryIdInvalid:
            zig_unreachable();
        case TypeTableEntryIdMetaType:
        case TypeTableEntryIdVoid:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBool:
        case TypeTableEntryIdInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPointer:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArray:
        case TypeTableEntryIdStruct:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNullLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdMaybe:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet:
        case TypeTableEntryIdEnum:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnion:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNamespace:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBlock:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBoundFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPromise:
            {
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &un_op_instruction->base);
                out_val->data.x_type = get_maybe_type(ira->codegen, type_entry);
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
            }
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable:
        case TypeTableEntryIdOpaque:
            ir_add_error_node(ira, un_op_instruction->base.source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("type '%s' not nullable", buf_ptr(&type_entry->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_negation(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionUnOp *un_op_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *value = un_op_instruction->value->other;
    TypeTableEntry *expr_type = value->value.type;
    if (type_is_invalid(expr_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    bool is_wrap_op = (un_op_instruction->op_id == IrUnOpNegationWrap);

    bool is_float = (expr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat || expr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat);

    if ((expr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt && expr_type->data.integral.is_signed) ||
        expr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt || (is_float && !is_wrap_op))
    {
        if (instr_is_comptime(value)) {
            ConstExprValue *target_const_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, value, UndefBad);
            if (!target_const_val)
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &un_op_instruction->base);
            if (is_float) {
                float_negate(out_val, target_const_val);
            } else if (is_wrap_op) {
                bigint_negate_wrap(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &target_const_val->data.x_bigint,
                        expr_type->data.integral.bit_count);
            } else {
                bigint_negate(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &target_const_val->data.x_bigint);
            }
            if (is_wrap_op || is_float || expr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt) {
                return expr_type;
            }

            if (!bigint_fits_in_bits(&out_val->data.x_bigint, expr_type->data.integral.bit_count, true)) {
                ir_add_error(ira, &un_op_instruction->base, buf_sprintf("negation caused overflow"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
            return expr_type;
        }

        ir_build_un_op_from(&ira->new_irb, &un_op_instruction->base, un_op_instruction->op_id, value);
        return expr_type;
    }

    const char *fmt = is_wrap_op ? "invalid wrapping negation type: '%s'" : "invalid negation type: '%s'";
    ir_add_error(ira, &un_op_instruction->base, buf_sprintf(fmt, buf_ptr(&expr_type->name)));
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_bin_not(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionUnOp *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *value = instruction->value->other;
    TypeTableEntry *expr_type = value->value.type;
    if (type_is_invalid(expr_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (expr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt) {
        if (instr_is_comptime(value)) {
            ConstExprValue *target_const_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, value, UndefBad);
            if (!target_const_val)
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
            bigint_not(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &target_const_val->data.x_bigint,
                    expr_type->data.integral.bit_count, expr_type->data.integral.is_signed);
            return expr_type;
        }

        ir_build_un_op_from(&ira->new_irb, &instruction->base, IrUnOpBinNot, value);
        return expr_type;
    }

    ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base,
            buf_sprintf("unable to perform binary not operation on type '%s'", buf_ptr(&expr_type->name)));
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_un_op(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionUnOp *un_op_instruction) {
    IrUnOp op_id = un_op_instruction->op_id;
    switch (op_id) {
        case IrUnOpInvalid:
            zig_unreachable();
        case IrUnOpBinNot:
            return ir_analyze_bin_not(ira, un_op_instruction);
        case IrUnOpNegation:
        case IrUnOpNegationWrap:
            return ir_analyze_negation(ira, un_op_instruction);
        case IrUnOpDereference:
            return ir_analyze_dereference(ira, un_op_instruction);
        case IrUnOpMaybe:
            return ir_analyze_maybe(ira, un_op_instruction);
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_br(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionBr *br_instruction) {
    IrBasicBlock *old_dest_block = br_instruction->dest_block;

    bool is_comptime;
    if (!ir_resolve_comptime(ira, br_instruction->is_comptime->other, &is_comptime))
        return ir_unreach_error(ira);

    if (is_comptime || old_dest_block->ref_count == 1)
        return ir_inline_bb(ira, &br_instruction->base, old_dest_block);

    IrBasicBlock *new_bb = ir_get_new_bb(ira, old_dest_block, &br_instruction->base);

    if (new_bb->must_be_comptime_source_instr) {
        ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, &br_instruction->base,
            buf_sprintf("control flow attempts to use compile-time variable at runtime"));
        add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, new_bb->must_be_comptime_source_instr->source_node,
                buf_sprintf("compile-time variable assigned here"));
        return ir_unreach_error(ira);
    }

    ir_build_br_from(&ira->new_irb, &br_instruction->base, new_bb);
    return ir_finish_anal(ira, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable);
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_cond_br(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCondBr *cond_br_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *condition = cond_br_instruction->condition->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(condition->value.type))
        return ir_unreach_error(ira);

    bool is_comptime;
    if (!ir_resolve_comptime(ira, cond_br_instruction->is_comptime->other, &is_comptime))
        return ir_unreach_error(ira);

    if (is_comptime || instr_is_comptime(condition)) {
        bool cond_is_true;
        if (!ir_resolve_bool(ira, condition, &cond_is_true))
            return ir_unreach_error(ira);

        IrBasicBlock *old_dest_block = cond_is_true ?
            cond_br_instruction->then_block : cond_br_instruction->else_block;

        if (is_comptime || old_dest_block->ref_count == 1)
            return ir_inline_bb(ira, &cond_br_instruction->base, old_dest_block);

        IrBasicBlock *new_dest_block = ir_get_new_bb(ira, old_dest_block, &cond_br_instruction->base);
        ir_build_br_from(&ira->new_irb, &cond_br_instruction->base, new_dest_block);
        return ir_finish_anal(ira, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable);
    }

    TypeTableEntry *bool_type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
    IrInstruction *casted_condition = ir_implicit_cast(ira, condition, bool_type);
    if (casted_condition == ira->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return ir_unreach_error(ira);

    assert(cond_br_instruction->then_block != cond_br_instruction->else_block);
    IrBasicBlock *new_then_block = ir_get_new_bb(ira, cond_br_instruction->then_block, &cond_br_instruction->base);
    IrBasicBlock *new_else_block = ir_get_new_bb(ira, cond_br_instruction->else_block, &cond_br_instruction->base);
    ir_build_cond_br_from(&ira->new_irb, &cond_br_instruction->base,
            casted_condition, new_then_block, new_else_block, nullptr);
    return ir_finish_anal(ira, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable);
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_unreachable(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionUnreachable *unreachable_instruction)
{
    ir_build_unreachable_from(&ira->new_irb, &unreachable_instruction->base);
    return ir_finish_anal(ira, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable);
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_phi(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionPhi *phi_instruction) {
    if (ira->const_predecessor_bb) {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < phi_instruction->incoming_count; i += 1) {
            IrBasicBlock *predecessor = phi_instruction->incoming_blocks[i];
            if (predecessor != ira->const_predecessor_bb)
                continue;
            IrInstruction *value = phi_instruction->incoming_values[i]->other;
            assert(value->value.type);
            if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            if (value->value.special != ConstValSpecialRuntime) {
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &phi_instruction->base);
                *out_val = value->value;
            } else {
                phi_instruction->base.other = value;
            }
            return value->value.type;
        }
        zig_unreachable();
    }

    ZigList<IrBasicBlock*> new_incoming_blocks = {0};
    ZigList<IrInstruction*> new_incoming_values = {0};

    for (size_t i = 0; i < phi_instruction->incoming_count; i += 1) {
        IrBasicBlock *predecessor = phi_instruction->incoming_blocks[i];
        if (predecessor->ref_count == 0)
            continue;


        IrInstruction *old_value = phi_instruction->incoming_values[i];
        assert(old_value);
        IrInstruction *new_value = old_value->other;
        if (!new_value || new_value->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable || predecessor->other == nullptr)
            continue;

        if (type_is_invalid(new_value->value.type))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;


        assert(predecessor->other);
        new_incoming_blocks.append(predecessor->other);
        new_incoming_values.append(new_value);
    }

    if (new_incoming_blocks.length == 0) {
        ir_build_unreachable_from(&ira->new_irb, &phi_instruction->base);
        return ir_finish_anal(ira, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable);
    }

    if (new_incoming_blocks.length == 1) {
        IrInstruction *first_value = new_incoming_values.at(0);
        phi_instruction->base.other = first_value;
        return first_value->value.type;
    }

    TypeTableEntry *resolved_type = ir_resolve_peer_types(ira, phi_instruction->base.source_node,
            new_incoming_values.items, new_incoming_values.length);
    if (type_is_invalid(resolved_type))
        return resolved_type;

    if (resolved_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat ||
        resolved_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt ||
        resolved_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNullLit ||
        resolved_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit)
    {
        ir_add_error_node(ira, phi_instruction->base.source_node,
                buf_sprintf("unable to infer expression type"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    bool all_stack_ptrs = (resolved_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);

    // cast all values to the resolved type. however we can't put cast instructions in front of the phi instruction.
    // so we go back and insert the casts as the last instruction in the corresponding predecessor blocks, and
    // then make sure the branch instruction is preserved.
    IrBasicBlock *cur_bb = ira->new_irb.current_basic_block;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < new_incoming_values.length; i += 1) {
        IrInstruction *new_value = new_incoming_values.at(i);
        IrBasicBlock *predecessor = new_incoming_blocks.at(i);
        IrInstruction *branch_instruction = predecessor->instruction_list.pop();
        ir_set_cursor_at_end(&ira->new_irb, predecessor);
        IrInstruction *casted_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, new_value, resolved_type);
        if (casted_value == ira->codegen->invalid_instruction) {
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        new_incoming_values.items[i] = casted_value;
        predecessor->instruction_list.append(branch_instruction);

        if (all_stack_ptrs && (casted_value->value.special != ConstValSpecialRuntime ||
            casted_value->value.data.rh_ptr != RuntimeHintPtrStack))
        {
            all_stack_ptrs = false;
        }
    }
    ir_set_cursor_at_end(&ira->new_irb, cur_bb);

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_phi_from(&ira->new_irb, &phi_instruction->base, new_incoming_blocks.length,
            new_incoming_blocks.items, new_incoming_values.items);

    if (all_stack_ptrs) {
        assert(result->value.special == ConstValSpecialRuntime);
        result->value.data.rh_ptr = RuntimeHintPtrStack;
    }

    return resolved_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_var_ptr(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *instruction,
        VariableTableEntry *var, bool is_const_ptr, bool is_volatile_ptr)
{
    IrInstruction *result = ir_get_var_ptr(ira, instruction, var, is_const_ptr, is_volatile_ptr);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, instruction);
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_var_ptr(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionVarPtr *var_ptr_instruction) {
    VariableTableEntry *var = var_ptr_instruction->var;
    return ir_analyze_var_ptr(ira, &var_ptr_instruction->base, var, var_ptr_instruction->is_const,
            var_ptr_instruction->is_volatile);
}

static TypeTableEntry *adjust_ptr_align(CodeGen *g, TypeTableEntry *ptr_type, uint32_t new_align) {
    assert(ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
    return get_pointer_to_type_extra(g,
            ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type,
            ptr_type->data.pointer.is_const, ptr_type->data.pointer.is_volatile,
            new_align,
            ptr_type->data.pointer.bit_offset, ptr_type->data.pointer.unaligned_bit_count);
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_elem_ptr(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionElemPtr *elem_ptr_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *array_ptr = elem_ptr_instruction->array_ptr->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(array_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *elem_index = elem_ptr_instruction->elem_index->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(elem_index->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = array_ptr->value.type;
    if (ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMetaType) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &elem_ptr_instruction->base,
                buf_sprintf("array access of non-array type '%s'", buf_ptr(&ptr_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
    assert(ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);

    TypeTableEntry *array_type = ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type;

    // At first return_type will be the pointer type we want to return, except with an optimistic alignment.
    // We will adjust return_type's alignment before returning it.
    TypeTableEntry *return_type;

    if (type_is_invalid(array_type)) {
        return array_type;
    } else if (array_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray) {
        if (array_type->data.array.len == 0) {
            ir_add_error_node(ira, elem_ptr_instruction->base.source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("index 0 outside array of size 0"));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        TypeTableEntry *child_type = array_type->data.array.child_type;
        if (ptr_type->data.pointer.unaligned_bit_count == 0) {
            return_type = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, child_type,
                    ptr_type->data.pointer.is_const, ptr_type->data.pointer.is_volatile,
                    ptr_type->data.pointer.alignment, 0, 0);
        } else {
            uint64_t elem_val_scalar;
            if (!ir_resolve_usize(ira, elem_index, &elem_val_scalar))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            size_t bit_width = type_size_bits(ira->codegen, child_type);
            size_t bit_offset = bit_width * elem_val_scalar;

            return_type = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, child_type,
                    ptr_type->data.pointer.is_const, ptr_type->data.pointer.is_volatile,
                    1, (uint32_t)bit_offset, (uint32_t)bit_width);
        }
    } else if (array_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
        return_type = array_type;
    } else if (is_slice(array_type)) {
        return_type = array_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry;
    } else if (array_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple) {
        ConstExprValue *ptr_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, array_ptr, UndefBad);
        if (!ptr_val)
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        ConstExprValue *args_val = const_ptr_pointee(ira->codegen, ptr_val);
        size_t start = args_val->data.x_arg_tuple.start_index;
        size_t end = args_val->data.x_arg_tuple.end_index;
        uint64_t elem_index_val;
        if (!ir_resolve_usize(ira, elem_index, &elem_index_val))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        size_t index = elem_index_val;
        size_t len = end - start;
        if (index >= len) {
            ir_add_error(ira, &elem_ptr_instruction->base,
                buf_sprintf("index %" ZIG_PRI_usize " outside argument list of size %" ZIG_PRI_usize "", index, len));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        size_t abs_index = start + index;
        FnTableEntry *fn_entry = exec_fn_entry(ira->new_irb.exec);
        assert(fn_entry);
        VariableTableEntry *var = get_fn_var_by_index(fn_entry, abs_index);
        bool is_const = true;
        bool is_volatile = false;
        if (var) {
            return ir_analyze_var_ptr(ira, &elem_ptr_instruction->base, var,
                    is_const, is_volatile);
        } else {
            return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &elem_ptr_instruction->base, &ira->codegen->const_void_val,
                    ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void, ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, is_const, is_volatile);
        }
    } else {
        ir_add_error_node(ira, elem_ptr_instruction->base.source_node,
                buf_sprintf("array access of non-array type '%s'", buf_ptr(&array_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    TypeTableEntry *usize = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize;
    IrInstruction *casted_elem_index = ir_implicit_cast(ira, elem_index, usize);
    if (casted_elem_index == ira->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    bool safety_check_on = elem_ptr_instruction->safety_check_on;
    ensure_complete_type(ira->codegen, return_type->data.pointer.child_type);
    uint64_t elem_size = type_size(ira->codegen, return_type->data.pointer.child_type);
    uint64_t abi_align = get_abi_alignment(ira->codegen, return_type->data.pointer.child_type);
    uint64_t ptr_align = return_type->data.pointer.alignment;
    if (instr_is_comptime(casted_elem_index)) {
        uint64_t index = bigint_as_unsigned(&casted_elem_index->value.data.x_bigint);
        if (array_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray) {
            uint64_t array_len = array_type->data.array.len;
            if (index >= array_len) {
                ir_add_error_node(ira, elem_ptr_instruction->base.source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("index %" ZIG_PRI_u64 " outside array of size %" ZIG_PRI_u64,
                            index, array_len));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
            safety_check_on = false;
        }

        {
            // figure out the largest alignment possible
            uint64_t chosen_align = abi_align;
            if (ptr_align >= abi_align) {
                while (ptr_align > abi_align) {
                    if ((index * elem_size) % ptr_align == 0) {
                        chosen_align = ptr_align;
                        break;
                    }
                    ptr_align >>= 1;
                }
            } else if (elem_size >= ptr_align && elem_size % ptr_align == 0) {
                chosen_align = ptr_align;
            } else {
                // can't get here because guaranteed elem_size >= abi_align
                zig_unreachable();
            }
            return_type = adjust_ptr_align(ira->codegen, return_type, chosen_align);
        }

        ConstExprValue *array_ptr_val;
        if (array_ptr->value.special != ConstValSpecialRuntime &&
            (array_ptr->value.data.x_ptr.mut != ConstPtrMutRuntimeVar || array_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray) &&
            (array_ptr_val = const_ptr_pointee(ira->codegen, &array_ptr->value)) &&
            array_ptr_val->special != ConstValSpecialRuntime &&
            (array_type->id != TypeTableEntryIdPointer ||
                array_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.special != ConstPtrSpecialHardCodedAddr))
        {
            if (array_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &elem_ptr_instruction->base);
                out_val->data.x_ptr.mut = array_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.mut;
                size_t new_index;
                size_t mem_size;
                size_t old_size;
                switch (array_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.special) {
                    case ConstPtrSpecialInvalid:
                    case ConstPtrSpecialDiscard:
                        zig_unreachable();
                    case ConstPtrSpecialRef:
                        mem_size = 1;
                        old_size = 1;
                        new_index = index;

                        out_val->data.x_ptr.special = ConstPtrSpecialRef;
                        out_val->data.x_ptr.data.ref.pointee = array_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.ref.pointee;
                        break;
                    case ConstPtrSpecialBaseArray:
                        {
                            size_t offset = array_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.elem_index;
                            new_index = offset + index;
                            mem_size = array_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val->type->data.array.len;
                            old_size = mem_size - offset;

                            assert(array_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val);

                            out_val->data.x_ptr.special = ConstPtrSpecialBaseArray;
                            out_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val =
                                array_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val;
                            out_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.elem_index = new_index;
                            out_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.is_cstr =
                                array_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.is_cstr;

                            break;
                        }
                    case ConstPtrSpecialBaseStruct:
                        zig_panic("TODO elem ptr on a const inner struct");
                    case ConstPtrSpecialHardCodedAddr:
                        zig_unreachable();
                    case ConstPtrSpecialFunction:
                        zig_panic("TODO element ptr of a function casted to a ptr");
                }
                if (new_index >= mem_size) {
                    ir_add_error_node(ira, elem_ptr_instruction->base.source_node,
                        buf_sprintf("index %" ZIG_PRI_u64 " outside pointer of size %" ZIG_PRI_usize "", index, old_size));
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                }
                return return_type;
            } else if (is_slice(array_type)) {
                ConstExprValue *ptr_field = &array_ptr_val->data.x_struct.fields[slice_ptr_index];
                if (ptr_field->data.x_ptr.special == ConstPtrSpecialHardCodedAddr) {
                    ir_build_elem_ptr_from(&ira->new_irb, &elem_ptr_instruction->base, array_ptr,
                            casted_elem_index, false);
                    return return_type;
                }
                ConstExprValue *len_field = &array_ptr_val->data.x_struct.fields[slice_len_index];
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &elem_ptr_instruction->base);
                uint64_t slice_len = bigint_as_unsigned(&len_field->data.x_bigint);
                if (index >= slice_len) {
                    ir_add_error_node(ira, elem_ptr_instruction->base.source_node,
                        buf_sprintf("index %" ZIG_PRI_u64 " outside slice of size %" ZIG_PRI_u64,
                            index, slice_len));
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                }
                out_val->data.x_ptr.mut = ptr_field->data.x_ptr.mut;
                switch (ptr_field->data.x_ptr.special) {
                    case ConstPtrSpecialInvalid:
                    case ConstPtrSpecialDiscard:
                        zig_unreachable();
                    case ConstPtrSpecialRef:
                        out_val->data.x_ptr.special = ConstPtrSpecialRef;
                        out_val->data.x_ptr.data.ref.pointee = ptr_field->data.x_ptr.data.ref.pointee;
                        break;
                    case ConstPtrSpecialBaseArray:
                        {
                            size_t offset = ptr_field->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.elem_index;
                            uint64_t new_index = offset + index;
                            assert(new_index < ptr_field->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val->type->data.array.len);
                            out_val->data.x_ptr.special = ConstPtrSpecialBaseArray;
                            out_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val =
                                ptr_field->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val;
                            out_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.elem_index = new_index;
                            out_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.is_cstr =
                                ptr_field->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.is_cstr;
                            break;
                        }
                    case ConstPtrSpecialBaseStruct:
                        zig_panic("TODO elem ptr on a slice backed by const inner struct");
                    case ConstPtrSpecialHardCodedAddr:
                        zig_unreachable();
                    case ConstPtrSpecialFunction:
                        zig_panic("TODO elem ptr on a slice that was ptrcast from a function");
                }
                return return_type;
            } else if (array_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray) {
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &elem_ptr_instruction->base);
                out_val->data.x_ptr.special = ConstPtrSpecialBaseArray;
                out_val->data.x_ptr.mut = array_ptr->value.data.x_ptr.mut;
                out_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val = array_ptr_val;
                out_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.elem_index = index;
                return return_type;
            } else {
                zig_unreachable();
            }
        }

    } else {
        // runtime known element index
        if (ptr_align < abi_align) {
            if (elem_size >= ptr_align && elem_size % ptr_align == 0) {
                return_type = adjust_ptr_align(ira->codegen, return_type, ptr_align);
            } else {
                // can't get here because guaranteed elem_size >= abi_align
                zig_unreachable();
            }
        } else {
            return_type = adjust_ptr_align(ira->codegen, return_type, abi_align);
        }
    }

    ir_build_elem_ptr_from(&ira->new_irb, &elem_ptr_instruction->base, array_ptr,
            casted_elem_index, safety_check_on);
    return return_type;
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_container_member_access_inner(IrAnalyze *ira,
    TypeTableEntry *bare_struct_type, Buf *field_name, IrInstruction *source_instr,
    IrInstruction *container_ptr, TypeTableEntry *container_type)
{
    if (!is_slice(bare_struct_type)) {
        ScopeDecls *container_scope = get_container_scope(bare_struct_type);
        assert(container_scope != nullptr);
        auto entry = container_scope->decl_table.maybe_get(field_name);
        Tld *tld = entry ? entry->value : nullptr;
        if (tld && tld->id == TldIdFn) {
            resolve_top_level_decl(ira->codegen, tld, false, source_instr->source_node);
            if (tld->resolution == TldResolutionInvalid)
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
            TldFn *tld_fn = (TldFn *)tld;
            FnTableEntry *fn_entry = tld_fn->fn_entry;
            if (type_is_invalid(fn_entry->type_entry))
                return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

            IrInstruction *bound_fn_value = ir_build_const_bound_fn(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope,
                source_instr->source_node, fn_entry, container_ptr);
            return ir_get_ref(ira, source_instr, bound_fn_value, true, false);
        }
    }
    const char *prefix_name;
    if (is_slice(bare_struct_type)) {
        prefix_name = "";
    } else if (bare_struct_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdStruct) {
        prefix_name = "struct ";
    } else if (bare_struct_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum) {
        prefix_name = "enum ";
    } else if (bare_struct_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion) {
        prefix_name = "union ";
    } else {
        prefix_name = "";
    }
    ir_add_error_node(ira, source_instr->source_node,
        buf_sprintf("no member named '%s' in %s'%s'", buf_ptr(field_name), prefix_name, buf_ptr(&bare_struct_type->name)));
    return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
}


static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_container_field_ptr(IrAnalyze *ira, Buf *field_name,
    IrInstruction *source_instr, IrInstruction *container_ptr, TypeTableEntry *container_type)
{
    TypeTableEntry *bare_type = container_ref_type(container_type);
    ensure_complete_type(ira->codegen, bare_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(bare_type))
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    assert(container_ptr->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
    bool is_const = container_ptr->value.type->data.pointer.is_const;
    bool is_volatile = container_ptr->value.type->data.pointer.is_volatile;
    if (bare_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdStruct) {
        TypeStructField *field = find_struct_type_field(bare_type, field_name);
        if (field) {
            bool is_packed = (bare_type->data.structure.layout == ContainerLayoutPacked);
            uint32_t align_bytes = is_packed ? 1 : get_abi_alignment(ira->codegen, field->type_entry);
            size_t ptr_bit_offset = container_ptr->value.type->data.pointer.bit_offset;
            size_t ptr_unaligned_bit_count = container_ptr->value.type->data.pointer.unaligned_bit_count;
            size_t unaligned_bit_count_for_result_type = (ptr_unaligned_bit_count == 0) ?
                field->unaligned_bit_count : type_size_bits(ira->codegen, field->type_entry);
            if (instr_is_comptime(container_ptr)) {
                ConstExprValue *ptr_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, container_ptr, UndefBad);
                if (!ptr_val)
                    return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

                if (ptr_val->data.x_ptr.special != ConstPtrSpecialHardCodedAddr) {
                    ConstExprValue *struct_val = const_ptr_pointee(ira->codegen, ptr_val);
                    if (type_is_invalid(struct_val->type))
                        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
                    ConstExprValue *field_val = &struct_val->data.x_struct.fields[field->src_index];
                    TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, field_val->type,
                            is_const, is_volatile, align_bytes,
                            (uint32_t)(ptr_bit_offset + field->packed_bits_offset),
                            (uint32_t)unaligned_bit_count_for_result_type);
                    IrInstruction *result = ir_get_const(ira, source_instr);
                    ConstExprValue *const_val = &result->value;
                    const_val->data.x_ptr.special = ConstPtrSpecialBaseStruct;
                    const_val->data.x_ptr.mut = container_ptr->value.data.x_ptr.mut;
                    const_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_struct.struct_val = struct_val;
                    const_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_struct.field_index = field->src_index;
                    const_val->type = ptr_type;
                    return result;
                }
            }
            IrInstruction *result = ir_build_struct_field_ptr(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope, source_instr->source_node,
                    container_ptr, field);
            result->value.type = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, field->type_entry, is_const, is_volatile,
                    align_bytes,
                    (uint32_t)(ptr_bit_offset + field->packed_bits_offset),
                    (uint32_t)unaligned_bit_count_for_result_type);
            return result;
        } else {
            return ir_analyze_container_member_access_inner(ira, bare_type, field_name,
                source_instr, container_ptr, container_type);
        }
    } else if (bare_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum) {
        return ir_analyze_container_member_access_inner(ira, bare_type, field_name,
            source_instr, container_ptr, container_type);
    } else if (bare_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion) {
        TypeUnionField *field = find_union_type_field(bare_type, field_name);
        if (field) {
            IrInstruction *result = ir_build_union_field_ptr(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope, source_instr->source_node, container_ptr, field);
            result->value.type = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, field->type_entry, is_const, is_volatile,
                    get_abi_alignment(ira->codegen, field->type_entry), 0, 0);
            return result;
        } else {
            return ir_analyze_container_member_access_inner(ira, bare_type, field_name,
                source_instr, container_ptr, container_type);
        }
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }
}

static void add_link_lib_symbol(IrAnalyze *ira, Buf *lib_name, Buf *symbol_name, AstNode *source_node) {
    LinkLib *link_lib = add_link_lib(ira->codegen, lib_name);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < link_lib->symbols.length; i += 1) {
        Buf *existing_symbol_name = link_lib->symbols.at(i);
        if (buf_eql_buf(existing_symbol_name, symbol_name)) {
            return;
        }
    }
    for (size_t i = 0; i < ira->codegen->forbidden_libs.length; i += 1) {
        Buf *forbidden_lib_name = ira->codegen->forbidden_libs.at(i);
        if (buf_eql_buf(lib_name, forbidden_lib_name)) {
            ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                buf_sprintf("linking against forbidden library '%s'", buf_ptr(symbol_name)));
        }
    }
    link_lib->symbols.append(symbol_name);
}


static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_decl_ref(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instruction, Tld *tld) {
    bool pointer_only = false;
    resolve_top_level_decl(ira->codegen, tld, pointer_only, source_instruction->source_node);
    if (tld->resolution == TldResolutionInvalid)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    switch (tld->id) {
        case TldIdContainer:
        case TldIdCompTime:
            zig_unreachable();
        case TldIdVar:
        {
            TldVar *tld_var = (TldVar *)tld;
            VariableTableEntry *var = tld_var->var;
            if (tld_var->extern_lib_name != nullptr) {
                add_link_lib_symbol(ira, tld_var->extern_lib_name, &var->name, source_instruction->source_node);
            }

            return ir_analyze_var_ptr(ira, source_instruction, var, false, false);
        }
        case TldIdFn:
        {
            TldFn *tld_fn = (TldFn *)tld;
            FnTableEntry *fn_entry = tld_fn->fn_entry;
            assert(fn_entry->type_entry);

            if (type_is_invalid(fn_entry->type_entry))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            // TODO instead of allocating this every time, put it in the tld value and we can reference
            // the same one every time
            ConstExprValue *const_val = create_const_vals(1);
            const_val->special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
            const_val->type = fn_entry->type_entry;
            const_val->data.x_ptr.data.fn.fn_entry = fn_entry;
            const_val->data.x_ptr.special = ConstPtrSpecialFunction;
            const_val->data.x_ptr.mut = ConstPtrMutComptimeConst;

            if (tld_fn->extern_lib_name != nullptr) {
                add_link_lib_symbol(ira, tld_fn->extern_lib_name, &fn_entry->symbol_name, source_instruction->source_node);
            }

            bool ptr_is_const = true;
            bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
            return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, source_instruction, const_val, fn_entry->type_entry,
                    ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
        }
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static ErrorTableEntry *find_err_table_entry(TypeTableEntry *err_set_type, Buf *field_name) {
    assert(err_set_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet);
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
        ErrorTableEntry *err_table_entry = err_set_type->data.error_set.errors[i];
        if (buf_eql_buf(&err_table_entry->name, field_name)) {
            return err_table_entry;
        }
    }
    return nullptr;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_field_ptr(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionFieldPtr *field_ptr_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *container_ptr = field_ptr_instruction->container_ptr->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(container_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *container_type;
    if (container_ptr->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
        container_type = container_ptr->value.type->data.pointer.child_type;
    } else if (container_ptr->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMetaType) {
        container_type = container_ptr->value.type;
    } else {
        zig_unreachable();
    }

    Buf *field_name = field_ptr_instruction->field_name;
    AstNode *source_node = field_ptr_instruction->base.source_node;

    if (type_is_invalid(container_type)) {
        return container_type;
    } else if (is_container_ref(container_type)) {
        assert(container_ptr->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
        if (container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
            TypeTableEntry *bare_type = container_ref_type(container_type);
            IrInstruction *container_child = ir_get_deref(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base, container_ptr);
            IrInstruction *result = ir_analyze_container_field_ptr(ira, field_name, &field_ptr_instruction->base, container_child, bare_type);
            ir_link_new_instruction(result, &field_ptr_instruction->base);
            return result->value.type;
        } else {
            IrInstruction *result = ir_analyze_container_field_ptr(ira, field_name, &field_ptr_instruction->base, container_ptr, container_type);
            ir_link_new_instruction(result, &field_ptr_instruction->base);
            return result->value.type;
        }
    } else if (container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray) {
        if (buf_eql_str(field_name, "len")) {
            ConstExprValue *len_val = create_const_vals(1);
            init_const_usize(ira->codegen, len_val, container_type->data.array.len);

            TypeTableEntry *usize = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize;
            bool ptr_is_const = true;
            bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
            return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base, len_val,
                    usize, ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
        } else {
            ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                buf_sprintf("no member named '%s' in '%s'", buf_ptr(field_name),
                    buf_ptr(&container_type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    } else if (container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple) {
        ConstExprValue *container_ptr_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, container_ptr, UndefBad);
        if (!container_ptr_val)
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        assert(container_ptr->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
        ConstExprValue *child_val = const_ptr_pointee(ira->codegen, container_ptr_val);

        if (buf_eql_str(field_name, "len")) {
            ConstExprValue *len_val = create_const_vals(1);
            size_t len = child_val->data.x_arg_tuple.end_index - child_val->data.x_arg_tuple.start_index;
            init_const_usize(ira->codegen, len_val, len);

            TypeTableEntry *usize = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize;
            bool ptr_is_const = true;
            bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
            return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base, len_val,
                    usize, ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
        } else {
            ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                buf_sprintf("no member named '%s' in '%s'", buf_ptr(field_name),
                    buf_ptr(&container_type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    } else if (container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMetaType) {
        ConstExprValue *container_ptr_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, container_ptr, UndefBad);
        if (!container_ptr_val)
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        TypeTableEntry *child_type;
        if (container_ptr->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMetaType) {
            TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = container_ptr_val->data.x_type;
            assert(ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
            child_type = ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type;
        } else if (container_ptr->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
            ConstExprValue *child_val = const_ptr_pointee(ira->codegen, container_ptr_val);
            child_type = child_val->data.x_type;
        } else {
            zig_unreachable();
        }

        if (type_is_invalid(child_type)) {
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        } else if (is_container(child_type)) {
            if (is_slice(child_type) && buf_eql_str(field_name, "Child")) {
                bool ptr_is_const = true;
                bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
                TypeStructField *ptr_field = &child_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index];
                assert(ptr_field->type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
                TypeTableEntry *child_type = ptr_field->type_entry->data.pointer.child_type;
                return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    create_const_type(ira->codegen, child_type),
                    ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type,
                    ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
            }
            if (child_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum) {
                ensure_complete_type(ira->codegen, child_type);
                if (child_type->data.enumeration.is_invalid)
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

                TypeEnumField *field = find_enum_type_field(child_type, field_name);
                if (field) {
                    bool ptr_is_const = true;
                    bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
                    return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                            create_const_enum(child_type, &field->value), child_type,
                            ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
                }
            } else if (child_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion &&
                    (child_type->data.unionation.decl_node->data.container_decl.init_arg_expr != nullptr ||
                    child_type->data.unionation.decl_node->data.container_decl.auto_enum))
            {
                ensure_complete_type(ira->codegen, child_type);
                if (type_is_invalid(child_type))
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                TypeUnionField *field = find_union_type_field(child_type, field_name);
                if (field) {
                    TypeTableEntry *enum_type = child_type->data.unionation.tag_type;
                    bool ptr_is_const = true;
                    bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
                    return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                            create_const_enum(enum_type, &field->enum_field->value), enum_type,
                            ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
                }
            }
            ScopeDecls *container_scope = get_container_scope(child_type);
            if (container_scope != nullptr) {
                auto entry = container_scope->decl_table.maybe_get(field_name);
                Tld *tld = entry ? entry->value : nullptr;
                if (tld) {
                    return ir_analyze_decl_ref(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base, tld);
                }
            }
            ir_add_error(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                buf_sprintf("container '%s' has no member called '%s'",
                    buf_ptr(&child_type->name), buf_ptr(field_name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        } else if (child_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet) {
            ErrorTableEntry *err_entry;
            TypeTableEntry *err_set_type;
            if (type_is_global_error_set(child_type)) {
                auto existing_entry = ira->codegen->error_table.maybe_get(field_name);
                if (existing_entry) {
                    err_entry = existing_entry->value;
                } else {
                    err_entry = allocate<ErrorTableEntry>(1);
                    err_entry->decl_node = field_ptr_instruction->base.source_node;
                    buf_init_from_buf(&err_entry->name, field_name);
                    size_t error_value_count = ira->codegen->errors_by_index.length;
                    assert((uint32_t)error_value_count < (((uint32_t)1) << (uint32_t)ira->codegen->err_tag_type->data.integral.bit_count));
                    err_entry->value = error_value_count;
                    ira->codegen->errors_by_index.append(err_entry);
                    ira->codegen->err_enumerators.append(ZigLLVMCreateDebugEnumerator(ira->codegen->dbuilder,
                        buf_ptr(field_name), error_value_count));
                    ira->codegen->error_table.put(field_name, err_entry);
                }
                if (err_entry->set_with_only_this_in_it == nullptr) {
                    err_entry->set_with_only_this_in_it = make_err_set_with_one_item(ira->codegen,
                            field_ptr_instruction->base.scope, field_ptr_instruction->base.source_node,
                            err_entry);
                }
                err_set_type = err_entry->set_with_only_this_in_it;
            } else {
                if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, child_type, field_ptr_instruction->base.source_node)) {
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                }
                err_entry = find_err_table_entry(child_type, field_name);
                if (err_entry == nullptr) {
                    ir_add_error(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                        buf_sprintf("no error named '%s' in '%s'", buf_ptr(field_name), buf_ptr(&child_type->name)));
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                }
                err_set_type = child_type;
            }
            ConstExprValue *const_val = create_const_vals(1);
            const_val->special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
            const_val->type = err_set_type;
            const_val->data.x_err_set = err_entry;

            bool ptr_is_const = true;
            bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
            return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base, const_val,
                    err_set_type, ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
        } else if (child_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt) {
            if (buf_eql_str(field_name, "bit_count")) {
                bool ptr_is_const = true;
                bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
                return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    create_const_unsigned_negative(ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_num_lit_int,
                        child_type->data.integral.bit_count, false),
                    ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_num_lit_int,
                    ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
            } else if (buf_eql_str(field_name, "is_signed")) {
                bool ptr_is_const = true;
                bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
                return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    create_const_bool(ira->codegen, child_type->data.integral.is_signed),
                    ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool,
                    ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
            } else {
                ir_add_error(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    buf_sprintf("type '%s' has no member called '%s'",
                        buf_ptr(&child_type->name), buf_ptr(field_name)));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
        } else if (child_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFloat) {
            if (buf_eql_str(field_name, "bit_count")) {
                bool ptr_is_const = true;
                bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
                return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    create_const_unsigned_negative(ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_num_lit_int,
                        child_type->data.floating.bit_count, false),
                    ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_num_lit_int,
                    ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
            } else {
                ir_add_error(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    buf_sprintf("type '%s' has no member called '%s'",
                        buf_ptr(&child_type->name), buf_ptr(field_name)));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
        } else if (child_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
            if (buf_eql_str(field_name, "Child")) {
                bool ptr_is_const = true;
                bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
                return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    create_const_type(ira->codegen, child_type->data.pointer.child_type),
                    ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type,
                    ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
            } else if (buf_eql_str(field_name, "alignment")) {
                bool ptr_is_const = true;
                bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
                return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    create_const_unsigned_negative(ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_num_lit_int,
                        child_type->data.pointer.alignment, false),
                    ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_num_lit_int,
                    ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
            } else {
                ir_add_error(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    buf_sprintf("type '%s' has no member called '%s'",
                        buf_ptr(&child_type->name), buf_ptr(field_name)));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
        } else if (child_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray) {
            if (buf_eql_str(field_name, "Child")) {
                bool ptr_is_const = true;
                bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
                return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    create_const_type(ira->codegen, child_type->data.array.child_type),
                    ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type,
                    ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
            } else if (buf_eql_str(field_name, "len")) {
                bool ptr_is_const = true;
                bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
                return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    create_const_unsigned_negative(ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_num_lit_int,
                        child_type->data.array.len, false),
                    ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_num_lit_int,
                    ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
            } else {
                ir_add_error(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    buf_sprintf("type '%s' has no member called '%s'",
                        buf_ptr(&child_type->name), buf_ptr(field_name)));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
        } else if (child_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion) {
            if (buf_eql_str(field_name, "Payload")) {
                bool ptr_is_const = true;
                bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
                return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    create_const_type(ira->codegen, child_type->data.error_union.payload_type),
                    ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type,
                    ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
            } else if (buf_eql_str(field_name, "ErrorSet")) {
                bool ptr_is_const = true;
                bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
                return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    create_const_type(ira->codegen, child_type->data.error_union.err_set_type),
                    ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type,
                    ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
            } else {
                ir_add_error(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    buf_sprintf("type '%s' has no member called '%s'",
                        buf_ptr(&child_type->name), buf_ptr(field_name)));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
        } else if (child_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe) {
            if (buf_eql_str(field_name, "Child")) {
                bool ptr_is_const = true;
                bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
                return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    create_const_type(ira->codegen, child_type->data.maybe.child_type),
                    ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type,
                    ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
            } else {
                ir_add_error(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    buf_sprintf("type '%s' has no member called '%s'",
                        buf_ptr(&child_type->name), buf_ptr(field_name)));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
        } else if (child_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFn) {
            if (buf_eql_str(field_name, "ReturnType")) {
                bool ptr_is_const = true;
                bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
                return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    create_const_type(ira->codegen, child_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.return_type),
                    ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type,
                    ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
            } else if (buf_eql_str(field_name, "is_var_args")) {
                bool ptr_is_const = true;
                bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
                return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    create_const_bool(ira->codegen, child_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.is_var_args),
                    ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool,
                    ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
            } else if (buf_eql_str(field_name, "arg_count")) {
                bool ptr_is_const = true;
                bool ptr_is_volatile = false;
                return ir_analyze_const_ptr(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    create_const_usize(ira->codegen, child_type->data.fn.fn_type_id.param_count),
                    ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize,
                    ConstPtrMutComptimeConst, ptr_is_const, ptr_is_volatile);
            } else {
                ir_add_error(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                    buf_sprintf("type '%s' has no member called '%s'",
                        buf_ptr(&child_type->name), buf_ptr(field_name)));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
        } else {
            ir_add_error(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base,
                buf_sprintf("type '%s' does not support field access", buf_ptr(&child_type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    } else if (container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNamespace) {
        assert(container_ptr->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
        ConstExprValue *container_ptr_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, container_ptr, UndefBad);
        if (!container_ptr_val)
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        ConstExprValue *namespace_val = const_ptr_pointee(ira->codegen, container_ptr_val);
        assert(namespace_val->special == ConstValSpecialStatic);

        ImportTableEntry *namespace_import = namespace_val->data.x_import;

        Tld *tld = find_decl(ira->codegen, &namespace_import->decls_scope->base, field_name);
        if (tld) {
            if (tld->visib_mod == VisibModPrivate &&
                tld->import != source_node->owner)
            {
                ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("'%s' is private", buf_ptr(field_name)));
                add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, tld->source_node, buf_sprintf("declared here"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
            return ir_analyze_decl_ref(ira, &field_ptr_instruction->base, tld);
        } else {
            const char *import_name = namespace_import->path ? buf_ptr(namespace_import->path) : "(C import)";
            ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                buf_sprintf("no member named '%s' in '%s'", buf_ptr(field_name), import_name));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    } else {
        ir_add_error_node(ira, field_ptr_instruction->base.source_node,
            buf_sprintf("type '%s' does not support field access", buf_ptr(&container_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_load_ptr(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionLoadPtr *load_ptr_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *ptr = load_ptr_instruction->ptr->other;
    IrInstruction *result = ir_get_deref(ira, &load_ptr_instruction->base, ptr);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &load_ptr_instruction->base);
    assert(result->value.type);
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_store_ptr(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionStorePtr *store_ptr_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *ptr = store_ptr_instruction->ptr->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(ptr->value.type))
        return ptr->value.type;

    IrInstruction *value = store_ptr_instruction->value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return value->value.type;

    if (ptr->value.type->id != TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
        ir_add_error(ira, ptr,
            buf_sprintf("attempt to dereference non pointer type '%s'", buf_ptr(&ptr->value.type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (ptr->value.data.x_ptr.special == ConstPtrSpecialDiscard) {
        return ir_analyze_void(ira, &store_ptr_instruction->base);
    }

    if (ptr->value.type->data.pointer.is_const && !store_ptr_instruction->base.is_gen) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &store_ptr_instruction->base, buf_sprintf("cannot assign to constant"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    TypeTableEntry *child_type = ptr->value.type->data.pointer.child_type;
    IrInstruction *casted_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, value, child_type);
    if (casted_value == ira->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (instr_is_comptime(ptr) && ptr->value.data.x_ptr.special != ConstPtrSpecialHardCodedAddr) {
        if (ptr->value.data.x_ptr.mut == ConstPtrMutComptimeConst) {
            ir_add_error(ira, &store_ptr_instruction->base, buf_sprintf("cannot assign to constant"));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        if (ptr->value.data.x_ptr.mut == ConstPtrMutComptimeVar) {
            if (instr_is_comptime(casted_value)) {
                ConstExprValue *dest_val = const_ptr_pointee(ira->codegen, &ptr->value);
                if (dest_val->special != ConstValSpecialRuntime) {
                    *dest_val = casted_value->value;
                    if (!ira->new_irb.current_basic_block->must_be_comptime_source_instr) {
                        ira->new_irb.current_basic_block->must_be_comptime_source_instr = &store_ptr_instruction->base;
                    }
                    return ir_analyze_void(ira, &store_ptr_instruction->base);
                }
            }
            ir_add_error(ira, &store_ptr_instruction->base,
                    buf_sprintf("cannot store runtime value in compile time variable"));
            ConstExprValue *dest_val = const_ptr_pointee(ira->codegen, &ptr->value);
            dest_val->type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    }

    ir_build_store_ptr_from(&ira->new_irb, &store_ptr_instruction->base, ptr, casted_value);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_typeof(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionTypeOf *typeof_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *expr_value = typeof_instruction->value->other;
    TypeTableEntry *type_entry = expr_value->value.type;
    if (type_is_invalid(type_entry))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    switch (type_entry->id) {
        case TypeTableEntryIdInvalid:
            zig_unreachable(); // handled above
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNullLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNamespace:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBlock:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBoundFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdMetaType:
        case TypeTableEntryIdVoid:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBool:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable:
        case TypeTableEntryIdInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPointer:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArray:
        case TypeTableEntryIdStruct:
        case TypeTableEntryIdMaybe:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet:
        case TypeTableEntryIdEnum:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnion:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple:
        case TypeTableEntryIdOpaque:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPromise:
            {
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &typeof_instruction->base);
                out_val->data.x_type = type_entry;

                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
            }
    }

    zig_unreachable();
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_to_ptr_type(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionToPtrType *to_ptr_type_instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *value = to_ptr_type_instruction->value->other;
    TypeTableEntry *type_entry = value->value.type;
    if (type_is_invalid(type_entry))
        return type_entry;

    TypeTableEntry *ptr_type;
    if (type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray) {
        ptr_type = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, type_entry->data.array.child_type, false);
    } else if (is_slice(type_entry)) {
        ptr_type = type_entry->data.structure.fields[0].type_entry;
    } else if (type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple) {
        ConstExprValue *arg_tuple_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, value, UndefBad);
        if (!arg_tuple_val)
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        zig_panic("TODO for loop on var args");
    } else {
        ir_add_error_node(ira, to_ptr_type_instruction->base.source_node,
                buf_sprintf("expected array type, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&type_entry->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &to_ptr_type_instruction->base);
    out_val->data.x_type = ptr_type;
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_ptr_type_child(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionPtrTypeChild *ptr_type_child_instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *type_value = ptr_type_child_instruction->value->other;
    TypeTableEntry *type_entry = ir_resolve_type(ira, type_value);
    if (type_is_invalid(type_entry))
        return type_entry;

    if (type_entry->id != TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
        ir_add_error_node(ira, ptr_type_child_instruction->base.source_node,
                buf_sprintf("expected pointer type, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&type_entry->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &ptr_type_child_instruction->base);
    out_val->data.x_type = type_entry->data.pointer.child_type;
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_set_cold(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionSetCold *instruction) {
    if (ira->new_irb.exec->is_inline) {
        // ignore setCold when running functions at compile time
        ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    }

    IrInstruction *is_cold_value = instruction->is_cold->other;
    bool want_cold;
    if (!ir_resolve_bool(ira, is_cold_value, &want_cold))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    FnTableEntry *fn_entry = scope_fn_entry(instruction->base.scope);
    if (fn_entry == nullptr) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("@setCold outside function"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (fn_entry->set_cold_node != nullptr) {
        ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("cold set twice in same function"));
        add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, fn_entry->set_cold_node, buf_sprintf("first set here"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    fn_entry->set_cold_node = instruction->base.source_node;
    fn_entry->is_cold = want_cold;

    ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
}
static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_set_runtime_safety(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionSetRuntimeSafety *set_runtime_safety_instruction)
{
    if (ira->new_irb.exec->is_inline) {
        // ignore setRuntimeSafety when running functions at compile time
        ir_build_const_from(ira, &set_runtime_safety_instruction->base);
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    }

    bool *safety_off_ptr;
    AstNode **safety_set_node_ptr;

    Scope *scope = set_runtime_safety_instruction->base.scope;
    while (scope != nullptr) {
        if (scope->id == ScopeIdBlock) {
            ScopeBlock *block_scope = (ScopeBlock *)scope;
            safety_off_ptr = &block_scope->safety_off;
            safety_set_node_ptr = &block_scope->safety_set_node;
            break;
        } else if (scope->id == ScopeIdFnDef) {
            ScopeFnDef *def_scope = (ScopeFnDef *)scope;
            FnTableEntry *target_fn = def_scope->fn_entry;
            assert(target_fn->def_scope != nullptr);
            safety_off_ptr = &target_fn->def_scope->safety_off;
            safety_set_node_ptr = &target_fn->def_scope->safety_set_node;
            break;
        } else if (scope->id == ScopeIdDecls) {
            ScopeDecls *decls_scope = (ScopeDecls *)scope;
            safety_off_ptr = &decls_scope->safety_off;
            safety_set_node_ptr = &decls_scope->safety_set_node;
            break;
        } else {
            scope = scope->parent;
            continue;
        }
    }
    assert(scope != nullptr);

    IrInstruction *safety_on_value = set_runtime_safety_instruction->safety_on->other;
    bool want_runtime_safety;
    if (!ir_resolve_bool(ira, safety_on_value, &want_runtime_safety))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    AstNode *source_node = set_runtime_safety_instruction->base.source_node;
    if (*safety_set_node_ptr) {
        ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                buf_sprintf("runtime safety set twice for same scope"));
        add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, *safety_set_node_ptr, buf_sprintf("first set here"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
    *safety_set_node_ptr = source_node;
    *safety_off_ptr = !want_runtime_safety;

    ir_build_const_from(ira, &set_runtime_safety_instruction->base);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_set_float_mode(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionSetFloatMode *instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *target_instruction = instruction->scope_value->other;
    TypeTableEntry *target_type = target_instruction->value.type;
    if (type_is_invalid(target_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    ConstExprValue *target_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, target_instruction, UndefBad);
    if (!target_val)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (ira->new_irb.exec->is_inline) {
        // ignore setFloatMode when running functions at compile time
        ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    }

    bool *fast_math_off_ptr;
    AstNode **fast_math_set_node_ptr;
    if (target_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdBlock) {
        ScopeBlock *block_scope = (ScopeBlock *)target_val->data.x_block;
        fast_math_off_ptr = &block_scope->fast_math_off;
        fast_math_set_node_ptr = &block_scope->fast_math_set_node;
    } else if (target_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFn) {
        assert(target_val->data.x_ptr.special == ConstPtrSpecialFunction);
        FnTableEntry *target_fn = target_val->data.x_ptr.data.fn.fn_entry;
        assert(target_fn->def_scope);
        fast_math_off_ptr = &target_fn->def_scope->fast_math_off;
        fast_math_set_node_ptr = &target_fn->def_scope->fast_math_set_node;
    } else if (target_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMetaType) {
        ScopeDecls *decls_scope;
        TypeTableEntry *type_arg = target_val->data.x_type;
        if (type_arg->id == TypeTableEntryIdStruct) {
            decls_scope = type_arg->data.structure.decls_scope;
        } else if (type_arg->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum) {
            decls_scope = type_arg->data.enumeration.decls_scope;
        } else if (type_arg->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion) {
            decls_scope = type_arg->data.unionation.decls_scope;
        } else {
            ir_add_error_node(ira, target_instruction->source_node,
                buf_sprintf("expected scope reference, found type '%s'", buf_ptr(&type_arg->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        fast_math_off_ptr = &decls_scope->fast_math_off;
        fast_math_set_node_ptr = &decls_scope->fast_math_set_node;
    } else {
        ir_add_error_node(ira, target_instruction->source_node,
            buf_sprintf("expected scope reference, found type '%s'", buf_ptr(&target_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    IrInstruction *float_mode_value = instruction->mode_value->other;

    FloatMode float_mode_scalar;
    if (!ir_resolve_float_mode(ira, float_mode_value, &float_mode_scalar))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    AstNode *source_node = instruction->base.source_node;
    if (*fast_math_set_node_ptr) {
        ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                buf_sprintf("float mode set twice for same scope"));
        add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, *fast_math_set_node_ptr, buf_sprintf("first set here"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
    *fast_math_set_node_ptr = source_node;
    *fast_math_off_ptr = (float_mode_scalar == FloatModeStrict);

    ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_slice_type(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionSliceType *slice_type_instruction)
{
    uint32_t align_bytes;
    if (slice_type_instruction->align_value != nullptr) {
        if (!ir_resolve_align(ira, slice_type_instruction->align_value->other, &align_bytes))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    TypeTableEntry *child_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, slice_type_instruction->child_type->other);
    if (type_is_invalid(child_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (slice_type_instruction->align_value == nullptr) {
        align_bytes = get_abi_alignment(ira->codegen, child_type);
    }

    bool is_const = slice_type_instruction->is_const;
    bool is_volatile = slice_type_instruction->is_volatile;

    switch (child_type->id) {
        case TypeTableEntryIdInvalid: // handled above
            zig_unreachable();
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNullLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBlock:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple:
        case TypeTableEntryIdOpaque:
            ir_add_error_node(ira, slice_type_instruction->base.source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("slice of type '%s' not allowed", buf_ptr(&child_type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        case TypeTableEntryIdMetaType:
        case TypeTableEntryIdVoid:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBool:
        case TypeTableEntryIdInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPointer:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArray:
        case TypeTableEntryIdStruct:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdMaybe:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet:
        case TypeTableEntryIdEnum:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnion:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNamespace:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBoundFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPromise:
            {
                type_ensure_zero_bits_known(ira->codegen, child_type);
                TypeTableEntry *slice_ptr_type = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, child_type,
                        is_const, is_volatile, align_bytes, 0, 0);
                TypeTableEntry *result_type = get_slice_type(ira->codegen, slice_ptr_type);
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &slice_type_instruction->base);
                out_val->data.x_type = result_type;
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
            }
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_asm(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionAsm *asm_instruction) {
    assert(asm_instruction->base.source_node->type == NodeTypeAsmExpr);

    AstNodeAsmExpr *asm_expr = &asm_instruction->base.source_node->data.asm_expr;

    bool global_scope = (scope_fn_entry(asm_instruction->base.scope) == nullptr);
    if (global_scope) {
        if (asm_expr->output_list.length != 0 || asm_expr->input_list.length != 0 ||
            asm_expr->clobber_list.length != 0)
        {
            ir_add_error(ira, &asm_instruction->base,
                buf_sprintf("global assembly cannot have inputs, outputs, or clobbers"));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        buf_append_char(&ira->codegen->global_asm, '\n');
        buf_append_buf(&ira->codegen->global_asm, asm_expr->asm_template);

        ir_build_const_from(ira, &asm_instruction->base);
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    }

    if (!ir_emit_global_runtime_side_effect(ira, &asm_instruction->base))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    // TODO validate the output types and variable types

    IrInstruction **input_list = allocate<IrInstruction *>(asm_expr->input_list.length);
    IrInstruction **output_types = allocate<IrInstruction *>(asm_expr->output_list.length);

    TypeTableEntry *return_type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < asm_expr->output_list.length; i += 1) {
        AsmOutput *asm_output = asm_expr->output_list.at(i);
        if (asm_output->return_type) {
            output_types[i] = asm_instruction->output_types[i]->other;
            return_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, output_types[i]);
            if (type_is_invalid(return_type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    }

    for (size_t i = 0; i < asm_expr->input_list.length; i += 1) {
        input_list[i] = asm_instruction->input_list[i]->other;
        if (type_is_invalid(input_list[i]->value.type))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    ir_build_asm_from(&ira->new_irb, &asm_instruction->base, input_list, output_types,
        asm_instruction->output_vars, asm_instruction->return_count, asm_instruction->has_side_effects);
    return return_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_array_type(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionArrayType *array_type_instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *size_value = array_type_instruction->size->other;
    uint64_t size;
    if (!ir_resolve_usize(ira, size_value, &size))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *child_type_value = array_type_instruction->child_type->other;
    TypeTableEntry *child_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, child_type_value);
    if (type_is_invalid(child_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    switch (child_type->id) {
        case TypeTableEntryIdInvalid: // handled above
            zig_unreachable();
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNullLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBlock:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple:
        case TypeTableEntryIdOpaque:
            ir_add_error_node(ira, array_type_instruction->base.source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("array of type '%s' not allowed", buf_ptr(&child_type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        case TypeTableEntryIdMetaType:
        case TypeTableEntryIdVoid:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBool:
        case TypeTableEntryIdInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPointer:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArray:
        case TypeTableEntryIdStruct:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdMaybe:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet:
        case TypeTableEntryIdEnum:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnion:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNamespace:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBoundFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPromise:
            {
                TypeTableEntry *result_type = get_array_type(ira->codegen, child_type, size);
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &array_type_instruction->base);
                out_val->data.x_type = result_type;
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
            }
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_promise_type(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionPromiseType *instruction) {
    TypeTableEntry *promise_type;

    if (instruction->payload_type == nullptr) {
        promise_type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_promise;
    } else {
        TypeTableEntry *payload_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, instruction->payload_type->other);
        if (type_is_invalid(payload_type))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        promise_type = get_promise_type(ira->codegen, payload_type);
    }

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    out_val->data.x_type = promise_type;
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_size_of(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionSizeOf *size_of_instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *type_value = size_of_instruction->type_value->other;
    TypeTableEntry *type_entry = ir_resolve_type(ira, type_value);

    ensure_complete_type(ira->codegen, type_entry);
    if (type_is_invalid(type_entry))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    switch (type_entry->id) {
        case TypeTableEntryIdInvalid: // handled above
            zig_unreachable();
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNullLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBlock:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBoundFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdMetaType:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNamespace:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple:
        case TypeTableEntryIdOpaque:
            ir_add_error_node(ira, size_of_instruction->base.source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("no size available for type '%s'", buf_ptr(&type_entry->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        case TypeTableEntryIdVoid:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBool:
        case TypeTableEntryIdInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPointer:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArray:
        case TypeTableEntryIdStruct:
        case TypeTableEntryIdMaybe:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet:
        case TypeTableEntryIdEnum:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnion:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPromise:
            {
                uint64_t size_in_bytes = type_size(ira->codegen, type_entry);
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &size_of_instruction->base);
                bigint_init_unsigned(&out_val->data.x_bigint, size_in_bytes);
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_num_lit_int;
            }
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_test_non_null(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionTestNonNull *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *value = instruction->value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *type_entry = value->value.type;

    if (type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe) {
        if (instr_is_comptime(value)) {
            ConstExprValue *maybe_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, value, UndefBad);
            if (!maybe_val)
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
            out_val->data.x_bool = (maybe_val->data.x_maybe != nullptr);
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
        }

        ir_build_test_nonnull_from(&ira->new_irb, &instruction->base, value);
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
    } else if (type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdNullLit) {
        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        out_val->data.x_bool = false;
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
    } else {
        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        out_val->data.x_bool = true;
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
    }
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_unwrap_maybe(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionUnwrapMaybe *unwrap_maybe_instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *value = unwrap_maybe_instruction->value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = value->value.type;
    if (ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMetaType) {
        // surprise! actually this is just ??T not an unwrap maybe instruction
        TypeTableEntry *ptr_type_ptr = ir_resolve_type(ira, value);
        assert(ptr_type_ptr->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
        TypeTableEntry *child_type = ptr_type_ptr->data.pointer.child_type;
        type_ensure_zero_bits_known(ira->codegen, child_type);
        TypeTableEntry *layer1 = get_maybe_type(ira->codegen, child_type);
        TypeTableEntry *layer2 = get_maybe_type(ira->codegen, layer1);
        TypeTableEntry *result_type = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, layer2, true);

        IrInstruction *const_instr = ir_build_const_type(&ira->new_irb, unwrap_maybe_instruction->base.scope,
                unwrap_maybe_instruction->base.source_node, result_type);
        ir_link_new_instruction(const_instr, &unwrap_maybe_instruction->base);
        return const_instr->value.type;
    }

    assert(ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);

    TypeTableEntry *type_entry = ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type;
    if (type_is_invalid(type_entry)) {
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    } else if (type_entry->id != TypeTableEntryIdMaybe) {
        ir_add_error_node(ira, unwrap_maybe_instruction->value->source_node,
                buf_sprintf("expected nullable type, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&type_entry->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
    TypeTableEntry *child_type = type_entry->data.maybe.child_type;
    TypeTableEntry *result_type = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, child_type,
            ptr_type->data.pointer.is_const, ptr_type->data.pointer.is_volatile,
            get_abi_alignment(ira->codegen, child_type), 0, 0);

    if (instr_is_comptime(value)) {
        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, value, UndefBad);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        ConstExprValue *maybe_val = const_ptr_pointee(ira->codegen, val);

        if (val->data.x_ptr.mut != ConstPtrMutRuntimeVar) {
            if (!maybe_val->data.x_maybe) {
                ir_add_error(ira, &unwrap_maybe_instruction->base, buf_sprintf("unable to unwrap null"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
            ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &unwrap_maybe_instruction->base);
            out_val->data.x_ptr.special = ConstPtrSpecialRef;
            out_val->data.x_ptr.data.ref.pointee = maybe_val->data.x_maybe;
            return result_type;
        }
    }

    ir_build_unwrap_maybe_from(&ira->new_irb, &unwrap_maybe_instruction->base, value,
            unwrap_maybe_instruction->safety_check_on);
    return result_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_ctz(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCtz *ctz_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *value = ctz_instruction->value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type)) {
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    } else if (value->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt) {
        TypeTableEntry *return_type = get_smallest_unsigned_int_type(ira->codegen,
                value->value.type->data.integral.bit_count);
        if (value->value.special != ConstValSpecialRuntime) {
            size_t result = bigint_ctz(&value->value.data.x_bigint,
                    value->value.type->data.integral.bit_count);
            ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &ctz_instruction->base);
            bigint_init_unsigned(&out_val->data.x_bigint, result);
            return return_type;
        }

        ir_build_ctz_from(&ira->new_irb, &ctz_instruction->base, value);
        return return_type;
    } else {
        ir_add_error_node(ira, ctz_instruction->base.source_node,
            buf_sprintf("expected integer type, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&value->value.type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_clz(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionClz *clz_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *value = clz_instruction->value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type)) {
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    } else if (value->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt) {
        TypeTableEntry *return_type = get_smallest_unsigned_int_type(ira->codegen,
                value->value.type->data.integral.bit_count);
        if (value->value.special != ConstValSpecialRuntime) {
            size_t result = bigint_clz(&value->value.data.x_bigint,
                    value->value.type->data.integral.bit_count);
            ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &clz_instruction->base);
            bigint_init_unsigned(&out_val->data.x_bigint, result);
            return return_type;
        }

        ir_build_clz_from(&ira->new_irb, &clz_instruction->base, value);
        return return_type;
    } else {
        ir_add_error_node(ira, clz_instruction->base.source_node,
            buf_sprintf("expected integer type, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&value->value.type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
}

static IrInstruction *ir_analyze_union_tag(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instr, IrInstruction *value) {
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

    if (value->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum) {
        return value;
    }

    if (value->value.type->id != TypeTableEntryIdUnion) {
        ir_add_error(ira, source_instr,
            buf_sprintf("expected enum or union type, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&value->value.type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }
    if (!value->value.type->data.unionation.have_explicit_tag_type && !source_instr->is_gen) {
        ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, source_instr, buf_sprintf("union has no associated enum"));
        if (value->value.type->data.unionation.decl_node != nullptr) {
            add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, value->value.type->data.unionation.decl_node,
                    buf_sprintf("declared here"));
        }
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    TypeTableEntry *tag_type = value->value.type->data.unionation.tag_type;
    assert(tag_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum);

    if (instr_is_comptime(value)) {
        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, value, UndefBad);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

        IrInstructionConst *const_instruction = ir_create_instruction<IrInstructionConst>(&ira->new_irb,
                source_instr->scope, source_instr->source_node);
        const_instruction->base.value.type = tag_type;
        const_instruction->base.value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
        bigint_init_bigint(&const_instruction->base.value.data.x_enum_tag, &val->data.x_union.tag);
        return &const_instruction->base;
    }

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_union_tag(&ira->new_irb, source_instr->scope, source_instr->source_node, value);
    result->value.type = tag_type;
    return result;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_switch_br(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionSwitchBr *switch_br_instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *target_value = switch_br_instruction->target_value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(target_value->value.type))
        return ir_unreach_error(ira);

    size_t case_count = switch_br_instruction->case_count;

    bool is_comptime;
    if (!ir_resolve_comptime(ira, switch_br_instruction->is_comptime->other, &is_comptime))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (is_comptime || instr_is_comptime(target_value)) {
        ConstExprValue *target_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, target_value, UndefBad);
        if (!target_val)
            return ir_unreach_error(ira);

        IrBasicBlock *old_dest_block = switch_br_instruction->else_block;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < case_count; i += 1) {
            IrInstructionSwitchBrCase *old_case = &switch_br_instruction->cases[i];
            IrInstruction *case_value = old_case->value->other;
            if (type_is_invalid(case_value->value.type))
                return ir_unreach_error(ira);

            if (case_value->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum) {
                case_value = ir_analyze_union_tag(ira, &switch_br_instruction->base, case_value);
                if (type_is_invalid(case_value->value.type))
                    return ir_unreach_error(ira);
            }

            IrInstruction *casted_case_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, case_value, target_value->value.type);
            if (type_is_invalid(casted_case_value->value.type))
                return ir_unreach_error(ira);

            ConstExprValue *case_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_case_value, UndefBad);
            if (!case_val)
                return ir_unreach_error(ira);

            if (const_values_equal(target_val, case_val)) {
                old_dest_block = old_case->block;
                break;
            }
        }

        if (is_comptime || old_dest_block->ref_count == 1) {
            return ir_inline_bb(ira, &switch_br_instruction->base, old_dest_block);
        } else {
            IrBasicBlock *new_dest_block = ir_get_new_bb(ira, old_dest_block, &switch_br_instruction->base);
            ir_build_br_from(&ira->new_irb, &switch_br_instruction->base, new_dest_block);
            return ir_finish_anal(ira, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable);
        }
    }

    IrInstructionSwitchBrCase *cases = allocate<IrInstructionSwitchBrCase>(case_count);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < case_count; i += 1) {
        IrInstructionSwitchBrCase *old_case = &switch_br_instruction->cases[i];
        IrInstructionSwitchBrCase *new_case = &cases[i];
        new_case->block = ir_get_new_bb(ira, old_case->block, &switch_br_instruction->base);
        new_case->value = ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

        // Calling ir_get_new_bb set the ref_instruction on the new basic block.
        // However a switch br may branch to the same basic block which would trigger an
        // incorrect re-generation of the block. So we set it to null here and assign
        // it back after the loop.
        new_case->block->ref_instruction = nullptr;

        IrInstruction *old_value = old_case->value;
        IrInstruction *new_value = old_value->other;
        if (type_is_invalid(new_value->value.type))
            continue;

        if (new_value->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum) {
            new_value = ir_analyze_union_tag(ira, &switch_br_instruction->base, new_value);
            if (type_is_invalid(new_value->value.type))
                continue;
        }

        IrInstruction *casted_new_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, new_value, target_value->value.type);
        if (type_is_invalid(casted_new_value->value.type))
            continue;

        if (!ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_new_value, UndefBad))
            continue;

        new_case->value = casted_new_value;
    }

    for (size_t i = 0; i < case_count; i += 1) {
        IrInstructionSwitchBrCase *new_case = &cases[i];
        if (new_case->value == ira->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return ir_unreach_error(ira);
        new_case->block->ref_instruction = &switch_br_instruction->base;
    }

    IrBasicBlock *new_else_block = ir_get_new_bb(ira, switch_br_instruction->else_block, &switch_br_instruction->base);
    ir_build_switch_br_from(&ira->new_irb, &switch_br_instruction->base,
            target_value, new_else_block, case_count, cases, nullptr);
    return ir_finish_anal(ira, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable);
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_switch_target(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionSwitchTarget *switch_target_instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *target_value_ptr = switch_target_instruction->target_value_ptr->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(target_value_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (target_value_ptr->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMetaType) {
        assert(instr_is_comptime(target_value_ptr));
        TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = target_value_ptr->value.data.x_type;
        assert(ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &switch_target_instruction->base);
        out_val->type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
        out_val->data.x_type = ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type;
        return out_val->type;
    }

    assert(target_value_ptr->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);

    TypeTableEntry *target_type = target_value_ptr->value.type->data.pointer.child_type;
    ConstExprValue *pointee_val = nullptr;
    if (instr_is_comptime(target_value_ptr)) {
        pointee_val = const_ptr_pointee(ira->codegen, &target_value_ptr->value);
        if (pointee_val->special == ConstValSpecialRuntime)
            pointee_val = nullptr;
    }
    ensure_complete_type(ira->codegen, target_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(target_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    switch (target_type->id) {
        case TypeTableEntryIdInvalid:
            zig_unreachable();
        case TypeTableEntryIdMetaType:
        case TypeTableEntryIdVoid:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBool:
        case TypeTableEntryIdInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPointer:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPromise:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNamespace:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet:
            if (pointee_val) {
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &switch_target_instruction->base);
                copy_const_val(out_val, pointee_val, true);
                out_val->type = target_type;
                return target_type;
            }

            ir_build_load_ptr_from(&ira->new_irb, &switch_target_instruction->base, target_value_ptr);
            return target_type;
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnion: {
            AstNode *decl_node = target_type->data.unionation.decl_node;
            if (!decl_node->data.container_decl.auto_enum &&
                decl_node->data.container_decl.init_arg_expr == nullptr)
            {
                ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, target_value_ptr,
                    buf_sprintf("switch on union which has no attached enum"));
                add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, decl_node,
                        buf_sprintf("consider 'union(enum)' here"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
            TypeTableEntry *tag_type = target_type->data.unionation.tag_type;
            assert(tag_type != nullptr);
            assert(tag_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum);
            if (pointee_val) {
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &switch_target_instruction->base);
                bigint_init_bigint(&out_val->data.x_enum_tag, &pointee_val->data.x_union.tag);
                return tag_type;
            }
            if (tag_type->data.enumeration.src_field_count == 1) {
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &switch_target_instruction->base);
                TypeEnumField *only_field = &tag_type->data.enumeration.fields[0];
                bigint_init_bigint(&out_val->data.x_enum_tag, &only_field->value);
                return tag_type;
            }

            IrInstruction *union_value = ir_build_load_ptr(&ira->new_irb, switch_target_instruction->base.scope,
                switch_target_instruction->base.source_node, target_value_ptr);
            union_value->value.type = target_type;

            IrInstruction *union_tag_inst = ir_build_union_tag(&ira->new_irb, switch_target_instruction->base.scope,
                    switch_target_instruction->base.source_node, union_value);
            union_tag_inst->value.type = tag_type;
            ir_link_new_instruction(union_tag_inst, &switch_target_instruction->base);
            return tag_type;
        }
        case TypeTableEntryIdEnum: {
            type_ensure_zero_bits_known(ira->codegen, target_type);
            if (type_is_invalid(target_type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            if (target_type->data.enumeration.src_field_count < 2) {
                TypeEnumField *only_field = &target_type->data.enumeration.fields[0];
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &switch_target_instruction->base);
                bigint_init_bigint(&out_val->data.x_enum_tag, &only_field->value);
                return target_type;
            }

            if (pointee_val) {
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &switch_target_instruction->base);
                bigint_init_bigint(&out_val->data.x_enum_tag, &pointee_val->data.x_enum_tag);
                return target_type;
            }

            IrInstruction *enum_value = ir_build_load_ptr(&ira->new_irb, switch_target_instruction->base.scope,
                switch_target_instruction->base.source_node, target_value_ptr);
            enum_value->value.type = target_type;
            ir_link_new_instruction(enum_value, &switch_target_instruction->base);
            return target_type;
        }
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArray:
        case TypeTableEntryIdStruct:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNullLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdMaybe:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBlock:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBoundFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple:
        case TypeTableEntryIdOpaque:
            ir_add_error(ira, &switch_target_instruction->base,
                buf_sprintf("invalid switch target type '%s'", buf_ptr(&target_type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_switch_var(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionSwitchVar *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *target_value_ptr = instruction->target_value_ptr->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(target_value_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *prong_value = instruction->prong_value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(prong_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    assert(target_value_ptr->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
    TypeTableEntry *target_type = target_value_ptr->value.type->data.pointer.child_type;
    if (target_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion) {
        ConstExprValue *prong_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, prong_value, UndefBad);
        if (!prong_val)
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        assert(prong_value->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum);
        TypeUnionField *field = find_union_field_by_tag(target_type, &prong_val->data.x_enum_tag);

        if (instr_is_comptime(target_value_ptr)) {
            ConstExprValue *target_val_ptr = ir_resolve_const(ira, target_value_ptr, UndefBad);
            if (!target_value_ptr)
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            ConstExprValue *pointee_val = const_ptr_pointee(ira->codegen, target_val_ptr);
            ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
            out_val->data.x_ptr.special = ConstPtrSpecialRef;
            out_val->data.x_ptr.mut = target_val_ptr->data.x_ptr.mut;
            out_val->data.x_ptr.data.ref.pointee = pointee_val->data.x_union.payload;
            return get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, field->type_entry, target_val_ptr->type->data.pointer.is_const);
        }

        ir_build_union_field_ptr_from(&ira->new_irb, &instruction->base, target_value_ptr, field);
        return get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, field->type_entry,
                target_value_ptr->value.type->data.pointer.is_const);
    } else {
        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base,
            buf_sprintf("switch on type '%s' provides no expression parameter", buf_ptr(&target_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_union_tag(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionUnionTag *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *value = instruction->value->other;
    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_analyze_union_tag(ira, &instruction->base, value);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, &instruction->base);
    return new_instruction->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_import(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionImport *import_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *name_value = import_instruction->name->other;
    Buf *import_target_str = ir_resolve_str(ira, name_value);
    if (!import_target_str)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    AstNode *source_node = import_instruction->base.source_node;
    ImportTableEntry *import = source_node->owner;

    Buf *import_target_path;
    Buf *search_dir;
    assert(import->package);
    PackageTableEntry *target_package;
    auto package_entry = import->package->package_table.maybe_get(import_target_str);
    if (package_entry) {
        target_package = package_entry->value;
        import_target_path = &target_package->root_src_path;
        search_dir = &target_package->root_src_dir;
    } else {
        // try it as a filename
        target_package = import->package;
        import_target_path = import_target_str;

        // search relative to importing file
        search_dir = buf_alloc();
        os_path_dirname(import->path, search_dir);
    }

    Buf full_path = BUF_INIT;
    os_path_join(search_dir, import_target_path, &full_path);

    Buf *import_code = buf_alloc();
    Buf *abs_full_path = buf_alloc();
    int err;
    if ((err = os_path_real(&full_path, abs_full_path))) {
        if (err == ErrorFileNotFound) {
            ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("unable to find '%s'", buf_ptr(import_target_path)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        } else {
            ira->codegen->error_during_imports = true;
            ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("unable to open '%s': %s", buf_ptr(&full_path), err_str(err)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    }

    auto import_entry = ira->codegen->import_table.maybe_get(abs_full_path);
    if (import_entry) {
        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &import_instruction->base);
        out_val->data.x_import = import_entry->value;
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_namespace;
    }

    if ((err = os_fetch_file_path(abs_full_path, import_code, true))) {
        if (err == ErrorFileNotFound) {
            ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("unable to find '%s'", buf_ptr(import_target_path)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        } else {
            ir_add_error_node(ira, source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("unable to open '%s': %s", buf_ptr(&full_path), err_str(err)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    }
    ImportTableEntry *target_import = add_source_file(ira->codegen, target_package, abs_full_path, import_code);

    scan_import(ira->codegen, target_import);

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &import_instruction->base);
    out_val->data.x_import = target_import;
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_namespace;

}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_array_len(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionArrayLen *array_len_instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *array_value = array_len_instruction->array_value->other;
    TypeTableEntry *type_entry = array_value->value.type;
    if (type_is_invalid(type_entry)) {
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    } else if (type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray) {
        return ir_analyze_const_usize(ira, &array_len_instruction->base,
                type_entry->data.array.len);
    } else if (is_slice(type_entry)) {
        if (array_value->value.special != ConstValSpecialRuntime) {
            ConstExprValue *len_val = &array_value->value.data.x_struct.fields[slice_len_index];
            if (len_val->special != ConstValSpecialRuntime) {
                return ir_analyze_const_usize(ira, &array_len_instruction->base,
                        bigint_as_unsigned(&len_val->data.x_bigint));
            }
        }
        TypeStructField *field = &type_entry->data.structure.fields[slice_len_index];
        IrInstruction *len_ptr = ir_build_struct_field_ptr(&ira->new_irb, array_len_instruction->base.scope,
                array_len_instruction->base.source_node, array_value, field);
        len_ptr->value.type = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize, true);
        ir_build_load_ptr_from(&ira->new_irb, &array_len_instruction->base, len_ptr);
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize;
    } else {
        ir_add_error_node(ira, array_len_instruction->base.source_node,
            buf_sprintf("type '%s' has no field 'len'", buf_ptr(&array_value->value.type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_ref(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionRef *ref_instruction) {
    IrInstruction *value = ref_instruction->value->other;
    return ir_analyze_ref(ira, &ref_instruction->base, value, ref_instruction->is_const, ref_instruction->is_volatile);
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_container_init_fields_union(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *instruction,
    TypeTableEntry *container_type, size_t instr_field_count, IrInstructionContainerInitFieldsField *fields)
{
    assert(container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion);

    ensure_complete_type(ira->codegen, container_type);

    if (instr_field_count != 1) {
        ir_add_error(ira, instruction,
            buf_sprintf("union initialization expects exactly one field"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    IrInstructionContainerInitFieldsField *field = &fields[0];
    IrInstruction *field_value = field->value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(field_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeUnionField *type_field = find_union_type_field(container_type, field->name);
    if (!type_field) {
        ir_add_error_node(ira, field->source_node,
            buf_sprintf("no member named '%s' in union '%s'",
                buf_ptr(field->name), buf_ptr(&container_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (type_is_invalid(type_field->type_entry))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *casted_field_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, field_value, type_field->type_entry);
    if (casted_field_value == ira->codegen->invalid_instruction)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    bool is_comptime = ir_should_inline(ira->new_irb.exec, instruction->scope);
    if (is_comptime || casted_field_value->value.special != ConstValSpecialRuntime) {
        ConstExprValue *field_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_field_value, UndefOk);
        if (!field_val)
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, instruction);
        out_val->data.x_union.payload = field_val;
        out_val->data.x_union.tag = type_field->enum_field->value;

        ConstParent *parent = get_const_val_parent(ira->codegen, field_val);
        if (parent != nullptr) {
            parent->id = ConstParentIdUnion;
            parent->data.p_union.union_val = out_val;
        }

        return container_type;
    }

    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_union_init_from(&ira->new_irb, instruction,
        container_type, type_field, casted_field_value);

    ir_add_alloca(ira, new_instruction, container_type);
    return container_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_container_init_fields(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *instruction,
    TypeTableEntry *container_type, size_t instr_field_count, IrInstructionContainerInitFieldsField *fields)
{
    if (container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion) {
        return ir_analyze_container_init_fields_union(ira, instruction, container_type, instr_field_count, fields);
    }
    if (container_type->id != TypeTableEntryIdStruct || is_slice(container_type)) {
        ir_add_error(ira, instruction,
            buf_sprintf("type '%s' does not support struct initialization syntax",
                buf_ptr(&container_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    ensure_complete_type(ira->codegen, container_type);

    size_t actual_field_count = container_type->data.structure.src_field_count;

    IrInstruction *first_non_const_instruction = nullptr;

    AstNode **field_assign_nodes = allocate<AstNode *>(actual_field_count);

    IrInstructionStructInitField *new_fields = allocate<IrInstructionStructInitField>(actual_field_count);

    bool is_comptime = ir_should_inline(ira->new_irb.exec, instruction->scope);

    ConstExprValue const_val = {};
    const_val.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    const_val.type = container_type;
    const_val.data.x_struct.fields = create_const_vals(actual_field_count);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < instr_field_count; i += 1) {
        IrInstructionContainerInitFieldsField *field = &fields[i];

        IrInstruction *field_value = field->value->other;
        if (type_is_invalid(field_value->value.type))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        TypeStructField *type_field = find_struct_type_field(container_type, field->name);
        if (!type_field) {
            ir_add_error_node(ira, field->source_node,
                buf_sprintf("no member named '%s' in struct '%s'",
                    buf_ptr(field->name), buf_ptr(&container_type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        if (type_is_invalid(type_field->type_entry))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        IrInstruction *casted_field_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, field_value, type_field->type_entry);
        if (casted_field_value == ira->codegen->invalid_instruction)
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        size_t field_index = type_field->src_index;
        AstNode *existing_assign_node = field_assign_nodes[field_index];
        if (existing_assign_node) {
            ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error_node(ira, field->source_node, buf_sprintf("duplicate field"));
            add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, existing_assign_node, buf_sprintf("other field here"));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        field_assign_nodes[field_index] = field->source_node;

        new_fields[field_index].value = casted_field_value;
        new_fields[field_index].type_struct_field = type_field;

        if (const_val.special == ConstValSpecialStatic) {
            if (is_comptime || casted_field_value->value.special != ConstValSpecialRuntime) {
                ConstExprValue *field_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_field_value, UndefOk);
                if (!field_val)
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

                copy_const_val(&const_val.data.x_struct.fields[field_index], field_val, true);
            } else {
                first_non_const_instruction = casted_field_value;
                const_val.special = ConstValSpecialRuntime;
            }
        }
    }

    bool any_missing = false;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < actual_field_count; i += 1) {
        if (!field_assign_nodes[i]) {
            ir_add_error_node(ira, instruction->source_node,
                buf_sprintf("missing field: '%s'", buf_ptr(container_type->data.structure.fields[i].name)));
            any_missing = true;
        }
    }
    if (any_missing)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (const_val.special == ConstValSpecialStatic) {
        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, instruction);
        *out_val = const_val;

        for (size_t i = 0; i < instr_field_count; i += 1) {
            ConstExprValue *field_val = &out_val->data.x_struct.fields[i];
            ConstParent *parent = get_const_val_parent(ira->codegen, field_val);
            if (parent != nullptr) {
                parent->id = ConstParentIdStruct;
                parent->data.p_struct.field_index = i;
                parent->data.p_struct.struct_val = out_val;
            }
        }

        return container_type;
    }

    if (is_comptime) {
        ir_add_error_node(ira, first_non_const_instruction->source_node,
            buf_sprintf("unable to evaluate constant expression"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_struct_init_from(&ira->new_irb, instruction,
        container_type, actual_field_count, new_fields);

    ir_add_alloca(ira, new_instruction, container_type);
    return container_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_container_init_list(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionContainerInitList *instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *container_type_value = instruction->container_type->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(container_type_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    size_t elem_count = instruction->item_count;
    if (container_type_value->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMetaType) {
        TypeTableEntry *container_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, container_type_value);
        if (type_is_invalid(container_type))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        if (container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdStruct && !is_slice(container_type) && elem_count == 0) {
            return ir_analyze_container_init_fields(ira, &instruction->base, container_type,
                    0, nullptr);
        } else if (is_slice(container_type) || container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray) {
            // array is same as slice init but we make a compile error if the length is wrong
            TypeTableEntry *child_type;
            if (container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray) {
                child_type = container_type->data.array.child_type;
                if (container_type->data.array.len != elem_count) {
                    TypeTableEntry *literal_type = get_array_type(ira->codegen, child_type, elem_count);

                    ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base,
                        buf_sprintf("expected %s literal, found %s literal",
                            buf_ptr(&container_type->name), buf_ptr(&literal_type->name)));
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                }
            } else {
                TypeTableEntry *pointer_type = container_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry;
                assert(pointer_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
                child_type = pointer_type->data.pointer.child_type;
            }

            TypeTableEntry *fixed_size_array_type = get_array_type(ira->codegen, child_type, elem_count);

            ConstExprValue const_val = {};
            const_val.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
            const_val.type = fixed_size_array_type;
            const_val.data.x_array.s_none.elements = create_const_vals(elem_count);

            bool is_comptime = ir_should_inline(ira->new_irb.exec, instruction->base.scope);

            IrInstruction **new_items = allocate<IrInstruction *>(elem_count);

            IrInstruction *first_non_const_instruction = nullptr;

            for (size_t i = 0; i < elem_count; i += 1) {
                IrInstruction *arg_value = instruction->items[i]->other;
                if (type_is_invalid(arg_value->value.type))
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

                IrInstruction *casted_arg = ir_implicit_cast(ira, arg_value, child_type);
                if (casted_arg == ira->codegen->invalid_instruction)
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

                new_items[i] = casted_arg;

                if (const_val.special == ConstValSpecialStatic) {
                    if (is_comptime || casted_arg->value.special != ConstValSpecialRuntime) {
                        ConstExprValue *elem_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_arg, UndefBad);
                        if (!elem_val)
                            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

                        copy_const_val(&const_val.data.x_array.s_none.elements[i], elem_val, true);
                    } else {
                        first_non_const_instruction = casted_arg;
                        const_val.special = ConstValSpecialRuntime;
                    }
                }
            }

            if (const_val.special == ConstValSpecialStatic) {
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
                *out_val = const_val;
                for (size_t i = 0; i < elem_count; i += 1) {
                    ConstExprValue *elem_val = &out_val->data.x_array.s_none.elements[i];
                    ConstParent *parent = get_const_val_parent(ira->codegen, elem_val);
                    if (parent != nullptr) {
                        parent->id = ConstParentIdArray;
                        parent->data.p_array.array_val = out_val;
                        parent->data.p_array.elem_index = i;
                    }
                }
                return fixed_size_array_type;
            }

            if (is_comptime) {
                ir_add_error_node(ira, first_non_const_instruction->source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("unable to evaluate constant expression"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }

            IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_container_init_list_from(&ira->new_irb, &instruction->base,
                container_type_value, elem_count, new_items);
            ir_add_alloca(ira, new_instruction, fixed_size_array_type);
            return fixed_size_array_type;
        } else if (container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdVoid) {
            if (elem_count != 0) {
                ir_add_error_node(ira, instruction->base.source_node,
                    buf_sprintf("void expression expects no arguments"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
            return ir_analyze_void(ira, &instruction->base);
        } else {
            ir_add_error_node(ira, instruction->base.source_node,
                buf_sprintf("type '%s' does not support array initialization",
                    buf_ptr(&container_type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    } else {
        ir_add_error(ira, container_type_value,
            buf_sprintf("expected type, found '%s' value", buf_ptr(&container_type_value->value.type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_container_init_fields(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionContainerInitFields *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *container_type_value = instruction->container_type->other;
    TypeTableEntry *container_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, container_type_value);
    if (type_is_invalid(container_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    return ir_analyze_container_init_fields(ira, &instruction->base, container_type,
        instruction->field_count, instruction->fields);
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_min_max(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *source_instruction,
        IrInstruction *target_type_value, bool is_max)
{
    TypeTableEntry *target_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, target_type_value);
    if (type_is_invalid(target_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    switch (target_type->id) {
        case TypeTableEntryIdInvalid:
            zig_unreachable();
        case TypeTableEntryIdInt:
            {
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, source_instruction);
                eval_min_max_value(ira->codegen, target_type, out_val, is_max);
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_num_lit_int;
            }
        case TypeTableEntryIdFloat:
            {
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, source_instruction);
                eval_min_max_value(ira->codegen, target_type, out_val, is_max);
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_num_lit_float;
            }
        case TypeTableEntryIdBool:
        case TypeTableEntryIdVoid:
            {
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, source_instruction);
                eval_min_max_value(ira->codegen, target_type, out_val, is_max);
                return target_type;
            }
        case TypeTableEntryIdEnum:
            zig_panic("TODO min/max value for enum type");
        case TypeTableEntryIdMetaType:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPointer:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPromise:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArray:
        case TypeTableEntryIdStruct:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNullLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdMaybe:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnion:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNamespace:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBlock:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBoundFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple:
        case TypeTableEntryIdOpaque:
            {
                const char *err_format = is_max ?
                    "no max value available for type '%s'" :
                    "no min value available for type '%s'";
                ir_add_error(ira, source_instruction,
                        buf_sprintf(err_format, buf_ptr(&target_type->name)));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_min_value(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionMinValue *instruction)
{
    return ir_analyze_min_max(ira, &instruction->base, instruction->value->other, false);
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_max_value(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionMaxValue *instruction)
{
    return ir_analyze_min_max(ira, &instruction->base, instruction->value->other, true);
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_compile_err(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionCompileErr *instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *msg_value = instruction->msg->other;
    Buf *msg_buf = ir_resolve_str(ira, msg_value);
    if (!msg_buf)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, msg_buf);
    size_t i = ira->codegen->tld_ref_source_node_stack.length;
    for (;;) {
        if (i == 0)
            break;
        i -= 1;
        AstNode *source_node = ira->codegen->tld_ref_source_node_stack.at(i);
        if (source_node) {
            add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, source_node,
                buf_sprintf("referenced here"));
        }
    }

    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_compile_log(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCompileLog *instruction) {
    Buf buf = BUF_INIT;
    fprintf(stderr, "| ");
    for (size_t i = 0; i < instruction->msg_count; i += 1) {
        IrInstruction *msg = instruction->msg_list[i]->other;
        if (type_is_invalid(msg->value.type))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        buf_resize(&buf, 0);
        render_const_value(ira->codegen, &buf, &msg->value);
        const char *comma_str = (i != 0) ? ", " : "";
        fprintf(stderr, "%s%s", comma_str, buf_ptr(&buf));
    }
    fprintf(stderr, "\n");

    ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("found compile log statement"));

    ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_err_name(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionErrName *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *value = instruction->value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *casted_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, value, value->value.type);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *u8_ptr_type = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_u8, true);
    TypeTableEntry *str_type = get_slice_type(ira->codegen, u8_ptr_type);
    if (casted_value->value.special == ConstValSpecialStatic) {
        ErrorTableEntry *err = casted_value->value.data.x_err_set;
        if (!err->cached_error_name_val) {
            ConstExprValue *array_val = create_const_str_lit(ira->codegen, &err->name);
            err->cached_error_name_val = create_const_slice(ira->codegen, array_val, 0, buf_len(&err->name), true);
        }
        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        copy_const_val(out_val, err->cached_error_name_val, true);
        return str_type;
    }

    ira->codegen->generate_error_name_table = true;
    ir_build_err_name_from(&ira->new_irb, &instruction->base, value);
    return str_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_enum_tag_name(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionTagName *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *target = instruction->target->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(target->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    assert(target->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum);

    if (instr_is_comptime(target)) {
        TypeEnumField *field = find_enum_field_by_tag(target->value.type, &target->value.data.x_bigint);
        ConstExprValue *array_val = create_const_str_lit(ira->codegen, field->name);
        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        init_const_slice(ira->codegen, out_val, array_val, 0, buf_len(field->name), true);
        return out_val->type;
    }

    if (!target->value.type->data.enumeration.generate_name_table) {
        target->value.type->data.enumeration.generate_name_table = true;
        ira->codegen->name_table_enums.append(target->value.type);
    }

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_tag_name(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
            instruction->base.source_node, target);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    TypeTableEntry *u8_ptr_type = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_u8, true);
    result->value.type = get_slice_type(ira->codegen, u8_ptr_type);
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_field_parent_ptr(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionFieldParentPtr *instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *type_value = instruction->type_value->other;
    TypeTableEntry *container_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, type_value);
    if (type_is_invalid(container_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *field_name_value = instruction->field_name->other;
    Buf *field_name = ir_resolve_str(ira, field_name_value);
    if (!field_name)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *field_ptr = instruction->field_ptr->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(field_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (container_type->id != TypeTableEntryIdStruct) {
        ir_add_error(ira, type_value,
                buf_sprintf("expected struct type, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&container_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    ensure_complete_type(ira->codegen, container_type);

    TypeStructField *field = find_struct_type_field(container_type, field_name);
    if (field == nullptr) {
        ir_add_error(ira, field_name_value,
                buf_sprintf("struct '%s' has no field '%s'",
                    buf_ptr(&container_type->name), buf_ptr(field_name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (field_ptr->value.type->id != TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
        ir_add_error(ira, field_ptr,
                buf_sprintf("expected pointer, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&field_ptr->value.type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    bool is_packed = (container_type->data.structure.layout == ContainerLayoutPacked);
    uint32_t field_ptr_align = is_packed ? 1 : get_abi_alignment(ira->codegen, field->type_entry);
    uint32_t parent_ptr_align = is_packed ? 1 : get_abi_alignment(ira->codegen, container_type);

    TypeTableEntry *field_ptr_type = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, field->type_entry,
            field_ptr->value.type->data.pointer.is_const,
            field_ptr->value.type->data.pointer.is_volatile,
            field_ptr_align, 0, 0);
    IrInstruction *casted_field_ptr = ir_implicit_cast(ira, field_ptr, field_ptr_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_field_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *result_type = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, container_type,
            casted_field_ptr->value.type->data.pointer.is_const,
            casted_field_ptr->value.type->data.pointer.is_volatile,
            parent_ptr_align, 0, 0);

    if (instr_is_comptime(casted_field_ptr)) {
        ConstExprValue *field_ptr_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_field_ptr, UndefBad);
        if (!field_ptr_val)
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        if (field_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.special != ConstPtrSpecialBaseStruct) {
            ir_add_error(ira, field_ptr, buf_sprintf("pointer value not based on parent struct"));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        size_t ptr_field_index = field_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_struct.field_index;
        if (ptr_field_index != field->src_index) {
            ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base,
                    buf_sprintf("field '%s' has index %" ZIG_PRI_usize " but pointer value is index %" ZIG_PRI_usize " of struct '%s'",
                        buf_ptr(field->name), field->src_index,
                        ptr_field_index, buf_ptr(&container_type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        out_val->data.x_ptr.special = ConstPtrSpecialRef;
        out_val->data.x_ptr.data.ref.pointee = field_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_struct.struct_val;
        out_val->data.x_ptr.mut = field_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.mut;

        return result_type;
    }

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_field_parent_ptr(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
            instruction->base.source_node, type_value, field_name_value, casted_field_ptr, field);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    return result_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_offset_of(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionOffsetOf *instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *type_value = instruction->type_value->other;
    TypeTableEntry *container_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, type_value);
    if (type_is_invalid(container_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    ensure_complete_type(ira->codegen, container_type);

    IrInstruction *field_name_value = instruction->field_name->other;
    Buf *field_name = ir_resolve_str(ira, field_name_value);
    if (!field_name)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (container_type->id != TypeTableEntryIdStruct) {
        ir_add_error(ira, type_value,
                buf_sprintf("expected struct type, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&container_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    TypeStructField *field = find_struct_type_field(container_type, field_name);
    if (field == nullptr) {
        ir_add_error(ira, field_name_value,
                buf_sprintf("struct '%s' has no field '%s'",
                    buf_ptr(&container_type->name), buf_ptr(field_name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (!type_has_bits(field->type_entry)) {
        ir_add_error(ira, field_name_value,
                     buf_sprintf("zero-bit field '%s' in struct '%s' has no offset",
                                 buf_ptr(field_name), buf_ptr(&container_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
    size_t byte_offset = LLVMOffsetOfElement(ira->codegen->target_data_ref, container_type->type_ref, field->gen_index);
    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    bigint_init_unsigned(&out_val->data.x_bigint, byte_offset);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_num_lit_int;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_type_id(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionTypeId *instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *type_value = instruction->type_value->other;
    TypeTableEntry *type_entry = ir_resolve_type(ira, type_value);
    if (type_is_invalid(type_entry))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    ConstExprValue *var_value = get_builtin_value(ira->codegen, "TypeId");
    assert(var_value->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMetaType);
    TypeTableEntry *result_type = var_value->data.x_type;

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    bigint_init_unsigned(&out_val->data.x_enum_tag, type_id_index(type_entry->id));
    return result_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_set_eval_branch_quota(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionSetEvalBranchQuota *instruction)
{
    if (ira->new_irb.exec->parent_exec != nullptr && !ira->new_irb.exec->is_generic_instantiation) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base,
                buf_sprintf("@setEvalBranchQuota must be called from the top of the comptime stack"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    uint64_t new_quota;
    if (!ir_resolve_usize(ira, instruction->new_quota->other, &new_quota))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (new_quota > ira->new_irb.exec->backward_branch_quota) {
        ira->new_irb.exec->backward_branch_quota = new_quota;
    }

    ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_type_name(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionTypeName *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *type_value = instruction->type_value->other;
    TypeTableEntry *type_entry = ir_resolve_type(ira, type_value);
    if (type_is_invalid(type_entry))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (!type_entry->cached_const_name_val) {
        type_entry->cached_const_name_val = create_const_str_lit(ira->codegen, &type_entry->name);
    }
    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    copy_const_val(out_val, type_entry->cached_const_name_val, true);
    return out_val->type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_c_import(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCImport *instruction) {
    AstNode *node = instruction->base.source_node;
    assert(node->type == NodeTypeFnCallExpr);
    AstNode *block_node = node->data.fn_call_expr.params.at(0);

    ScopeCImport *cimport_scope = create_cimport_scope(node, instruction->base.scope);

    // Execute the C import block like an inline function
    TypeTableEntry *void_type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    IrInstruction *result = ir_eval_const_value(ira->codegen, &cimport_scope->base, block_node, void_type,
        ira->new_irb.exec->backward_branch_count, ira->new_irb.exec->backward_branch_quota, nullptr,
        &cimport_scope->buf, block_node, nullptr, nullptr);
    if (type_is_invalid(result->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    find_libc_include_path(ira->codegen);

    ImportTableEntry *child_import = allocate<ImportTableEntry>(1);
    child_import->decls_scope = create_decls_scope(node, nullptr, nullptr, child_import);
    child_import->c_import_node = node;
    child_import->package = new_anonymous_package();
    child_import->package->package_table.put(buf_create_from_str("builtin"), ira->codegen->compile_var_package);
    child_import->package->package_table.put(buf_create_from_str("std"), ira->codegen->std_package);
    child_import->di_file = ZigLLVMCreateFile(ira->codegen->dbuilder,
        buf_ptr(buf_create_from_str("cimport.h")), buf_ptr(buf_create_from_str(".")));

    ZigList<ErrorMsg *> errors = {0};

    int err;
    if ((err = parse_h_buf(child_import, &errors, &cimport_scope->buf, ira->codegen, node))) {
        if (err != ErrorCCompileErrors) {
            ir_add_error_node(ira, node, buf_sprintf("C import failed: %s", err_str(err)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    }

    if (errors.length > 0) {
        ErrorMsg *parent_err_msg = ir_add_error_node(ira, node, buf_sprintf("C import failed"));
        for (size_t i = 0; i < errors.length; i += 1) {
            ErrorMsg *err_msg = errors.at(i);
            err_msg_add_note(parent_err_msg, err_msg);
        }

        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (ira->codegen->verbose_cimport) {
        fprintf(stderr, "\nC imports:\n");
        fprintf(stderr, "-----------\n");
        ast_render(ira->codegen, stderr, child_import->root, 4);
    }

    scan_decls(ira->codegen, child_import->decls_scope, child_import->root);

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    out_val->data.x_import = child_import;
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_namespace;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_c_include(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCInclude *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *name_value = instruction->name->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(name_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    Buf *include_name = ir_resolve_str(ira, name_value);
    if (!include_name)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    Buf *c_import_buf = exec_c_import_buf(ira->new_irb.exec);
    // We check for this error in pass1
    assert(c_import_buf);

    buf_appendf(c_import_buf, "#include <%s>\n", buf_ptr(include_name));

    ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_c_define(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCDefine *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *name = instruction->name->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(name->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    Buf *define_name = ir_resolve_str(ira, name);
    if (!define_name)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *value = instruction->value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    Buf *define_value = ir_resolve_str(ira, value);
    if (!define_value)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    Buf *c_import_buf = exec_c_import_buf(ira->new_irb.exec);
    // We check for this error in pass1
    assert(c_import_buf);

    buf_appendf(c_import_buf, "#define %s %s\n", buf_ptr(define_name), buf_ptr(define_value));

    ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_c_undef(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCUndef *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *name = instruction->name->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(name->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    Buf *undef_name = ir_resolve_str(ira, name);
    if (!undef_name)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    Buf *c_import_buf = exec_c_import_buf(ira->new_irb.exec);
    // We check for this error in pass1
    assert(c_import_buf);

    buf_appendf(c_import_buf, "#undef %s\n", buf_ptr(undef_name));

    ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_embed_file(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionEmbedFile *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *name = instruction->name->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(name->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    Buf *rel_file_path = ir_resolve_str(ira, name);
    if (!rel_file_path)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    ImportTableEntry *import = get_scope_import(instruction->base.scope);
    // figure out absolute path to resource
    Buf source_dir_path = BUF_INIT;
    os_path_dirname(import->path, &source_dir_path);

    Buf file_path = BUF_INIT;
    os_path_resolve(&source_dir_path, rel_file_path, &file_path);

    // load from file system into const expr
    Buf *file_contents = buf_alloc();
    int err;
    if ((err = os_fetch_file_path(&file_path, file_contents, false))) {
        if (err == ErrorFileNotFound) {
            ir_add_error(ira, instruction->name, buf_sprintf("unable to find '%s'", buf_ptr(&file_path)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        } else {
            ir_add_error(ira, instruction->name, buf_sprintf("unable to open '%s': %s", buf_ptr(&file_path), err_str(err)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    }

    // TODO add dependency on the file we embedded so that we know if it changes
    // we'll have to invalidate the cache

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    init_const_str_lit(ira->codegen, out_val, file_contents);

    return get_array_type(ira->codegen, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_u8, buf_len(file_contents));
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_cmpxchg(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCmpxchg *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *ptr = instruction->ptr->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *cmp_value = instruction->cmp_value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(cmp_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *new_value = instruction->new_value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(new_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *success_order_value = instruction->success_order_value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(success_order_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    AtomicOrder success_order;
    if (!ir_resolve_atomic_order(ira, success_order_value, &success_order))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *failure_order_value = instruction->failure_order_value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(failure_order_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    AtomicOrder failure_order;
    if (!ir_resolve_atomic_order(ira, failure_order_value, &failure_order))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (ptr->value.type->id != TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
        ir_add_error(ira, instruction->ptr,
            buf_sprintf("expected pointer argument, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&ptr->value.type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    TypeTableEntry *child_type = ptr->value.type->data.pointer.child_type;

    uint32_t align_bytes = ptr->value.type->data.pointer.alignment;
    uint64_t size_bytes = type_size(ira->codegen, child_type);
    if (align_bytes < size_bytes) {
        ir_add_error(ira, instruction->ptr,
            buf_sprintf("expected pointer alignment of at least %" ZIG_PRI_u64 ", found %" PRIu32,
                size_bytes, align_bytes));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    IrInstruction *casted_cmp_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, cmp_value, child_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_cmp_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *casted_new_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, new_value, child_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_new_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (success_order < AtomicOrderMonotonic) {
        ir_add_error(ira, success_order_value,
                buf_sprintf("success atomic ordering must be Monotonic or stricter"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
    if (failure_order < AtomicOrderMonotonic) {
        ir_add_error(ira, failure_order_value,
                buf_sprintf("failure atomic ordering must be Monotonic or stricter"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
    if (failure_order > success_order) {
        ir_add_error(ira, failure_order_value,
                buf_sprintf("failure atomic ordering must be no stricter than success"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
    if (failure_order == AtomicOrderRelease || failure_order == AtomicOrderAcqRel) {
        ir_add_error(ira, failure_order_value,
                buf_sprintf("failure atomic ordering must not be Release or AcqRel"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    ir_build_cmpxchg_from(&ira->new_irb, &instruction->base, ptr, casted_cmp_value, casted_new_value,
        success_order_value, failure_order_value, success_order, failure_order);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_fence(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionFence *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *order_value = instruction->order_value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(order_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    AtomicOrder order;
    if (!ir_resolve_atomic_order(ira, order_value, &order))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    ir_build_fence_from(&ira->new_irb, &instruction->base, order_value, order);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_truncate(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionTruncate *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *dest_type_value = instruction->dest_type->other;
    TypeTableEntry *dest_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, dest_type_value);
    if (type_is_invalid(dest_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (dest_type->id != TypeTableEntryIdInt &&
        dest_type->id != TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt)
    {
        ir_add_error(ira, dest_type_value, buf_sprintf("expected integer type, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&dest_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    IrInstruction *target = instruction->target->other;
    TypeTableEntry *src_type = target->value.type;
    if (type_is_invalid(src_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (src_type->id != TypeTableEntryIdInt &&
        src_type->id != TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt)
    {
        ir_add_error(ira, target, buf_sprintf("expected integer type, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&src_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (src_type->data.integral.is_signed != dest_type->data.integral.is_signed) {
        const char *sign_str = dest_type->data.integral.is_signed ? "signed" : "unsigned";
        ir_add_error(ira, target, buf_sprintf("expected %s integer type, found '%s'", sign_str, buf_ptr(&src_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    } else if (src_type->data.integral.bit_count < dest_type->data.integral.bit_count) {
        ir_add_error(ira, target, buf_sprintf("type '%s' has fewer bits than destination type '%s'",
                    buf_ptr(&src_type->name), buf_ptr(&dest_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (target->value.special == ConstValSpecialStatic) {
        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        bigint_truncate(&out_val->data.x_bigint, &target->value.data.x_bigint, dest_type->data.integral.bit_count,
                dest_type->data.integral.is_signed);
        return dest_type;
    }

    ir_build_truncate_from(&ira->new_irb, &instruction->base, dest_type_value, target);
    return dest_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_int_type(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionIntType *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *is_signed_value = instruction->is_signed->other;
    bool is_signed;
    if (!ir_resolve_bool(ira, is_signed_value, &is_signed))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *bit_count_value = instruction->bit_count->other;
    uint64_t bit_count;
    if (!ir_resolve_usize(ira, bit_count_value, &bit_count))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    out_val->data.x_type = get_int_type(ira->codegen, is_signed, (uint32_t)bit_count);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_bool_not(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionBoolNot *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *value = instruction->value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *bool_type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;

    IrInstruction *casted_value = ir_implicit_cast(ira, value, bool_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (casted_value->value.special != ConstValSpecialRuntime) {
        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        out_val->data.x_bool = !casted_value->value.data.x_bool;
        return bool_type;
    }

    ir_build_bool_not_from(&ira->new_irb, &instruction->base, casted_value);
    return bool_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_memset(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionMemset *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *dest_ptr = instruction->dest_ptr->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(dest_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *byte_value = instruction->byte->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(byte_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *count_value = instruction->count->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(count_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *dest_uncasted_type = dest_ptr->value.type;
    bool dest_is_volatile = (dest_uncasted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) &&
        dest_uncasted_type->data.pointer.is_volatile;

    TypeTableEntry *usize = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize;
    TypeTableEntry *u8 = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_u8;
    uint32_t dest_align = (dest_uncasted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) ?
        dest_uncasted_type->data.pointer.alignment : get_abi_alignment(ira->codegen, u8);
    TypeTableEntry *u8_ptr = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, u8, false, dest_is_volatile, dest_align, 0, 0);

    IrInstruction *casted_dest_ptr = ir_implicit_cast(ira, dest_ptr, u8_ptr);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_dest_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *casted_byte = ir_implicit_cast(ira, byte_value, u8);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_byte->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *casted_count = ir_implicit_cast(ira, count_value, usize);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_count->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (casted_dest_ptr->value.special == ConstValSpecialStatic &&
        casted_byte->value.special == ConstValSpecialStatic &&
        casted_count->value.special == ConstValSpecialStatic &&
        casted_dest_ptr->value.data.x_ptr.special != ConstPtrSpecialHardCodedAddr)
    {
        ConstExprValue *dest_ptr_val = &casted_dest_ptr->value;

        ConstExprValue *dest_elements;
        size_t start;
        size_t bound_end;
        switch (dest_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.special) {
            case ConstPtrSpecialInvalid:
            case ConstPtrSpecialDiscard:
                zig_unreachable();
            case ConstPtrSpecialRef:
                dest_elements = dest_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.ref.pointee;
                start = 0;
                bound_end = 1;
                break;
            case ConstPtrSpecialBaseArray:
                {
                    ConstExprValue *array_val = dest_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val;
                    expand_undef_array(ira->codegen, array_val);
                    dest_elements = array_val->data.x_array.s_none.elements;
                    start = dest_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.elem_index;
                    bound_end = array_val->type->data.array.len;
                    break;
                }
            case ConstPtrSpecialBaseStruct:
                zig_panic("TODO memset on const inner struct");
            case ConstPtrSpecialHardCodedAddr:
                zig_unreachable();
            case ConstPtrSpecialFunction:
                zig_panic("TODO memset on ptr cast from function");
        }

        size_t count = bigint_as_unsigned(&casted_count->value.data.x_bigint);
        size_t end = start + count;
        if (end > bound_end) {
            ir_add_error(ira, count_value, buf_sprintf("out of bounds pointer access"));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        ConstExprValue *byte_val = &casted_byte->value;
        for (size_t i = start; i < end; i += 1) {
            dest_elements[i] = *byte_val;
        }

        ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    }

    ir_build_memset_from(&ira->new_irb, &instruction->base, casted_dest_ptr, casted_byte, casted_count);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_memcpy(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionMemcpy *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *dest_ptr = instruction->dest_ptr->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(dest_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *src_ptr = instruction->src_ptr->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(src_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *count_value = instruction->count->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(count_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *u8 = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_u8;
    TypeTableEntry *dest_uncasted_type = dest_ptr->value.type;
    TypeTableEntry *src_uncasted_type = src_ptr->value.type;
    bool dest_is_volatile = (dest_uncasted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) &&
        dest_uncasted_type->data.pointer.is_volatile;
    bool src_is_volatile = (src_uncasted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) &&
        src_uncasted_type->data.pointer.is_volatile;
    uint32_t dest_align = (dest_uncasted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) ?
        dest_uncasted_type->data.pointer.alignment : get_abi_alignment(ira->codegen, u8);
    uint32_t src_align = (src_uncasted_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) ?
        src_uncasted_type->data.pointer.alignment : get_abi_alignment(ira->codegen, u8);

    TypeTableEntry *usize = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize;
    TypeTableEntry *u8_ptr_mut = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, u8, false, dest_is_volatile, dest_align, 0, 0);
    TypeTableEntry *u8_ptr_const = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, u8, true, src_is_volatile, src_align, 0, 0);

    IrInstruction *casted_dest_ptr = ir_implicit_cast(ira, dest_ptr, u8_ptr_mut);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_dest_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *casted_src_ptr = ir_implicit_cast(ira, src_ptr, u8_ptr_const);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_src_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *casted_count = ir_implicit_cast(ira, count_value, usize);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_count->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (casted_dest_ptr->value.special == ConstValSpecialStatic &&
        casted_src_ptr->value.special == ConstValSpecialStatic &&
        casted_count->value.special == ConstValSpecialStatic &&
        casted_dest_ptr->value.data.x_ptr.special != ConstPtrSpecialHardCodedAddr)
    {
        size_t count = bigint_as_unsigned(&casted_count->value.data.x_bigint);

        ConstExprValue *dest_ptr_val = &casted_dest_ptr->value;
        ConstExprValue *dest_elements;
        size_t dest_start;
        size_t dest_end;
        switch (dest_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.special) {
            case ConstPtrSpecialInvalid:
            case ConstPtrSpecialDiscard:
                zig_unreachable();
            case ConstPtrSpecialRef:
                dest_elements = dest_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.ref.pointee;
                dest_start = 0;
                dest_end = 1;
                break;
            case ConstPtrSpecialBaseArray:
                {
                    ConstExprValue *array_val = dest_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val;
                    expand_undef_array(ira->codegen, array_val);
                    dest_elements = array_val->data.x_array.s_none.elements;
                    dest_start = dest_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.elem_index;
                    dest_end = array_val->type->data.array.len;
                    break;
                }
            case ConstPtrSpecialBaseStruct:
                zig_panic("TODO memcpy on const inner struct");
            case ConstPtrSpecialHardCodedAddr:
                zig_unreachable();
            case ConstPtrSpecialFunction:
                zig_panic("TODO memcpy on ptr cast from function");
        }

        if (dest_start + count > dest_end) {
            ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("out of bounds pointer access"));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        ConstExprValue *src_ptr_val = &casted_src_ptr->value;
        ConstExprValue *src_elements;
        size_t src_start;
        size_t src_end;

        switch (src_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.special) {
            case ConstPtrSpecialInvalid:
            case ConstPtrSpecialDiscard:
                zig_unreachable();
            case ConstPtrSpecialRef:
                src_elements = src_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.ref.pointee;
                src_start = 0;
                src_end = 1;
                break;
            case ConstPtrSpecialBaseArray:
                {
                    ConstExprValue *array_val = src_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val;
                    expand_undef_array(ira->codegen, array_val);
                    src_elements = array_val->data.x_array.s_none.elements;
                    src_start = src_ptr_val->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.elem_index;
                    src_end = array_val->type->data.array.len;
                    break;
                }
            case ConstPtrSpecialBaseStruct:
                zig_panic("TODO memcpy on const inner struct");
            case ConstPtrSpecialHardCodedAddr:
                zig_unreachable();
            case ConstPtrSpecialFunction:
                zig_panic("TODO memcpy on ptr cast from function");
        }

        if (src_start + count > src_end) {
            ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("out of bounds pointer access"));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        // TODO check for noalias violations - this should be generalized to work for any function

        for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
            dest_elements[dest_start + i] = src_elements[src_start + i];
        }

        ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    }

    ir_build_memcpy_from(&ira->new_irb, &instruction->base, casted_dest_ptr, casted_src_ptr, casted_count);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_slice(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionSlice *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *ptr_ptr = instruction->ptr->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(ptr_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = ptr_ptr->value.type;
    assert(ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
    TypeTableEntry *array_type = ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type;

    IrInstruction *start = instruction->start->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(start->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *usize = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize;
    IrInstruction *casted_start = ir_implicit_cast(ira, start, usize);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_start->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *end;
    if (instruction->end) {
        end = instruction->end->other;
        if (type_is_invalid(end->value.type))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        end = ir_implicit_cast(ira, end, usize);
        if (type_is_invalid(end->value.type))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    } else {
        end = nullptr;
    }

    TypeTableEntry *return_type;

    if (array_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray) {
        uint32_t byte_alignment = ptr_type->data.pointer.alignment;
        if (array_type->data.array.len == 0 && byte_alignment == 0) {
            byte_alignment = get_abi_alignment(ira->codegen, array_type->data.array.child_type);
        }
        TypeTableEntry *slice_ptr_type = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, array_type->data.array.child_type,
            ptr_type->data.pointer.is_const, ptr_type->data.pointer.is_volatile,
            byte_alignment, 0, 0);
        return_type = get_slice_type(ira->codegen, slice_ptr_type);
    } else if (array_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
        TypeTableEntry *slice_ptr_type = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, array_type->data.pointer.child_type,
                array_type->data.pointer.is_const, array_type->data.pointer.is_volatile,
                array_type->data.pointer.alignment, 0, 0);
        return_type = get_slice_type(ira->codegen, slice_ptr_type);
        if (!end) {
            ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("slice of pointer must include end value"));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    } else if (is_slice(array_type)) {
        TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = array_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry;
        return_type = get_slice_type(ira->codegen, ptr_type);
    } else {
        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base,
            buf_sprintf("slice of non-array type '%s'", buf_ptr(&array_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (instr_is_comptime(ptr_ptr) &&
        value_is_comptime(&casted_start->value) &&
        (!end || value_is_comptime(&end->value)))
    {
        ConstExprValue *array_val;
        ConstExprValue *parent_ptr;
        size_t abs_offset;
        size_t rel_end;
        bool ptr_is_undef = false;
        if (array_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray) {
            array_val = const_ptr_pointee(ira->codegen, &ptr_ptr->value);
            abs_offset = 0;
            rel_end = array_type->data.array.len;
            parent_ptr = nullptr;
        } else if (array_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
            parent_ptr = const_ptr_pointee(ira->codegen, &ptr_ptr->value);
            if (parent_ptr->special == ConstValSpecialUndef) {
                array_val = nullptr;
                abs_offset = 0;
                rel_end = SIZE_MAX;
                ptr_is_undef = true;
            } else switch (parent_ptr->data.x_ptr.special) {
                case ConstPtrSpecialInvalid:
                case ConstPtrSpecialDiscard:
                    zig_unreachable();
                case ConstPtrSpecialRef:
                    array_val = nullptr;
                    abs_offset = SIZE_MAX;
                    rel_end = 1;
                    break;
                case ConstPtrSpecialBaseArray:
                    array_val = parent_ptr->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val;
                    abs_offset = parent_ptr->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.elem_index;
                    rel_end = array_val->type->data.array.len - abs_offset;
                    break;
                case ConstPtrSpecialBaseStruct:
                    zig_panic("TODO slice const inner struct");
                case ConstPtrSpecialHardCodedAddr:
                    array_val = nullptr;
                    abs_offset = 0;
                    rel_end = SIZE_MAX;
                    break;
                case ConstPtrSpecialFunction:
                    zig_panic("TODO slice of ptr cast from function");
            }
        } else if (is_slice(array_type)) {
            ConstExprValue *slice_ptr = const_ptr_pointee(ira->codegen, &ptr_ptr->value);
            parent_ptr = &slice_ptr->data.x_struct.fields[slice_ptr_index];
            ConstExprValue *len_val = &slice_ptr->data.x_struct.fields[slice_len_index];

            switch (parent_ptr->data.x_ptr.special) {
                case ConstPtrSpecialInvalid:
                case ConstPtrSpecialDiscard:
                    zig_unreachable();
                case ConstPtrSpecialRef:
                    array_val = nullptr;
                    abs_offset = SIZE_MAX;
                    rel_end = 1;
                    break;
                case ConstPtrSpecialBaseArray:
                    array_val = parent_ptr->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.array_val;
                    abs_offset = parent_ptr->data.x_ptr.data.base_array.elem_index;
                    rel_end = bigint_as_unsigned(&len_val->data.x_bigint);
                    break;
                case ConstPtrSpecialBaseStruct:
                    zig_panic("TODO slice const inner struct");
                case ConstPtrSpecialHardCodedAddr:
                    array_val = nullptr;
                    abs_offset = 0;
                    rel_end = bigint_as_unsigned(&len_val->data.x_bigint);
                    break;
                case ConstPtrSpecialFunction:
                    zig_panic("TODO slice of slice cast from function");
            }
        } else {
            zig_unreachable();
        }

        uint64_t start_scalar = bigint_as_unsigned(&casted_start->value.data.x_bigint);
        if (!ptr_is_undef && start_scalar > rel_end) {
            ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("out of bounds slice"));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        uint64_t end_scalar;
        if (end) {
            end_scalar = bigint_as_unsigned(&end->value.data.x_bigint);
        } else {
            end_scalar = rel_end;
        }
        if (!ptr_is_undef) {
            if (end_scalar > rel_end) {
                ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("out of bounds slice"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
            if (start_scalar > end_scalar) {
                ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("slice start is greater than end"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
        }
        if (ptr_is_undef && start_scalar != end_scalar) {
            ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("non-zero length slice of undefined pointer"));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        out_val->data.x_struct.fields = create_const_vals(2);

        ConstExprValue *ptr_val = &out_val->data.x_struct.fields[slice_ptr_index];

        if (array_val) {
            size_t index = abs_offset + start_scalar;
            bool is_const = slice_is_const(return_type);
            init_const_ptr_array(ira->codegen, ptr_val, array_val, index, is_const);
            if (array_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdArray) {
                ptr_val->data.x_ptr.mut = ptr_ptr->value.data.x_ptr.mut;
            } else if (is_slice(array_type)) {
                ptr_val->data.x_ptr.mut = parent_ptr->data.x_ptr.mut;
            } else if (array_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
                ptr_val->data.x_ptr.mut = parent_ptr->data.x_ptr.mut;
            }
        } else if (ptr_is_undef) {
            ptr_val->type = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, parent_ptr->type->data.pointer.child_type,
                    slice_is_const(return_type));
            ptr_val->special = ConstValSpecialUndef;
        } else switch (parent_ptr->data.x_ptr.special) {
            case ConstPtrSpecialInvalid:
            case ConstPtrSpecialDiscard:
                zig_unreachable();
            case ConstPtrSpecialRef:
                init_const_ptr_ref(ira->codegen, ptr_val,
                        parent_ptr->data.x_ptr.data.ref.pointee, slice_is_const(return_type));
                break;
            case ConstPtrSpecialBaseArray:
                zig_unreachable();
            case ConstPtrSpecialBaseStruct:
                zig_panic("TODO");
            case ConstPtrSpecialHardCodedAddr:
                init_const_ptr_hard_coded_addr(ira->codegen, ptr_val,
                    parent_ptr->type->data.pointer.child_type,
                    parent_ptr->data.x_ptr.data.hard_coded_addr.addr + start_scalar,
                    slice_is_const(return_type));
                break;
            case ConstPtrSpecialFunction:
                zig_panic("TODO");
        }

        ConstExprValue *len_val = &out_val->data.x_struct.fields[slice_len_index];
        init_const_usize(ira->codegen, len_val, end_scalar - start_scalar);

        return return_type;
    }

    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_slice_from(&ira->new_irb, &instruction->base, ptr_ptr,
            casted_start, end, instruction->safety_check_on);
    ir_add_alloca(ira, new_instruction, return_type);

    return return_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_member_count(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionMemberCount *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *container = instruction->container->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(container->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    TypeTableEntry *container_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, container);

    uint64_t result;
    if (type_is_invalid(container_type)) {
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    } else if (container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum) {
        result = container_type->data.enumeration.src_field_count;
    } else if (container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdStruct) {
        result = container_type->data.structure.src_field_count;
    } else if (container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion) {
        result = container_type->data.unionation.src_field_count;
    } else if (container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet) {
        if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, container_type, instruction->base.source_node)) {
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        if (type_is_global_error_set(container_type)) {
            ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("global error set member count not available at comptime"));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        result = container_type->data.error_set.err_count;
    } else {
        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("no value count available for type '%s'", buf_ptr(&container_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    bigint_init_unsigned(&out_val->data.x_bigint, result);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_num_lit_int;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_member_type(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionMemberType *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *container_type_value = instruction->container_type->other;
    TypeTableEntry *container_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, container_type_value);
    if (type_is_invalid(container_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    uint64_t member_index;
    IrInstruction *index_value = instruction->member_index->other;
    if (!ir_resolve_usize(ira, index_value, &member_index))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdStruct) {
        if (member_index >= container_type->data.structure.src_field_count) {
            ir_add_error(ira, index_value,
                buf_sprintf("member index %" ZIG_PRI_u64 " out of bounds; '%s' has %" PRIu32 " members",
                    member_index, buf_ptr(&container_type->name), container_type->data.structure.src_field_count));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        TypeStructField *field = &container_type->data.structure.fields[member_index];

        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        out_val->data.x_type = field->type_entry;
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
    } else if (container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion) {
        if (member_index >= container_type->data.unionation.src_field_count) {
            ir_add_error(ira, index_value,
                buf_sprintf("member index %" ZIG_PRI_u64 " out of bounds; '%s' has %" PRIu32 " members",
                    member_index, buf_ptr(&container_type->name), container_type->data.unionation.src_field_count));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        TypeUnionField *field = &container_type->data.unionation.fields[member_index];

        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        out_val->data.x_type = field->type_entry;
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
    } else {
        ir_add_error(ira, container_type_value,
            buf_sprintf("type '%s' does not support @memberType", buf_ptr(&container_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_member_name(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionMemberName *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *container_type_value = instruction->container_type->other;
    TypeTableEntry *container_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, container_type_value);
    if (type_is_invalid(container_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    uint64_t member_index;
    IrInstruction *index_value = instruction->member_index->other;
    if (!ir_resolve_usize(ira, index_value, &member_index))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdStruct) {
        if (member_index >= container_type->data.structure.src_field_count) {
            ir_add_error(ira, index_value,
                buf_sprintf("member index %" ZIG_PRI_u64 " out of bounds; '%s' has %" PRIu32 " members",
                    member_index, buf_ptr(&container_type->name), container_type->data.structure.src_field_count));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        TypeStructField *field = &container_type->data.structure.fields[member_index];

        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        init_const_str_lit(ira->codegen, out_val, field->name);
        return out_val->type;
    } else if (container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum) {
        if (member_index >= container_type->data.enumeration.src_field_count) {
            ir_add_error(ira, index_value,
                buf_sprintf("member index %" ZIG_PRI_u64 " out of bounds; '%s' has %" PRIu32 " members",
                    member_index, buf_ptr(&container_type->name), container_type->data.enumeration.src_field_count));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        TypeEnumField *field = &container_type->data.enumeration.fields[member_index];

        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        init_const_str_lit(ira->codegen, out_val, field->name);
        return out_val->type;
    } else if (container_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion) {
        if (member_index >= container_type->data.unionation.src_field_count) {
            ir_add_error(ira, index_value,
                buf_sprintf("member index %" ZIG_PRI_u64 " out of bounds; '%s' has %" PRIu32 " members",
                    member_index, buf_ptr(&container_type->name), container_type->data.unionation.src_field_count));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        TypeUnionField *field = &container_type->data.unionation.fields[member_index];

        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        init_const_str_lit(ira->codegen, out_val, field->name);
        return out_val->type;
    } else {
        ir_add_error(ira, container_type_value,
            buf_sprintf("type '%s' does not support @memberName", buf_ptr(&container_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_breakpoint(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionBreakpoint *instruction) {
    ir_build_breakpoint_from(&ira->new_irb, &instruction->base);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_return_address(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionReturnAddress *instruction) {
    ir_build_return_address_from(&ira->new_irb, &instruction->base);

    TypeTableEntry *u8 = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_u8;
    TypeTableEntry *u8_ptr_const = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, u8, true);
    return u8_ptr_const;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_frame_address(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionFrameAddress *instruction) {
    ir_build_frame_address_from(&ira->new_irb, &instruction->base);

    TypeTableEntry *u8 = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_u8;
    TypeTableEntry *u8_ptr_const = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, u8, true);
    return u8_ptr_const;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_align_of(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionAlignOf *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *type_value = instruction->type_value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(type_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    TypeTableEntry *type_entry = ir_resolve_type(ira, type_value);

    type_ensure_zero_bits_known(ira->codegen, type_entry);
    if (type_is_invalid(type_entry))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    switch (type_entry->id) {
        case TypeTableEntryIdInvalid:
            zig_unreachable();
        case TypeTableEntryIdMetaType:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNullLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNamespace:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBlock:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBoundFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple:
        case TypeTableEntryIdVoid:
        case TypeTableEntryIdOpaque:
            ir_add_error(ira, instruction->type_value,
                    buf_sprintf("no align available for type '%s'", buf_ptr(&type_entry->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        case TypeTableEntryIdBool:
        case TypeTableEntryIdInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPointer:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPromise:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArray:
        case TypeTableEntryIdStruct:
        case TypeTableEntryIdMaybe:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion:
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet:
        case TypeTableEntryIdEnum:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnion:
        case TypeTableEntryIdFn:
            {
                uint64_t align_in_bytes = get_abi_alignment(ira->codegen, type_entry);
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
                bigint_init_unsigned(&out_val->data.x_bigint, align_in_bytes);
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_num_lit_int;
            }
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_overflow_op(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionOverflowOp *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *type_value = instruction->type_value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(type_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *dest_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, type_value);
    if (type_is_invalid(dest_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (dest_type->id != TypeTableEntryIdInt) {
        ir_add_error(ira, type_value,
            buf_sprintf("expected integer type, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&dest_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    IrInstruction *op1 = instruction->op1->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(op1->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *casted_op1 = ir_implicit_cast(ira, op1, dest_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_op1->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *op2 = instruction->op2->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(op2->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *casted_op2;
    if (instruction->op == IrOverflowOpShl) {
        TypeTableEntry *shift_amt_type = get_smallest_unsigned_int_type(ira->codegen,
                dest_type->data.integral.bit_count - 1);
        casted_op2 = ir_implicit_cast(ira, op2, shift_amt_type);
    } else {
        casted_op2 = ir_implicit_cast(ira, op2, dest_type);
    }
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_op2->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *result_ptr = instruction->result_ptr->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(result_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *expected_ptr_type;
    if (result_ptr->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
        expected_ptr_type = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, dest_type,
                false, result_ptr->value.type->data.pointer.is_volatile,
                result_ptr->value.type->data.pointer.alignment, 0, 0);
    } else {
        expected_ptr_type = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, dest_type, false);
    }

    IrInstruction *casted_result_ptr = ir_implicit_cast(ira, result_ptr, expected_ptr_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_result_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (casted_op1->value.special == ConstValSpecialStatic &&
        casted_op2->value.special == ConstValSpecialStatic &&
        casted_result_ptr->value.special == ConstValSpecialStatic)
    {
        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        BigInt *op1_bigint = &casted_op1->value.data.x_bigint;
        BigInt *op2_bigint = &casted_op2->value.data.x_bigint;
        ConstExprValue *pointee_val = const_ptr_pointee(ira->codegen, &casted_result_ptr->value);
        BigInt *dest_bigint = &pointee_val->data.x_bigint;
        switch (instruction->op) {
            case IrOverflowOpAdd:
                bigint_add(dest_bigint, op1_bigint, op2_bigint);
                break;
            case IrOverflowOpSub:
                bigint_sub(dest_bigint, op1_bigint, op2_bigint);
                break;
            case IrOverflowOpMul:
                bigint_mul(dest_bigint, op1_bigint, op2_bigint);
                break;
            case IrOverflowOpShl:
                bigint_shl(dest_bigint, op1_bigint, op2_bigint);
                break;
        }
        if (!bigint_fits_in_bits(dest_bigint, dest_type->data.integral.bit_count,
            dest_type->data.integral.is_signed))
        {
            out_val->data.x_bool = true;
            BigInt tmp_bigint;
            bigint_init_bigint(&tmp_bigint, dest_bigint);
            bigint_truncate(dest_bigint, &tmp_bigint, dest_type->data.integral.bit_count,
                    dest_type->data.integral.is_signed);
        }
        pointee_val->special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
    }

    ir_build_overflow_op_from(&ira->new_irb, &instruction->base, instruction->op, type_value,
        casted_op1, casted_op2, casted_result_ptr, dest_type);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_test_err(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionTestErr *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *value = instruction->value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *type_entry = value->value.type;
    if (type_is_invalid(type_entry)) {
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    } else if (type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion) {
        if (instr_is_comptime(value)) {
            ConstExprValue *err_union_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, value, UndefBad);
            if (!err_union_val)
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            if (err_union_val->special != ConstValSpecialRuntime) {
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
                out_val->data.x_bool = (err_union_val->data.x_err_union.err != nullptr);
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
            }
        }

        TypeTableEntry *err_set_type = type_entry->data.error_union.err_set_type;
        if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, err_set_type, instruction->base.source_node)) {
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        if (!type_is_global_error_set(err_set_type) &&
            err_set_type->data.error_set.err_count == 0)
        {
            assert(err_set_type->data.error_set.infer_fn == nullptr);
            ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
            out_val->data.x_bool = false;
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
        }

        ir_build_test_err_from(&ira->new_irb, &instruction->base, value);
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
    } else if (type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet) {
        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        out_val->data.x_bool = true;
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
    } else {
        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        out_val->data.x_bool = false;
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
    }
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_unwrap_err_code(IrAnalyze *ira,
    IrInstructionUnwrapErrCode *instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *value = instruction->value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = value->value.type;

    // This will be a pointer type because unwrap err payload IR instruction operates on a pointer to a thing.
    assert(ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);

    TypeTableEntry *type_entry = ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type;
    if (type_is_invalid(type_entry)) {
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    } else if (type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion) {
        if (instr_is_comptime(value)) {
            ConstExprValue *ptr_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, value, UndefBad);
            if (!ptr_val)
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            ConstExprValue *err_union_val = const_ptr_pointee(ira->codegen, ptr_val);
            if (err_union_val->special != ConstValSpecialRuntime) {
                ErrorTableEntry *err = err_union_val->data.x_err_union.err;
                assert(err);

                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
                out_val->data.x_err_set = err;
                return type_entry->data.error_union.err_set_type;
            }
        }

        ir_build_unwrap_err_code_from(&ira->new_irb, &instruction->base, value);
        return type_entry->data.error_union.err_set_type;
    } else {
        ir_add_error(ira, value,
            buf_sprintf("expected error union type, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&type_entry->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_unwrap_err_payload(IrAnalyze *ira,
    IrInstructionUnwrapErrPayload *instruction)
{
    assert(instruction->value->other);
    IrInstruction *value = instruction->value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = value->value.type;

    // This will be a pointer type because unwrap err payload IR instruction operates on a pointer to a thing.
    assert(ptr_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);

    TypeTableEntry *type_entry = ptr_type->data.pointer.child_type;
    if (type_is_invalid(type_entry)) {
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    } else if (type_entry->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion) {
        TypeTableEntry *payload_type = type_entry->data.error_union.payload_type;
        TypeTableEntry *result_type = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, payload_type,
                ptr_type->data.pointer.is_const, ptr_type->data.pointer.is_volatile,
                get_abi_alignment(ira->codegen, payload_type), 0, 0);
        if (instr_is_comptime(value)) {
            ConstExprValue *ptr_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, value, UndefBad);
            if (!ptr_val)
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            ConstExprValue *err_union_val = const_ptr_pointee(ira->codegen, ptr_val);
            if (err_union_val->special != ConstValSpecialRuntime) {
                ErrorTableEntry *err = err_union_val->data.x_err_union.err;
                if (err != nullptr) {
                    ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base,
                        buf_sprintf("caught unexpected error '%s'", buf_ptr(&err->name)));
                    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
                }

                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
                out_val->data.x_ptr.special = ConstPtrSpecialRef;
                out_val->data.x_ptr.data.ref.pointee = err_union_val->data.x_err_union.payload;
                return result_type;
            }
        }

        ir_build_unwrap_err_payload_from(&ira->new_irb, &instruction->base, value, instruction->safety_check_on);
        return result_type;
    } else {
        ir_add_error(ira, value,
            buf_sprintf("expected error union type, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&type_entry->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_fn_proto(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionFnProto *instruction) {
    AstNode *proto_node = instruction->base.source_node;
    assert(proto_node->type == NodeTypeFnProto);

    if (proto_node->data.fn_proto.auto_err_set) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base,
            buf_sprintf("inferring error set of return type valid only for function definitions"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    FnTypeId fn_type_id = {0};
    init_fn_type_id(&fn_type_id, proto_node, proto_node->data.fn_proto.params.length);

    for (; fn_type_id.next_param_index < fn_type_id.param_count; fn_type_id.next_param_index += 1) {
        AstNode *param_node = proto_node->data.fn_proto.params.at(fn_type_id.next_param_index);
        assert(param_node->type == NodeTypeParamDecl);

        bool param_is_var_args = param_node->data.param_decl.is_var_args;
        if (param_is_var_args) {
            if (fn_type_id.cc == CallingConventionC) {
                fn_type_id.param_count = fn_type_id.next_param_index;
                continue;
            } else if (fn_type_id.cc == CallingConventionUnspecified) {
                ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
                out_val->data.x_type = get_generic_fn_type(ira->codegen, &fn_type_id);
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
            } else {
                zig_unreachable();
            }
        }
        FnTypeParamInfo *param_info = &fn_type_id.param_info[fn_type_id.next_param_index];
        param_info->is_noalias = param_node->data.param_decl.is_noalias;

        if (instruction->param_types[fn_type_id.next_param_index] == nullptr) {
            param_info->type = nullptr;
            ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
            out_val->data.x_type = get_generic_fn_type(ira->codegen, &fn_type_id);
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
        } else {
            IrInstruction *param_type_value = instruction->param_types[fn_type_id.next_param_index]->other;
            if (type_is_invalid(param_type_value->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            param_info->type = ir_resolve_type(ira, param_type_value);
            if (type_is_invalid(param_info->type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

    }

    if (instruction->align_value != nullptr) {
        if (!ir_resolve_align(ira, instruction->align_value->other, &fn_type_id.alignment))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (instruction->async_allocator_type_value != nullptr) {
        fn_type_id.async_allocator_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, instruction->async_allocator_type_value->other);
        if (type_is_invalid(fn_type_id.async_allocator_type))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    IrInstruction *return_type_value = instruction->return_type->other;
    fn_type_id.return_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, return_type_value);
    if (type_is_invalid(fn_type_id.return_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (fn_type_id.cc == CallingConventionAsync) {
        IrInstruction *async_allocator_type_value = instruction->async_allocator_type_value->other;
        fn_type_id.async_allocator_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, async_allocator_type_value);
        if (type_is_invalid(fn_type_id.async_allocator_type))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    out_val->data.x_type = get_fn_type(ira->codegen, &fn_type_id);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_test_comptime(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionTestComptime *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *value = instruction->value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    out_val->data.x_bool = instr_is_comptime(value);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_check_switch_prongs(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionCheckSwitchProngs *instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *target_value = instruction->target_value->other;
    TypeTableEntry *switch_type = target_value->value.type;
    if (type_is_invalid(switch_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (switch_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum) {
        HashMap<BigInt, AstNode *, bigint_hash, bigint_eql> field_prev_uses = {};
        field_prev_uses.init(switch_type->data.enumeration.src_field_count);

        for (size_t range_i = 0; range_i < instruction->range_count; range_i += 1) {
            IrInstructionCheckSwitchProngsRange *range = &instruction->ranges[range_i];

            IrInstruction *start_value = range->start->other;
            if (type_is_invalid(start_value->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            IrInstruction *end_value = range->end->other;
            if (type_is_invalid(end_value->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            assert(start_value->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum);
            BigInt start_index;
            bigint_init_bigint(&start_index, &start_value->value.data.x_enum_tag);

            assert(end_value->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum);
            BigInt end_index;
            bigint_init_bigint(&end_index, &end_value->value.data.x_enum_tag);

            BigInt field_index;
            bigint_init_bigint(&field_index, &start_index);
            for (;;) {
                Cmp cmp = bigint_cmp(&field_index, &end_index);
                if (cmp == CmpGT) {
                    break;
                }
                auto entry = field_prev_uses.put_unique(field_index, start_value->source_node);
                if (entry) {
                    AstNode *prev_node = entry->value;
                    TypeEnumField *enum_field = find_enum_field_by_tag(switch_type, &field_index);
                    assert(enum_field != nullptr);
                    ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, start_value,
                        buf_sprintf("duplicate switch value: '%s.%s'", buf_ptr(&switch_type->name),
                            buf_ptr(enum_field->name)));
                    add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, prev_node, buf_sprintf("other value is here"));
                }
                bigint_incr(&field_index);
            }
        }
        if (!instruction->have_else_prong) {
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < switch_type->data.enumeration.src_field_count; i += 1) {
                TypeEnumField *enum_field = &switch_type->data.enumeration.fields[i];

                auto entry = field_prev_uses.maybe_get(enum_field->value);
                if (!entry) {
                    ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base,
                        buf_sprintf("enumeration value '%s.%s' not handled in switch", buf_ptr(&switch_type->name),
                            buf_ptr(enum_field->name)));
                }
            }
        }
    } else if (switch_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet) {
        if (!resolve_inferred_error_set(ira, switch_type, target_value->source_node)) {
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        AstNode **field_prev_uses = allocate<AstNode *>(ira->codegen->errors_by_index.length);

        for (size_t range_i = 0; range_i < instruction->range_count; range_i += 1) {
            IrInstructionCheckSwitchProngsRange *range = &instruction->ranges[range_i];

            IrInstruction *start_value = range->start->other;
            if (type_is_invalid(start_value->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            IrInstruction *end_value = range->end->other;
            if (type_is_invalid(end_value->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            assert(start_value->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet);
            uint32_t start_index = start_value->value.data.x_err_set->value;

            assert(end_value->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet);
            uint32_t end_index = end_value->value.data.x_err_set->value;

            if (start_index != end_index) {
                ir_add_error(ira, end_value, buf_sprintf("ranges not allowed when switching on errors"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }

            AstNode *prev_node = field_prev_uses[start_index];
            if (prev_node != nullptr) {
                Buf *err_name = &ira->codegen->errors_by_index.at(start_index)->name;
                ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, start_value,
                    buf_sprintf("duplicate switch value: '%s.%s'", buf_ptr(&switch_type->name), buf_ptr(err_name)));
                add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, prev_node, buf_sprintf("other value is here"));
            }
            field_prev_uses[start_index] = start_value->source_node;
        }
        if (!instruction->have_else_prong) {
            if (type_is_global_error_set(switch_type)) {
                ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base,
                    buf_sprintf("else prong required when switching on type 'error'"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            } else {
                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < switch_type->data.error_set.err_count; i += 1) {
                    ErrorTableEntry *err_entry = switch_type->data.error_set.errors[i];

                    AstNode *prev_node = field_prev_uses[err_entry->value];
                    if (prev_node == nullptr) {
                        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base,
                            buf_sprintf("error.%s not handled in switch", buf_ptr(&err_entry->name)));
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        free(field_prev_uses);
    } else if (switch_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt) {
        RangeSet rs = {0};
        for (size_t range_i = 0; range_i < instruction->range_count; range_i += 1) {
            IrInstructionCheckSwitchProngsRange *range = &instruction->ranges[range_i];

            IrInstruction *start_value = range->start->other;
            if (type_is_invalid(start_value->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            IrInstruction *end_value = range->end->other;
            if (type_is_invalid(end_value->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            ConstExprValue *start_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, start_value, UndefBad);
            if (!start_val)
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            ConstExprValue *end_val = ir_resolve_const(ira, end_value, UndefBad);
            if (!end_val)
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            assert(start_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt || start_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt);
            assert(end_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt || end_val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt);
            AstNode *prev_node = rangeset_add_range(&rs, &start_val->data.x_bigint, &end_val->data.x_bigint,
                    start_value->source_node);
            if (prev_node != nullptr) {
                ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, start_value, buf_sprintf("duplicate switch value"));
                add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, prev_node, buf_sprintf("previous value is here"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
        }
        if (!instruction->have_else_prong) {
            BigInt min_val;
            eval_min_max_value_int(ira->codegen, switch_type, &min_val, false);
            BigInt max_val;
            eval_min_max_value_int(ira->codegen, switch_type, &max_val, true);
            if (!rangeset_spans(&rs, &min_val, &max_val)) {
                ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("switch must handle all possibilities"));
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
            }
        }
    } else if (!instruction->have_else_prong) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base,
            buf_sprintf("else prong required when switching on type '%s'", buf_ptr(&switch_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
    ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_check_statement_is_void(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionCheckStatementIsVoid *instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *statement_value = instruction->statement_value->other;
    TypeTableEntry *statement_type = statement_value->value.type;
    if (type_is_invalid(statement_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (statement_type->id != TypeTableEntryIdVoid) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("expression value is ignored"));
    }

    ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_can_implicit_cast(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionCanImplicitCast *instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *type_value = instruction->type_value->other;
    TypeTableEntry *type_entry = ir_resolve_type(ira, type_value);
    if (type_is_invalid(type_entry))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *target_value = instruction->target_value->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(target_value->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    ImplicitCastMatchResult result = ir_types_match_with_implicit_cast(ira, type_entry, target_value->value.type,
            target_value);

    if (result == ImplicitCastMatchResultReportedError) {
        zig_panic("TODO refactor implicit cast tester to return bool without reporting errors");
    }

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    out_val->data.x_bool = (result == ImplicitCastMatchResultYes);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_panic(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionPanic *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *msg = instruction->msg->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(msg->value.type))
        return ir_unreach_error(ira);

    if (ir_should_inline(ira->new_irb.exec, instruction->base.scope)) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("encountered @panic at compile-time"));
        return ir_unreach_error(ira);
    }

    TypeTableEntry *u8_ptr_type = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_u8, true);
    TypeTableEntry *str_type = get_slice_type(ira->codegen, u8_ptr_type);
    IrInstruction *casted_msg = ir_implicit_cast(ira, msg, str_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_msg->value.type))
        return ir_unreach_error(ira);

    IrInstruction *new_instruction = ir_build_panic(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
            instruction->base.source_node, casted_msg);
    ir_link_new_instruction(new_instruction, &instruction->base);
    return ir_finish_anal(ira, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable);
}

static IrInstruction *ir_align_cast(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *target, uint32_t align_bytes, bool safety_check_on) {
    TypeTableEntry *target_type = target->value.type;
    assert(!type_is_invalid(target_type));

    TypeTableEntry *result_type;
    uint32_t old_align_bytes;

    if (target_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer) {
        result_type = adjust_ptr_align(ira->codegen, target_type, align_bytes);
        old_align_bytes = target_type->data.pointer.alignment;
    } else if (target_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFn) {
        FnTypeId fn_type_id = target_type->data.fn.fn_type_id;
        old_align_bytes = fn_type_id.alignment;
        fn_type_id.alignment = align_bytes;
        result_type = get_fn_type(ira->codegen, &fn_type_id);
    } else if (target_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe &&
            target_type->data.maybe.child_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer)
    {
        TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = target_type->data.maybe.child_type;
        old_align_bytes = ptr_type->data.pointer.alignment;
        TypeTableEntry *better_ptr_type = adjust_ptr_align(ira->codegen, ptr_type, align_bytes);

        result_type = get_maybe_type(ira->codegen, better_ptr_type);
    } else if (target_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe &&
            target_type->data.maybe.child_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdFn)
    {
        FnTypeId fn_type_id = target_type->data.maybe.child_type->data.fn.fn_type_id;
        old_align_bytes = fn_type_id.alignment;
        fn_type_id.alignment = align_bytes;
        TypeTableEntry *fn_type = get_fn_type(ira->codegen, &fn_type_id);
        result_type = get_maybe_type(ira->codegen, fn_type);
    } else if (is_slice(target_type)) {
        TypeTableEntry *slice_ptr_type = target_type->data.structure.fields[slice_ptr_index].type_entry;
        old_align_bytes = slice_ptr_type->data.pointer.alignment;
        TypeTableEntry *result_ptr_type = adjust_ptr_align(ira->codegen, slice_ptr_type, align_bytes);
        result_type = get_slice_type(ira->codegen, result_ptr_type);
    } else {
        ir_add_error(ira, target,
                buf_sprintf("expected pointer or slice, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&target_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;
    }

    if (instr_is_comptime(target)) {
        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, target, UndefBad);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->invalid_instruction;

        IrInstruction *result = ir_create_const(&ira->new_irb, target->scope, target->source_node, result_type);
        copy_const_val(&result->value, val, false);
        result->value.type = result_type;
        return result;
    }

    IrInstruction *result;
    if (safety_check_on && align_bytes > old_align_bytes && align_bytes != 1) {
        result = ir_build_align_cast(&ira->new_irb, target->scope, target->source_node, nullptr, target);
    } else {
        result = ir_build_cast(&ira->new_irb, target->scope, target->source_node, result_type, target, CastOpNoop);
    }
    result->value.type = result_type;
    return result;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_ptr_cast(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionPtrCast *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *dest_type_value = instruction->dest_type->other;
    TypeTableEntry *dest_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, dest_type_value);
    if (type_is_invalid(dest_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *ptr = instruction->ptr->other;
    TypeTableEntry *src_type = ptr->value.type;
    if (type_is_invalid(src_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (get_codegen_ptr_type(src_type) == nullptr) {
        ir_add_error(ira, ptr, buf_sprintf("expected pointer, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&src_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (get_codegen_ptr_type(dest_type) == nullptr) {
        ir_add_error(ira, dest_type_value,
                buf_sprintf("expected pointer, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&dest_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (get_ptr_const(src_type) && !get_ptr_const(dest_type)) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("cast discards const qualifier"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (instr_is_comptime(ptr)) {
        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, ptr, UndefOk);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        copy_const_val(out_val, val, false);
        out_val->type = dest_type;
        return dest_type;
    }

    uint32_t src_align_bytes = get_ptr_align(src_type);
    uint32_t dest_align_bytes = get_ptr_align(dest_type);

    if (dest_align_bytes > src_align_bytes) {
        ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("cast increases pointer alignment"));
        add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, ptr->source_node,
                buf_sprintf("'%s' has alignment %" PRIu32, buf_ptr(&src_type->name), src_align_bytes));
        add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, dest_type_value->source_node,
                buf_sprintf("'%s' has alignment %" PRIu32, buf_ptr(&dest_type->name), dest_align_bytes));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    IrInstruction *casted_ptr = ir_build_ptr_cast(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
            instruction->base.source_node, nullptr, ptr);
    casted_ptr->value.type = dest_type;

    // keep the bigger alignment, it can only help
    IrInstruction *result;
    if (src_align_bytes > dest_align_bytes) {
        result = ir_align_cast(ira, casted_ptr, src_align_bytes, false);
        if (type_is_invalid(result->value.type))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    } else {
        result = casted_ptr;
    }
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    return result->value.type;
}

static void buf_write_value_bytes(CodeGen *codegen, uint8_t *buf, ConstExprValue *val) {
    assert(val->special == ConstValSpecialStatic);
    switch (val->type->id) {
        case TypeTableEntryIdInvalid:
        case TypeTableEntryIdMetaType:
        case TypeTableEntryIdOpaque:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBoundFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNamespace:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBlock:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNullLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPromise:
            zig_unreachable();
        case TypeTableEntryIdVoid:
            return;
        case TypeTableEntryIdBool:
            buf[0] = val->data.x_bool ? 1 : 0;
            return;
        case TypeTableEntryIdInt:
            bigint_write_twos_complement(&val->data.x_bigint, buf, val->type->data.integral.bit_count,
                    codegen->is_big_endian);
            return;
        case TypeTableEntryIdFloat:
            float_write_ieee597(val, buf, codegen->is_big_endian);
            return;
        case TypeTableEntryIdPointer:
            if (val->data.x_ptr.special == ConstPtrSpecialHardCodedAddr) {
                BigInt bn;
                bigint_init_unsigned(&bn, val->data.x_ptr.data.hard_coded_addr.addr);
                bigint_write_twos_complement(&bn, buf, codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize->data.integral.bit_count, codegen->is_big_endian);
                return;
            } else {
                zig_unreachable();
            }
        case TypeTableEntryIdArray:
            {
                size_t buf_i = 0;
                expand_undef_array(codegen, val);
                for (size_t elem_i = 0; elem_i < val->type->data.array.len; elem_i += 1) {
                    ConstExprValue *elem = &val->data.x_array.s_none.elements[elem_i];
                    buf_write_value_bytes(codegen, &buf[buf_i], elem);
                    buf_i += type_size(codegen, elem->type);
                }
            }
            return;
        case TypeTableEntryIdStruct:
            zig_panic("TODO buf_write_value_bytes struct type");
        case TypeTableEntryIdMaybe:
            zig_panic("TODO buf_write_value_bytes maybe type");
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion:
            zig_panic("TODO buf_write_value_bytes error union");
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet:
            zig_panic("TODO buf_write_value_bytes pure error type");
        case TypeTableEntryIdEnum:
            zig_panic("TODO buf_write_value_bytes enum type");
        case TypeTableEntryIdFn:
            zig_panic("TODO buf_write_value_bytes fn type");
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnion:
            zig_panic("TODO buf_write_value_bytes union type");
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static void buf_read_value_bytes(CodeGen *codegen, uint8_t *buf, ConstExprValue *val) {
    assert(val->special == ConstValSpecialStatic);
    switch (val->type->id) {
        case TypeTableEntryIdInvalid:
        case TypeTableEntryIdMetaType:
        case TypeTableEntryIdOpaque:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBoundFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNamespace:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBlock:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNullLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdPromise:
            zig_unreachable();
        case TypeTableEntryIdVoid:
            return;
        case TypeTableEntryIdBool:
            val->data.x_bool = (buf[0] != 0);
            return;
        case TypeTableEntryIdInt:
            bigint_read_twos_complement(&val->data.x_bigint, buf, val->type->data.integral.bit_count,
                    codegen->is_big_endian, val->type->data.integral.is_signed);
            return;
        case TypeTableEntryIdFloat:
            float_read_ieee597(val, buf, codegen->is_big_endian);
            return;
        case TypeTableEntryIdPointer:
            {
                val->data.x_ptr.special = ConstPtrSpecialHardCodedAddr;
                BigInt bn;
                bigint_read_twos_complement(&bn, buf, codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize->data.integral.bit_count,
                        codegen->is_big_endian, false);
                val->data.x_ptr.data.hard_coded_addr.addr = bigint_as_unsigned(&bn);
                return;
            }
        case TypeTableEntryIdArray:
            zig_panic("TODO buf_read_value_bytes array type");
        case TypeTableEntryIdStruct:
            zig_panic("TODO buf_read_value_bytes struct type");
        case TypeTableEntryIdMaybe:
            zig_panic("TODO buf_read_value_bytes maybe type");
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorUnion:
            zig_panic("TODO buf_read_value_bytes error union");
        case TypeTableEntryIdErrorSet:
            zig_panic("TODO buf_read_value_bytes pure error type");
        case TypeTableEntryIdEnum:
            zig_panic("TODO buf_read_value_bytes enum type");
        case TypeTableEntryIdFn:
            zig_panic("TODO buf_read_value_bytes fn type");
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnion:
            zig_panic("TODO buf_read_value_bytes union type");
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_bit_cast(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionBitCast *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *dest_type_value = instruction->dest_type->other;
    TypeTableEntry *dest_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, dest_type_value);
    if (type_is_invalid(dest_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *value = instruction->value->other;
    TypeTableEntry *src_type = value->value.type;
    if (type_is_invalid(src_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    ensure_complete_type(ira->codegen, dest_type);
    ensure_complete_type(ira->codegen, src_type);

    if (get_codegen_ptr_type(src_type) != nullptr) {
        ir_add_error(ira, value,
            buf_sprintf("unable to @bitCast from pointer type '%s'", buf_ptr(&src_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    switch (src_type->id) {
        case TypeTableEntryIdInvalid:
        case TypeTableEntryIdMetaType:
        case TypeTableEntryIdOpaque:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBoundFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNamespace:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBlock:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNullLit:
            ir_add_error(ira, dest_type_value,
                    buf_sprintf("unable to @bitCast from type '%s'", buf_ptr(&src_type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        default:
            break;
    }

    if (get_codegen_ptr_type(dest_type) != nullptr) {
        ir_add_error(ira, dest_type_value,
                buf_sprintf("unable to @bitCast to pointer type '%s'", buf_ptr(&dest_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    switch (dest_type->id) {
        case TypeTableEntryIdInvalid:
        case TypeTableEntryIdMetaType:
        case TypeTableEntryIdOpaque:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBoundFn:
        case TypeTableEntryIdArgTuple:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNamespace:
        case TypeTableEntryIdBlock:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitFloat:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNumLitInt:
        case TypeTableEntryIdUndefLit:
        case TypeTableEntryIdNullLit:
            ir_add_error(ira, dest_type_value,
                    buf_sprintf("unable to @bitCast to type '%s'", buf_ptr(&dest_type->name)));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        default:
            break;
    }

    uint64_t dest_size_bytes = type_size(ira->codegen, dest_type);
    uint64_t src_size_bytes = type_size(ira->codegen, src_type);
    if (dest_size_bytes != src_size_bytes) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base,
            buf_sprintf("destination type '%s' has size %" ZIG_PRI_u64 " but source type '%s' has size %" ZIG_PRI_u64,
                buf_ptr(&dest_type->name), dest_size_bytes,
                buf_ptr(&src_type->name), src_size_bytes));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (instr_is_comptime(value)) {
        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, value, UndefBad);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        out_val->type = dest_type;
        uint8_t *buf = allocate_nonzero<uint8_t>(src_size_bytes);
        buf_write_value_bytes(ira->codegen, buf, val);
        buf_read_value_bytes(ira->codegen, buf, out_val);
        return dest_type;
    }

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_bit_cast(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
            instruction->base.source_node, nullptr, value);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    result->value.type = dest_type;
    return dest_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_int_to_ptr(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionIntToPtr *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *dest_type_value = instruction->dest_type->other;
    TypeTableEntry *dest_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, dest_type_value);
    if (type_is_invalid(dest_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (get_codegen_ptr_type(dest_type) == nullptr) {
        ir_add_error(ira, dest_type_value, buf_sprintf("expected pointer, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&dest_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    type_ensure_zero_bits_known(ira->codegen, dest_type);
    if (!type_has_bits(dest_type)) {
        ir_add_error(ira, dest_type_value,
                buf_sprintf("type '%s' has 0 bits and cannot store information", buf_ptr(&dest_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    IrInstruction *target = instruction->target->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(target->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *casted_int = ir_implicit_cast(ira, target, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_int->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (instr_is_comptime(casted_int)) {
        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, casted_int, UndefBad);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        out_val->data.x_ptr.special = ConstPtrSpecialHardCodedAddr;
        out_val->data.x_ptr.data.hard_coded_addr.addr = bigint_as_unsigned(&val->data.x_bigint);
        return dest_type;
    }

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_int_to_ptr(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
            instruction->base.source_node, nullptr, casted_int);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    return dest_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_decl_ref(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionDeclRef *instruction)
{
    Tld *tld = instruction->tld;
    LVal lval = instruction->lval;

    resolve_top_level_decl(ira->codegen, tld, lval.is_ptr, instruction->base.source_node);
    if (tld->resolution == TldResolutionInvalid)
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    switch (tld->id) {
        case TldIdContainer:
        case TldIdCompTime:
            zig_unreachable();
        case TldIdVar:
        {
            TldVar *tld_var = (TldVar *)tld;
            VariableTableEntry *var = tld_var->var;

            IrInstruction *var_ptr = ir_get_var_ptr(ira, &instruction->base, var,
                    !lval.is_ptr || lval.is_const, lval.is_ptr && lval.is_volatile);
            if (type_is_invalid(var_ptr->value.type))
                return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

            if (tld_var->extern_lib_name != nullptr) {
                add_link_lib_symbol(ira, tld_var->extern_lib_name, &var->name, instruction->base.source_node);
            }

            if (lval.is_ptr) {
                ir_link_new_instruction(var_ptr, &instruction->base);
                return var_ptr->value.type;
            } else {
                IrInstruction *loaded_instr = ir_get_deref(ira, &instruction->base, var_ptr);
                ir_link_new_instruction(loaded_instr, &instruction->base);
                return loaded_instr->value.type;
            }
        }
        case TldIdFn:
        {
            TldFn *tld_fn = (TldFn *)tld;
            FnTableEntry *fn_entry = tld_fn->fn_entry;
            assert(fn_entry->type_entry);

            if (tld_fn->extern_lib_name != nullptr) {
                add_link_lib_symbol(ira, tld_fn->extern_lib_name, &fn_entry->symbol_name, instruction->base.source_node);
            }

            IrInstruction *ref_instruction = ir_create_const_fn(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
                    instruction->base.source_node, fn_entry);
            if (lval.is_ptr) {
                IrInstruction *ptr_instr = ir_get_ref(ira, &instruction->base, ref_instruction, true, false);
                ir_link_new_instruction(ptr_instr, &instruction->base);
                return ptr_instr->value.type;
            } else {
                ir_link_new_instruction(ref_instruction, &instruction->base);
                return ref_instruction->value.type;
            }
        }
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_ptr_to_int(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionPtrToInt *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *target = instruction->target->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(target->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *usize = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize;

    if (get_codegen_ptr_type(target->value.type) == nullptr) {
        ir_add_error(ira, target,
                buf_sprintf("expected pointer, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&target->value.type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (instr_is_comptime(target)) {
        ConstExprValue *val = ir_resolve_const(ira, target, UndefBad);
        if (!val)
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        if (target->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdMaybe) {
            val = val->data.x_maybe;
        }
        if (val->type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer && val->data.x_ptr.special == ConstPtrSpecialHardCodedAddr) {
            IrInstruction *result = ir_create_const(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
                    instruction->base.source_node, usize);
            bigint_init_unsigned(&result->value.data.x_bigint, val->data.x_ptr.data.hard_coded_addr.addr);
            ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
            return usize;
        }
    }

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_ptr_to_int(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
            instruction->base.source_node, target);
    result->value.type = usize;
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    return usize;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_ptr_type_of(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionPtrTypeOf *instruction) {
    TypeTableEntry *child_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, instruction->child_type->other);
    if (type_is_invalid(child_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    uint32_t align_bytes;
    if (instruction->align_value != nullptr) {
        if (!ir_resolve_align(ira, instruction->align_value->other, &align_bytes))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    } else {
        align_bytes = get_abi_alignment(ira->codegen, child_type);
    }

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    out_val->data.x_type = get_pointer_to_type_extra(ira->codegen, child_type,
            instruction->is_const, instruction->is_volatile, align_bytes,
            instruction->bit_offset_start, instruction->bit_offset_end - instruction->bit_offset_start);

    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_align_cast(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionAlignCast *instruction) {
    uint32_t align_bytes;
    IrInstruction *align_bytes_inst = instruction->align_bytes->other;
    if (!ir_resolve_align(ira, align_bytes_inst, &align_bytes))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *target = instruction->target->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(target->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *result = ir_align_cast(ira, target, align_bytes, true);
    if (type_is_invalid(result->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_opaque_type(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionOpaqueType *instruction) {
    Buf *name = get_anon_type_name(ira->codegen, ira->new_irb.exec, "opaque", instruction->base.source_node);
    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    out_val->data.x_type = get_opaque_type(ira->codegen, instruction->base.scope, instruction->base.source_node,
            buf_ptr(name));
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_set_align_stack(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionSetAlignStack *instruction) {
    uint32_t align_bytes;
    IrInstruction *align_bytes_inst = instruction->align_bytes->other;
    if (!ir_resolve_align(ira, align_bytes_inst, &align_bytes))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (align_bytes > 256) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("attempt to @setAlignStack(%" PRIu32 "); maximum is 256", align_bytes));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    FnTableEntry *fn_entry = exec_fn_entry(ira->new_irb.exec);
    if (fn_entry == nullptr) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("@setAlignStack outside function"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
    if (fn_entry->type_entry->data.fn.fn_type_id.cc == CallingConventionNaked) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("@setAlignStack in naked function"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (fn_entry->fn_inline == FnInlineAlways) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("@setAlignStack in inline function"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (fn_entry->set_alignstack_node != nullptr) {
        ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error_node(ira, instruction->base.source_node,
            buf_sprintf("alignstack set twice"));
        add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, fn_entry->set_alignstack_node, buf_sprintf("first set here"));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    fn_entry->set_alignstack_node = instruction->base.source_node;
    fn_entry->alignstack_value = align_bytes;

    ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_arg_type(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionArgType *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *fn_type_inst = instruction->fn_type->other;
    TypeTableEntry *fn_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, fn_type_inst);
    if (type_is_invalid(fn_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *arg_index_inst = instruction->arg_index->other;
    uint64_t arg_index;
    if (!ir_resolve_usize(ira, arg_index_inst, &arg_index))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (fn_type->id != TypeTableEntryIdFn) {
        ir_add_error(ira, fn_type_inst, buf_sprintf("expected function, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&fn_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    FnTypeId *fn_type_id = &fn_type->data.fn.fn_type_id;
    if (arg_index >= fn_type_id->param_count) {
        ir_add_error(ira, arg_index_inst,
                buf_sprintf("arg index %" ZIG_PRI_u64 " out of bounds; '%s' has %" ZIG_PRI_usize " arguments",
                    arg_index, buf_ptr(&fn_type->name), fn_type_id->param_count));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    out_val->data.x_type = fn_type_id->param_info[arg_index].type;
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_tag_type(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionTagType *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *target_inst = instruction->target->other;
    TypeTableEntry *enum_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, target_inst);
    if (type_is_invalid(enum_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (enum_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdEnum) {
        ensure_complete_type(ira->codegen, enum_type);
        if (type_is_invalid(enum_type))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        out_val->data.x_type = enum_type->data.enumeration.tag_int_type;
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
    } else if (enum_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnion) {
        ensure_complete_type(ira->codegen, enum_type);
        if (type_is_invalid(enum_type))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

        AstNode *decl_node = enum_type->data.unionation.decl_node;
        if (decl_node->data.container_decl.auto_enum || decl_node->data.container_decl.init_arg_expr != nullptr) {
            assert(enum_type->data.unionation.tag_type != nullptr);

            ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
            out_val->data.x_type = enum_type->data.unionation.tag_type;
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
        } else {
            ErrorMsg *msg = ir_add_error(ira, target_inst, buf_sprintf("union '%s' has no tag",
                buf_ptr(&enum_type->name)));
            add_error_note(ira->codegen, msg, decl_node, buf_sprintf("consider 'union(enum)' here"));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    } else {
        ir_add_error(ira, target_inst, buf_sprintf("expected enum or union, found '%s'",
            buf_ptr(&enum_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_cancel(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCancel *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *target_inst = instruction->target->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(target_inst->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    IrInstruction *casted_target = ir_implicit_cast(ira, target_inst, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_promise);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_target->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_cancel(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope, instruction->base.source_node, casted_target);
    result->value.type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    result->value.special = ConstValSpecialStatic;
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_coro_id(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCoroId *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *promise_ptr = instruction->promise_ptr->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(promise_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_coro_id(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope, instruction->base.source_node,
            promise_ptr);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    result->value.type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize;
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_coro_alloc(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCoroAlloc *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *coro_id = instruction->coro_id->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(coro_id->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_coro_alloc(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope, instruction->base.source_node,
            coro_id);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    result->value.type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_bool;
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_coro_size(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCoroSize *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_coro_size(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope, instruction->base.source_node);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    result->value.type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize;
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_coro_begin(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCoroBegin *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *coro_id = instruction->coro_id->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(coro_id->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *coro_mem_ptr = instruction->coro_mem_ptr->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(coro_mem_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    FnTableEntry *fn_entry = exec_fn_entry(ira->new_irb.exec);
    assert(fn_entry != nullptr);
    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_coro_begin(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope, instruction->base.source_node,
            coro_id, coro_mem_ptr);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    result->value.type = get_promise_type(ira->codegen, fn_entry->type_entry->data.fn.fn_type_id.return_type);
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_get_implicit_allocator(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionGetImplicitAllocator *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *result = ir_get_implicit_allocator(ira, &instruction->base, instruction->id);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_coro_alloc_fail(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCoroAllocFail *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *err_val = instruction->err_val->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(err_val->value.type))
        return ir_unreach_error(ira);

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_coro_alloc_fail(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope, instruction->base.source_node, err_val);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    result->value.type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable;
    return ir_finish_anal(ira, result->value.type);
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_coro_suspend(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCoroSuspend *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *save_point = nullptr;
    if (instruction->save_point != nullptr) {
        save_point = instruction->save_point->other;
        if (type_is_invalid(save_point->value.type))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    IrInstruction *is_final = instruction->is_final->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(is_final->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_coro_suspend(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
            instruction->base.source_node, save_point, is_final);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    result->value.type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_u8;
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_coro_end(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCoroEnd *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_coro_end(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
            instruction->base.source_node);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    result->value.type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_coro_free(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCoroFree *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *coro_id = instruction->coro_id->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(coro_id->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *coro_handle = instruction->coro_handle->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(coro_handle->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_coro_free(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
            instruction->base.source_node, coro_id, coro_handle);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_u8, false);
    result->value.type = get_maybe_type(ira->codegen, ptr_type);
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_coro_resume(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCoroResume *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *awaiter_handle = instruction->awaiter_handle->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(awaiter_handle->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *casted_target = ir_implicit_cast(ira, awaiter_handle, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_promise);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_target->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_coro_resume(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
            instruction->base.source_node, casted_target);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    result->value.type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_coro_save(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCoroSave *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *coro_handle = instruction->coro_handle->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(coro_handle->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_coro_save(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
            instruction->base.source_node, coro_handle);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    result->value.type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_usize;
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_coro_promise(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCoroPromise *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *coro_handle = instruction->coro_handle->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(coro_handle->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (coro_handle->value.type->id != TypeTableEntryIdPromise ||
        coro_handle->value.type->data.promise.result_type == nullptr)
    {
        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("expected promise->T, found '%s'",
                    buf_ptr(&coro_handle->value.type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    TypeTableEntry *coro_frame_type = get_promise_frame_type(ira->codegen,
            coro_handle->value.type->data.promise.result_type);

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_coro_promise(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
            instruction->base.source_node, coro_handle);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    result->value.type = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, coro_frame_type, false);
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_coro_alloc_helper(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionCoroAllocHelper *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *alloc_fn = instruction->alloc_fn->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(alloc_fn->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *coro_size = instruction->coro_size->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(coro_size->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_coro_alloc_helper(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
            instruction->base.source_node, alloc_fn, coro_size);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    TypeTableEntry *u8_ptr_type = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_u8, false);
    result->value.type = get_maybe_type(ira->codegen, u8_ptr_type);
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_atomic_rmw(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionAtomicRmw *instruction) {
    TypeTableEntry *operand_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, instruction->operand_type->other);
    if (type_is_invalid(operand_type)) {
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }
    if (operand_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInt) {
        if (operand_type->data.integral.bit_count < 8) {
            ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base,
                buf_sprintf("expected integer type 8 bits or larger, found %" PRIu32 "-bit integer type",
                    operand_type->data.integral.bit_count));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        if (operand_type->data.integral.bit_count > ira->codegen->pointer_size_bytes * 8) {
            ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base,
                buf_sprintf("expected integer type pointer size or smaller, found %" PRIu32 "-bit integer type",
                    operand_type->data.integral.bit_count));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
        if (!is_power_of_2(operand_type->data.integral.bit_count)) {
            ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base,
                buf_sprintf("%" PRIu32 "-bit integer type is not a power of 2", operand_type->data.integral.bit_count));
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    } else if (get_codegen_ptr_type(operand_type) == nullptr) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base,
            buf_sprintf("expected integer or pointer type, found '%s'", buf_ptr(&operand_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    IrInstruction *ptr_inst = instruction->ptr->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(ptr_inst->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    TypeTableEntry *ptr_type = get_pointer_to_type(ira->codegen, operand_type, false);
    IrInstruction *casted_ptr = ir_implicit_cast(ira, ptr_inst, ptr_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    AtomicRmwOp op;
    if (instruction->op == nullptr) {
        op = instruction->resolved_op;
    } else {
        if (!ir_resolve_atomic_rmw_op(ira, instruction->op->other, &op)) {
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }
    }

    IrInstruction *operand = instruction->operand->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(operand->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *casted_operand = ir_implicit_cast(ira, operand, operand_type);
    if (type_is_invalid(casted_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    AtomicOrder ordering;
    if (instruction->ordering == nullptr) {
        ordering = instruction->resolved_ordering;
    } else {
        if (!ir_resolve_atomic_order(ira, instruction->ordering->other, &ordering))
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    if (instr_is_comptime(casted_operand) && instr_is_comptime(casted_ptr) && casted_ptr->value.data.x_ptr.mut == ConstPtrMutComptimeVar)
    {
        zig_panic("TODO compile-time execution of atomicRmw");
    }

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_atomic_rmw(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
            instruction->base.source_node, nullptr, casted_ptr, nullptr, casted_operand, nullptr,
            op, ordering);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    result->value.type = operand_type;
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_promise_result_type(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionPromiseResultType *instruction) {
    TypeTableEntry *promise_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, instruction->promise_type->other);
    if (type_is_invalid(promise_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    if (promise_type->id != TypeTableEntryIdPromise || promise_type->data.promise.result_type == nullptr) {
        ir_add_error(ira, &instruction->base, buf_sprintf("expected promise->T, found '%s'",
                    buf_ptr(&promise_type->name)));
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    }

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    out_val->data.x_type = promise_type->data.promise.result_type;
    return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_await_bookkeeping(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionAwaitBookkeeping *instruction) {
    TypeTableEntry *promise_result_type = ir_resolve_type(ira, instruction->promise_result_type->other);
    if (type_is_invalid(promise_result_type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    FnTableEntry *fn_entry = exec_fn_entry(ira->new_irb.exec);
    assert(fn_entry != nullptr);

    if (type_can_fail(promise_result_type)) {
        fn_entry->calls_or_awaits_errorable_fn = true;
    }

    ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
    out_val->type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    return out_val->type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_merge_err_ret_traces(IrAnalyze *ira,
        IrInstructionMergeErrRetTraces *instruction)
{
    IrInstruction *coro_promise_ptr = instruction->coro_promise_ptr->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(coro_promise_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    assert(coro_promise_ptr->value.type->id == TypeTableEntryIdPointer);
    TypeTableEntry *promise_frame_type = coro_promise_ptr->value.type->data.pointer.child_type;
    assert(promise_frame_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdStruct);
    TypeTableEntry *promise_result_type = promise_frame_type->data.structure.fields[1].type_entry;

    if (!type_can_fail(promise_result_type)) {
        ConstExprValue *out_val = ir_build_const_from(ira, &instruction->base);
        out_val->type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
        return out_val->type;
    }

    IrInstruction *src_err_ret_trace_ptr = instruction->src_err_ret_trace_ptr->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(src_err_ret_trace_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *dest_err_ret_trace_ptr = instruction->dest_err_ret_trace_ptr->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(dest_err_ret_trace_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_merge_err_ret_traces(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
            instruction->base.source_node, coro_promise_ptr, src_err_ret_trace_ptr, dest_err_ret_trace_ptr);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    result->value.type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_save_err_ret_addr(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionSaveErrRetAddr *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_save_err_ret_addr(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
            instruction->base.source_node);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    result->value.type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_mark_err_ret_trace_ptr(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstructionMarkErrRetTracePtr *instruction) {
    IrInstruction *err_ret_trace_ptr = instruction->err_ret_trace_ptr->other;
    if (type_is_invalid(err_ret_trace_ptr->value.type))
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;

    IrInstruction *result = ir_build_mark_err_ret_trace_ptr(&ira->new_irb, instruction->base.scope,
            instruction->base.source_node, err_ret_trace_ptr);
    ir_link_new_instruction(result, &instruction->base);
    result->value.type = ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_void;
    return result->value.type;
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction_nocast(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *instruction) {
    switch (instruction->id) {
        case IrInstructionIdInvalid:
        case IrInstructionIdWidenOrShorten:
        case IrInstructionIdIntToEnum:
        case IrInstructionIdIntToErr:
        case IrInstructionIdErrToInt:
        case IrInstructionIdStructInit:
        case IrInstructionIdUnionInit:
        case IrInstructionIdStructFieldPtr:
        case IrInstructionIdUnionFieldPtr:
        case IrInstructionIdMaybeWrap:
        case IrInstructionIdErrWrapCode:
        case IrInstructionIdErrWrapPayload:
        case IrInstructionIdCast:
            zig_unreachable();

        case IrInstructionIdReturn:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_return(ira, (IrInstructionReturn *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdConst:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_const(ira, (IrInstructionConst *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdUnOp:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_un_op(ira, (IrInstructionUnOp *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdBinOp:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_bin_op(ira, (IrInstructionBinOp *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdDeclVar:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_decl_var(ira, (IrInstructionDeclVar *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdLoadPtr:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_load_ptr(ira, (IrInstructionLoadPtr *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdStorePtr:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_store_ptr(ira, (IrInstructionStorePtr *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdElemPtr:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_elem_ptr(ira, (IrInstructionElemPtr *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdVarPtr:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_var_ptr(ira, (IrInstructionVarPtr *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdFieldPtr:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_field_ptr(ira, (IrInstructionFieldPtr *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCall:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_call(ira, (IrInstructionCall *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdBr:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_br(ira, (IrInstructionBr *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCondBr:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_cond_br(ira, (IrInstructionCondBr *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdUnreachable:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_unreachable(ira, (IrInstructionUnreachable *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdPhi:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_phi(ira, (IrInstructionPhi *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdTypeOf:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_typeof(ira, (IrInstructionTypeOf *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdToPtrType:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_to_ptr_type(ira, (IrInstructionToPtrType *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdPtrTypeChild:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_ptr_type_child(ira, (IrInstructionPtrTypeChild *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdSetCold:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_set_cold(ira, (IrInstructionSetCold *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdSetRuntimeSafety:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_set_runtime_safety(ira, (IrInstructionSetRuntimeSafety *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdSetFloatMode:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_set_float_mode(ira, (IrInstructionSetFloatMode *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdSliceType:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_slice_type(ira, (IrInstructionSliceType *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdAsm:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_asm(ira, (IrInstructionAsm *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdArrayType:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_array_type(ira, (IrInstructionArrayType *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdPromiseType:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_promise_type(ira, (IrInstructionPromiseType *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdSizeOf:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_size_of(ira, (IrInstructionSizeOf *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdTestNonNull:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_test_non_null(ira, (IrInstructionTestNonNull *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdUnwrapMaybe:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_unwrap_maybe(ira, (IrInstructionUnwrapMaybe *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdClz:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_clz(ira, (IrInstructionClz *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCtz:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_ctz(ira, (IrInstructionCtz *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdSwitchBr:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_switch_br(ira, (IrInstructionSwitchBr *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdSwitchTarget:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_switch_target(ira, (IrInstructionSwitchTarget *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdSwitchVar:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_switch_var(ira, (IrInstructionSwitchVar *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdUnionTag:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_union_tag(ira, (IrInstructionUnionTag *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdImport:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_import(ira, (IrInstructionImport *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdArrayLen:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_array_len(ira, (IrInstructionArrayLen *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdRef:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_ref(ira, (IrInstructionRef *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdContainerInitList:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_container_init_list(ira, (IrInstructionContainerInitList *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdContainerInitFields:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_container_init_fields(ira, (IrInstructionContainerInitFields *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdMinValue:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_min_value(ira, (IrInstructionMinValue *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdMaxValue:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_max_value(ira, (IrInstructionMaxValue *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCompileErr:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_compile_err(ira, (IrInstructionCompileErr *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCompileLog:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_compile_log(ira, (IrInstructionCompileLog *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdErrName:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_err_name(ira, (IrInstructionErrName *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdTypeName:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_type_name(ira, (IrInstructionTypeName *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCImport:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_c_import(ira, (IrInstructionCImport *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCInclude:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_c_include(ira, (IrInstructionCInclude *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCDefine:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_c_define(ira, (IrInstructionCDefine *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCUndef:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_c_undef(ira, (IrInstructionCUndef *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdEmbedFile:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_embed_file(ira, (IrInstructionEmbedFile *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCmpxchg:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_cmpxchg(ira, (IrInstructionCmpxchg *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdFence:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_fence(ira, (IrInstructionFence *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdTruncate:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_truncate(ira, (IrInstructionTruncate *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdIntType:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_int_type(ira, (IrInstructionIntType *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdBoolNot:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_bool_not(ira, (IrInstructionBoolNot *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdMemset:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_memset(ira, (IrInstructionMemset *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdMemcpy:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_memcpy(ira, (IrInstructionMemcpy *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdSlice:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_slice(ira, (IrInstructionSlice *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdMemberCount:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_member_count(ira, (IrInstructionMemberCount *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdMemberType:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_member_type(ira, (IrInstructionMemberType *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdMemberName:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_member_name(ira, (IrInstructionMemberName *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdBreakpoint:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_breakpoint(ira, (IrInstructionBreakpoint *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdReturnAddress:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_return_address(ira, (IrInstructionReturnAddress *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdFrameAddress:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_frame_address(ira, (IrInstructionFrameAddress *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdAlignOf:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_align_of(ira, (IrInstructionAlignOf *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdOverflowOp:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_overflow_op(ira, (IrInstructionOverflowOp *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdTestErr:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_test_err(ira, (IrInstructionTestErr *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdUnwrapErrCode:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_unwrap_err_code(ira, (IrInstructionUnwrapErrCode *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdUnwrapErrPayload:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_unwrap_err_payload(ira, (IrInstructionUnwrapErrPayload *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdFnProto:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_fn_proto(ira, (IrInstructionFnProto *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdTestComptime:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_test_comptime(ira, (IrInstructionTestComptime *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCheckSwitchProngs:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_check_switch_prongs(ira, (IrInstructionCheckSwitchProngs *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCheckStatementIsVoid:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_check_statement_is_void(ira, (IrInstructionCheckStatementIsVoid *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCanImplicitCast:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_can_implicit_cast(ira, (IrInstructionCanImplicitCast *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdDeclRef:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_decl_ref(ira, (IrInstructionDeclRef *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdPanic:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_panic(ira, (IrInstructionPanic *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdPtrCast:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_ptr_cast(ira, (IrInstructionPtrCast *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdBitCast:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_bit_cast(ira, (IrInstructionBitCast *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdIntToPtr:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_int_to_ptr(ira, (IrInstructionIntToPtr *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdPtrToInt:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_ptr_to_int(ira, (IrInstructionPtrToInt *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdTagName:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_enum_tag_name(ira, (IrInstructionTagName *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdFieldParentPtr:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_field_parent_ptr(ira, (IrInstructionFieldParentPtr *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdOffsetOf:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_offset_of(ira, (IrInstructionOffsetOf *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdTypeId:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_type_id(ira, (IrInstructionTypeId *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdSetEvalBranchQuota:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_set_eval_branch_quota(ira, (IrInstructionSetEvalBranchQuota *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdPtrTypeOf:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_ptr_type_of(ira, (IrInstructionPtrTypeOf *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdAlignCast:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_align_cast(ira, (IrInstructionAlignCast *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdOpaqueType:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_opaque_type(ira, (IrInstructionOpaqueType *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdSetAlignStack:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_set_align_stack(ira, (IrInstructionSetAlignStack *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdArgType:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_arg_type(ira, (IrInstructionArgType *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdTagType:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_tag_type(ira, (IrInstructionTagType *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdExport:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_export(ira, (IrInstructionExport *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdErrorReturnTrace:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_error_return_trace(ira, (IrInstructionErrorReturnTrace *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdErrorUnion:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_error_union(ira, (IrInstructionErrorUnion *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCancel:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_cancel(ira, (IrInstructionCancel *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCoroId:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_coro_id(ira, (IrInstructionCoroId *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCoroAlloc:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_coro_alloc(ira, (IrInstructionCoroAlloc *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCoroSize:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_coro_size(ira, (IrInstructionCoroSize *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCoroBegin:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_coro_begin(ira, (IrInstructionCoroBegin *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdGetImplicitAllocator:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_get_implicit_allocator(ira, (IrInstructionGetImplicitAllocator *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCoroAllocFail:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_coro_alloc_fail(ira, (IrInstructionCoroAllocFail *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCoroSuspend:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_coro_suspend(ira, (IrInstructionCoroSuspend *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCoroEnd:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_coro_end(ira, (IrInstructionCoroEnd *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCoroFree:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_coro_free(ira, (IrInstructionCoroFree *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCoroResume:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_coro_resume(ira, (IrInstructionCoroResume *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCoroSave:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_coro_save(ira, (IrInstructionCoroSave *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCoroPromise:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_coro_promise(ira, (IrInstructionCoroPromise *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdCoroAllocHelper:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_coro_alloc_helper(ira, (IrInstructionCoroAllocHelper *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdAtomicRmw:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_atomic_rmw(ira, (IrInstructionAtomicRmw *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdPromiseResultType:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_promise_result_type(ira, (IrInstructionPromiseResultType *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdAwaitBookkeeping:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_await_bookkeeping(ira, (IrInstructionAwaitBookkeeping *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdSaveErrRetAddr:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_save_err_ret_addr(ira, (IrInstructionSaveErrRetAddr *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdAddImplicitReturnType:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_add_implicit_return_type(ira, (IrInstructionAddImplicitReturnType *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdMergeErrRetTraces:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_merge_err_ret_traces(ira, (IrInstructionMergeErrRetTraces *)instruction);
        case IrInstructionIdMarkErrRetTracePtr:
            return ir_analyze_instruction_mark_err_ret_trace_ptr(ira, (IrInstructionMarkErrRetTracePtr *)instruction);
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}

static TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze_instruction(IrAnalyze *ira, IrInstruction *instruction) {
    TypeTableEntry *instruction_type = ir_analyze_instruction_nocast(ira, instruction);
    instruction->value.type = instruction_type;
    if (instruction->other) {
        instruction->other->value.type = instruction_type;
    } else {
        assert(instruction_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdInvalid ||
               instruction_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable);
        instruction->other = instruction;
    }

    return instruction_type;
}

// This function attempts to evaluate IR code while doing type checking and other analysis.
// It emits a new IrExecutable which is partially evaluated IR code.
TypeTableEntry *ir_analyze(CodeGen *codegen, IrExecutable *old_exec, IrExecutable *new_exec,
        TypeTableEntry *expected_type, AstNode *expected_type_source_node)
{
    assert(!old_exec->invalid);
    assert(expected_type == nullptr || !type_is_invalid(expected_type));

    IrAnalyze *ira = allocate<IrAnalyze>(1);
    old_exec->analysis = ira;
    ira->codegen = codegen;

    FnTableEntry *fn_entry = exec_fn_entry(old_exec);
    bool is_async = fn_entry != nullptr && fn_entry->type_entry->data.fn.fn_type_id.cc == CallingConventionAsync;
    ira->explicit_return_type = is_async ? get_promise_type(codegen, expected_type) : expected_type;

    ira->old_irb.codegen = codegen;
    ira->old_irb.exec = old_exec;

    ira->new_irb.codegen = codegen;
    ira->new_irb.exec = new_exec;

    ira->exec_context.mem_slot_count = ira->old_irb.exec->mem_slot_count;
    ira->exec_context.mem_slot_list = create_const_vals(ira->exec_context.mem_slot_count);

    IrBasicBlock *old_entry_bb = ira->old_irb.exec->basic_block_list.at(0);
    IrBasicBlock *new_entry_bb = ir_get_new_bb(ira, old_entry_bb, nullptr);
    ir_ref_bb(new_entry_bb);
    ira->new_irb.current_basic_block = new_entry_bb;
    ira->old_bb_index = 0;

    ir_start_bb(ira, old_entry_bb, nullptr);

    while (ira->old_bb_index < ira->old_irb.exec->basic_block_list.length) {
        IrInstruction *old_instruction = ira->old_irb.current_basic_block->instruction_list.at(ira->instruction_index);

        if (old_instruction->ref_count == 0 && !ir_has_side_effects(old_instruction)) {
            ira->instruction_index += 1;
            continue;
        }

        TypeTableEntry *return_type = ir_analyze_instruction(ira, old_instruction);
        if (type_is_invalid(return_type) && ir_should_inline(new_exec, old_instruction->scope)) {
            return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
        }

        // unreachable instructions do their own control flow.
        if (return_type->id == TypeTableEntryIdUnreachable)
            continue;

        ira->instruction_index += 1;
    }

    if (new_exec->invalid) {
        return ira->codegen->builtin_types.entry_invalid;
    } else if (ira->src_implicit_return_type_list.length == 0) {
        return codegen->builtin_types.entry_unreachable;
    } else {
        return ir_resolve_peer_types(ira, expected_type_source_node, ira->src_implicit_return_type_list.items,
                ira->src_implicit_return_type_list.length);
    }
}

bool ir_has_side_effects(IrInstruction *instruction) {
    switch (instruction->id) {
        case IrInstructionIdInvalid:
            zig_unreachable();
        case IrInstructionIdBr:
        case IrInstructionIdCondBr:
        case IrInstructionIdSwitchBr:
        case IrInstructionIdDeclVar:
        case IrInstructionIdStorePtr:
        case IrInstructionIdCall:
        case IrInstructionIdReturn:
        case IrInstructionIdUnreachable:
        case IrInstructionIdSetCold:
        case IrInstructionIdSetRuntimeSafety:
        case IrInstructionIdSetFloatMode:
        case IrInstructionIdImport:
        case IrInstructionIdCompileErr:
        case IrInstructionIdCompileLog:
        case IrInstructionIdCImport:
        case IrInstructionIdCInclude:
        case IrInstructionIdCDefine:
        case IrInstructionIdCUndef:
        case IrInstructionIdCmpxchg:
        case IrInstructionIdFence:
        case IrInstructionIdMemset:
        case IrInstructionIdMemcpy:
        case IrInstructionIdBreakpoint:
        case IrInstructionIdOverflowOp: // TODO when we support multiple returns this can be side effect free
        case IrInstructionIdCheckSwitchProngs:
        case IrInstructionIdCheckStatementIsVoid:
        case IrInstructionIdPanic:
        case IrInstructionIdSetEvalBranchQuota:
        case IrInstructionIdPtrTypeOf:
        case IrInstructionIdSetAlignStack:
        case IrInstructionIdExport:
        case IrInstructionIdCancel:
        case IrInstructionIdCoroId:
        case IrInstructionIdCoroBegin:
        case IrInstructionIdCoroAllocFail:
        case IrInstructionIdCoroEnd:
        case IrInstructionIdCoroResume:
        case IrInstructionIdCoroSave:
        case IrInstructionIdCoroAllocHelper:
        case IrInstructionIdAwaitBookkeeping:
        case IrInstructionIdSaveErrRetAddr:
        case IrInstructionIdAddImplicitReturnType:
        case IrInstructionIdMergeErrRetTraces:
        case IrInstructionIdMarkErrRetTracePtr:
            return true;

        case IrInstructionIdPhi:
        case IrInstructionIdUnOp:
        case IrInstructionIdBinOp:
        case IrInstructionIdLoadPtr:
        case IrInstructionIdConst:
        case IrInstructionIdCast:
        case IrInstructionIdContainerInitList:
        case IrInstructionIdContainerInitFields:
        case IrInstructionIdStructInit:
        case IrInstructionIdUnionInit:
        case IrInstructionIdFieldPtr:
        case IrInstructionIdElemPtr:
        case IrInstructionIdVarPtr:
        case IrInstructionIdTypeOf:
        case IrInstructionIdToPtrType:
        case IrInstructionIdPtrTypeChild:
        case IrInstructionIdArrayLen:
        case IrInstructionIdStructFieldPtr:
        case IrInstructionIdUnionFieldPtr:
        case IrInstructionIdArrayType:
        case IrInstructionIdPromiseType:
        case IrInstructionIdSliceType:
        case IrInstructionIdSizeOf:
        case IrInstructionIdTestNonNull:
        case IrInstructionIdUnwrapMaybe:
        case IrInstructionIdClz:
        case IrInstructionIdCtz:
        case IrInstructionIdSwitchVar:
        case IrInstructionIdSwitchTarget:
        case IrInstructionIdUnionTag:
        case IrInstructionIdRef:
        case IrInstructionIdMinValue:
        case IrInstructionIdMaxValue:
        case IrInstructionIdEmbedFile:
        case IrInstructionIdTruncate:
        case IrInstructionIdIntType:
        case IrInstructionIdBoolNot:
        case IrInstructionIdSlice:
        case IrInstructionIdMemberCount:
        case IrInstructionIdMemberType:
        case IrInstructionIdMemberName:
        case IrInstructionIdAlignOf:
        case IrInstructionIdReturnAddress:
        case IrInstructionIdFrameAddress:
        case IrInstructionIdTestErr:
        case IrInstructionIdUnwrapErrCode:
        case IrInstructionIdMaybeWrap:
        case IrInstructionIdErrWrapCode:
        case IrInstructionIdErrWrapPayload:
        case IrInstructionIdFnProto:
        case IrInstructionIdTestComptime:
        case IrInstructionIdPtrCast:
        case IrInstructionIdBitCast:
        case IrInstructionIdWidenOrShorten:
        case IrInstructionIdPtrToInt:
        case IrInstructionIdIntToPtr:
        case IrInstructionIdIntToEnum:
        case IrInstructionIdIntToErr:
        case IrInstructionIdErrToInt:
        case IrInstructionIdCanImplicitCast:
        case IrInstructionIdDeclRef:
        case IrInstructionIdErrName:
        case IrInstructionIdTypeName:
        case IrInstructionIdTagName:
        case IrInstructionIdFieldParentPtr:
        case IrInstructionIdOffsetOf:
        case IrInstructionIdTypeId:
        case IrInstructionIdAlignCast:
        case IrInstructionIdOpaqueType:
        case IrInstructionIdArgType:
        case IrInstructionIdTagType:
        case IrInstructionIdErrorReturnTrace:
        case IrInstructionIdErrorUnion:
        case IrInstructionIdGetImplicitAllocator:
        case IrInstructionIdCoroAlloc:
        case IrInstructionIdCoroSize:
        case IrInstructionIdCoroSuspend:
        case IrInstructionIdCoroFree:
        case IrInstructionIdAtomicRmw:
        case IrInstructionIdCoroPromise:
        case IrInstructionIdPromiseResultType:
            return false;

        case IrInstructionIdAsm:
            {
                IrInstructionAsm *asm_instruction = (IrInstructionAsm *)instruction;
                return asm_instruction->has_side_effects;
            }
        case IrInstructionIdUnwrapErrPayload:
            {
                IrInstructionUnwrapErrPayload *unwrap_err_payload_instruction =
                    (IrInstructionUnwrapErrPayload *)instruction;
                return unwrap_err_payload_instruction->safety_check_on;
            }
    }
    zig_unreachable();
}