870 lines
32 KiB
OCaml
870 lines
32 KiB
OCaml
(***********************************************************************)
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(* *)
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(* Objective Caml *)
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(* *)
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(* Xavier Leroy, projet Cristal, INRIA Rocquencourt *)
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(* *)
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(* Copyright 1996 Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et *)
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(* en Automatique. All rights reserved. This file is distributed *)
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(* under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License, with *)
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(* the special exception on linking described in file ../LICENSE. *)
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(* *)
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(***********************************************************************)
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(* $Id$ *)
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(** The initially opened module.
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This module provides the basic operations over the built-in types
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(numbers, booleans, strings, exceptions, references, lists, arrays,
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input-output channels, ...)
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This module is automatically opened at the beginning of each compilation.
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All components of this module can therefore be referred by their short
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name, without prefixing them by [Pervasives].
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*)
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(** {6 Exceptions} *)
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external raise : exn -> 'a = "%raise"
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(** Raise the given exception value *)
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val invalid_arg : string -> 'a
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(** Raise exception [Invalid_argument] with the given string. *)
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val failwith : string -> 'a
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(** Raise exception [Failure] with the given string. *)
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exception Exit
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(** The [Exit] exception is not raised by any library function. It is
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provided for use in your programs.*)
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(** {6 Comparisons} *)
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external ( = ) : 'a -> 'a -> bool = "%equal"
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(** [e1 = e2] tests for structural equality of [e1] and [e2].
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Mutable structures (e.g. references and arrays) are equal
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if and only if their current contents are structurally equal,
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even if the two mutable objects are not the same physical object.
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Equality between functional values raises [Invalid_argument].
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Equality between cyclic data structures does not terminate. *)
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external ( <> ) : 'a -> 'a -> bool = "%notequal"
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(** Negation of {!Pervasives.(=)}. *)
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external ( < ) : 'a -> 'a -> bool = "%lessthan"
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(** See {!Pervasives.(>=)}. *)
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external ( > ) : 'a -> 'a -> bool = "%greaterthan"
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(** See {!Pervasives.(>=)}. *)
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external ( <= ) : 'a -> 'a -> bool = "%lessequal"
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(** See {!Pervasives.(>=)}. *)
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external ( >= ) : 'a -> 'a -> bool = "%greaterequal"
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(** Structural ordering functions. These functions coincide with
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the usual orderings over integers, characters, strings
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and floating-point numbers, and extend them to a
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total ordering over all types.
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The ordering is compatible with [(=)]. As in the case
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of [(=)], mutable structures are compared by contents.
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Comparison between functional values raises [Invalid_argument].
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Comparison between cyclic structures does not terminate. *)
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external compare : 'a -> 'a -> int = "%compare"
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(** [compare x y] returns [0] if [x] is equal to [y],
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a negative integer if [x] is less than [y], and a positive integer
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if [x] is greater than [y]. The ordering implemented by [compare]
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is compatible with the comparison predicates [=], [<] and [>]
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defined above, with one difference on the treatment of the float value
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{!Pervasives.nan}. Namely, the comparison predicates treat [nan]
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as different from any other float value, including itself;
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while [compare] treats [nan] as equal to itself and less than any
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other float value. This treatment of [nan] ensures that [compare]
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defines a total ordering relation.
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[compare] applied to functional values may raise [Invalid_argument].
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[compare] applied to cyclic structures may not terminate.
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The [compare] function can be used as the comparison function
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required by the {!Set.Make} and {!Map.Make} functors, as well as
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the {!List.sort} and {!Array.sort} functions. *)
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val min : 'a -> 'a -> 'a
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(** Return the smaller of the two arguments. *)
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val max : 'a -> 'a -> 'a
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(** Return the greater of the two arguments. *)
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external ( == ) : 'a -> 'a -> bool = "%eq"
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(** [e1 == e2] tests for physical equality of [e1] and [e2].
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On integers and characters, physical equality is identical to structural
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equality. On mutable structures, [e1 == e2] is true if and only if
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physical modification of [e1] also affects [e2].
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On non-mutable structures, the behavior of [(==)] is
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implementation-dependent; however, it is guaranteed that
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[e1 == e2] implies [compare e1 e2 = 0]. *)
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external ( != ) : 'a -> 'a -> bool = "%noteq"
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(** Negation of {!Pervasives.(==)}. *)
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(** {6 Boolean operations} *)
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external not : bool -> bool = "%boolnot"
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(** The boolean negation. *)
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external ( && ) : bool -> bool -> bool = "%sequand"
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(** The boolean ``and''. Evaluation is sequential, left-to-right:
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in [e1 && e2], [e1] is evaluated first, and if it returns [false],
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[e2] is not evaluated at all. *)
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external ( & ) : bool -> bool -> bool = "%sequand"
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(** @deprecated {!Pervasives.(&&)} should be used instead. *)
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external ( || ) : bool -> bool -> bool = "%sequor"
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(** The boolean ``or''. Evaluation is sequential, left-to-right:
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in [e1 || e2], [e1] is evaluated first, and if it returns [true],
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[e2] is not evaluated at all. *)
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external ( or ) : bool -> bool -> bool = "%sequor"
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(** @deprecated {!Pervasives.(||)} should be used instead.*)
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(** {6 Integer arithmetic} *)
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(** Integers are 31 bits wide (or 63 bits on 64-bit processors).
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All operations are taken modulo 2{^31} (or 2{^63}).
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They do not fail on overflow. *)
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external ( ~- ) : int -> int = "%negint"
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(** Unary negation. You can also write [-e] instead of [~-e]. *)
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external succ : int -> int = "%succint"
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(** [succ x] is [x+1]. *)
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external pred : int -> int = "%predint"
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(** [pred x] is [x-1]. *)
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external ( + ) : int -> int -> int = "%addint"
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(** Integer addition. *)
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external ( - ) : int -> int -> int = "%subint"
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(** Integer subtraction. *)
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external ( * ) : int -> int -> int = "%mulint"
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(** Integer multiplication. *)
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external ( / ) : int -> int -> int = "%divint"
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(** Integer division.
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Raise [Division_by_zero] if the second argument is 0.
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Integer division rounds the real quotient of its arguments towards zero.
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More precisely, if [x >= 0] and [y > 0], [x / y] is the greatest integer
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less than or equal to the real quotient of [x] by [y]. Moreover,
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[(-x) / y = x / (-y) = -(x / y)]. *)
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external ( mod ) : int -> int -> int = "%modint"
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(** Integer remainder. If [y] is not zero, the result
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of [x mod y] satisfies the following properties:
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[x = (x / y) * y + x mod y] and
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[abs(x mod y) <= abs(y)-1].
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If [y = 0], [x mod y] raises [Division_by_zero].
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Notice that [x mod y] is negative if and only if [x < 0]. *)
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val abs : int -> int
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(** Return the absolute value of the argument. *)
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val max_int : int
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(** The greatest representable integer. *)
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val min_int : int
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(** The smallest representable integer. *)
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(** {7 Bitwise operations} *)
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external ( land ) : int -> int -> int = "%andint"
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(** Bitwise logical and. *)
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external ( lor ) : int -> int -> int = "%orint"
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(** Bitwise logical or. *)
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external ( lxor ) : int -> int -> int = "%xorint"
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(** Bitwise logical exclusive or. *)
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val lnot : int -> int
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(** Bitwise logical negation. *)
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external ( lsl ) : int -> int -> int = "%lslint"
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(** [n lsl m] shifts [n] to the left by [m] bits.
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The result is unspecified if [m < 0] or [m >= bitsize],
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where [bitsize] is [32] on a 32-bit platform and
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[64] on a 64-bit platform. *)
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external ( lsr ) : int -> int -> int = "%lsrint"
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(** [n lsr m] shifts [n] to the right by [m] bits.
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This is a logical shift: zeroes are inserted regardless of
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the sign of [n].
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The result is unspecified if [m < 0] or [m >= bitsize]. *)
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external ( asr ) : int -> int -> int = "%asrint"
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(** [n asr m] shifts [n] to the right by [m] bits.
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This is an arithmetic shift: the sign bit of [n] is replicated.
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The result is unspecified if [m < 0] or [m >= bitsize]. *)
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(** {6 Floating-point arithmetic}
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Caml's floating-point numbers follow the
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IEEE 754 standard, using double precision (64 bits) numbers.
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Floating-point operations never raise an exception on overflow,
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underflow, division by zero, etc. Instead, special IEEE numbers
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are returned as appropriate, such as [infinity] for [1.0 /. 0.0],
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[neg_infinity] for [-1.0 /. 0.0], and [nan] (``not a number'')
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for [0.0 /. 0.0]. These special numbers then propagate through
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floating-point computations as expected: for instance,
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[1.0 /. infinity] is [0.0], and any operation with [nan] as
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argument returns [nan] as result.
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*)
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external ( ~-. ) : float -> float = "%negfloat"
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(** Unary negation. You can also write [-.e] instead of [~-.e]. *)
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external ( +. ) : float -> float -> float = "%addfloat"
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(** Floating-point addition *)
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external ( -. ) : float -> float -> float = "%subfloat"
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(** Floating-point subtraction *)
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external ( *. ) : float -> float -> float = "%mulfloat"
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(** Floating-point multiplication *)
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external ( /. ) : float -> float -> float = "%divfloat"
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(** Floating-point division. *)
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external ( ** ) : float -> float -> float = "caml_power_float" "pow" "float"
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(** Exponentiation *)
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external sqrt : float -> float = "caml_sqrt_float" "sqrt" "float"
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(** Square root *)
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external exp : float -> float = "caml_exp_float" "exp" "float"
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(** Exponential. *)
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external log : float -> float = "caml_log_float" "log" "float"
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(** Natural logarithm. *)
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external log10 : float -> float = "caml_log10_float" "log10" "float"
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(** Base 10 logarithm. *)
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external cos : float -> float = "caml_cos_float" "cos" "float"
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(** See {!Pervasives.atan2}. *)
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external sin : float -> float = "caml_sin_float" "sin" "float"
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(** See {!Pervasives.atan2}. *)
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external tan : float -> float = "caml_tan_float" "tan" "float"
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(** See {!Pervasives.atan2}. *)
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external acos : float -> float = "caml_acos_float" "acos" "float"
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(** See {!Pervasives.atan2}. *)
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external asin : float -> float = "caml_asin_float" "asin" "float"
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(** See {!Pervasives.atan2}. *)
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external atan : float -> float = "caml_atan_float" "atan" "float"
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(** See {!Pervasives.atan2}. *)
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external atan2 : float -> float -> float = "caml_atan2_float" "atan2" "float"
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(** The usual trigonometric functions. *)
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external cosh : float -> float = "caml_cosh_float" "cosh" "float"
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(** See {!Pervasives.tanh}. *)
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external sinh : float -> float = "caml_sinh_float" "sinh" "float"
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(** See {!Pervasives.tanh}. *)
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external tanh : float -> float = "caml_tanh_float" "tanh" "float"
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(** The usual hyperbolic trigonometric functions. *)
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external ceil : float -> float = "caml_ceil_float" "ceil" "float"
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(** See {!Pervasives.floor}. *)
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external floor : float -> float = "caml_floor_float" "floor" "float"
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(** Round the given float to an integer value.
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[floor f] returns the greatest integer value less than or
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equal to [f].
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[ceil f] returns the least integer value greater than or
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equal to [f]. *)
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external abs_float : float -> float = "%absfloat"
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(** Return the absolute value of the argument. *)
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external mod_float : float -> float -> float = "caml_fmod_float" "fmod" "float"
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(** [mod_float a b] returns the remainder of [a] with respect to
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[b]. The returned value is [a -. n *. b], where [n]
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is the quotient [a /. b] rounded towards zero to an integer. *)
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external frexp : float -> float * int = "caml_frexp_float"
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(** [frexp f] returns the pair of the significant
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and the exponent of [f]. When [f] is zero, the
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significant [x] and the exponent [n] of [f] are equal to
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zero. When [f] is non-zero, they are defined by
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[f = x *. 2 ** n] and [0.5 <= x < 1.0]. *)
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external ldexp : float -> int -> float = "caml_ldexp_float"
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(** [ldexp x n] returns [x *. 2 ** n]. *)
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external modf : float -> float * float = "caml_modf_float"
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(** [modf f] returns the pair of the fractional and integral
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part of [f]. *)
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external float : int -> float = "%floatofint"
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(** Same as {!Pervasives.float_of_int}. *)
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external float_of_int : int -> float = "%floatofint"
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(** Convert an integer to floating-point. *)
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external truncate : float -> int = "%intoffloat"
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(** Same as {!Pervasives.int_of_float}. *)
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external int_of_float : float -> int = "%intoffloat"
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(** Truncate the given floating-point number to an integer.
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The result is unspecified if it falls outside the
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range of representable integers. *)
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val infinity : float
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(** Positive infinity. *)
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val neg_infinity : float
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(** Negative infinity. *)
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val nan : float
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(** A special floating-point value denoting the result of an
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undefined operation such as [0.0 /. 0.0]. Stands for
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``not a number''. Any floating-point operation with [nan] as
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argument returns [nan] as result. As for floating-point comparisons,
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[=], [<], [<=], [>] and [>=] return [false] and [<>] returns [true]
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if one or both of their arguments is [nan]. *)
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val max_float : float
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(** The largest positive finite value of type [float]. *)
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val min_float : float
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(** The smallest positive, non-zero, non-denormalized value of type [float]. *)
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val epsilon_float : float
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(** The smallest positive float [x] such that [1.0 +. x <> 1.0]. *)
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type fpclass =
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FP_normal (** Normal number, none of the below *)
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| FP_subnormal (** Number very close to 0.0, has reduced precision *)
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| FP_zero (** Number is 0.0 or -0.0 *)
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| FP_infinite (** Number is positive or negative infinity *)
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| FP_nan (** Not a number: result of an undefined operation *)
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(** The five classes of floating-point numbers, as determined by
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the {!Pervasives.classify_float} function. *)
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external classify_float : float -> fpclass = "caml_classify_float"
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(** Return the class of the given floating-point number:
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normal, subnormal, zero, infinite, or not a number. *)
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(** {6 String operations}
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More string operations are provided in module {!String}.
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*)
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val ( ^ ) : string -> string -> string
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(** String concatenation. *)
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(** {6 Character operations}
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More character operations are provided in module {!Char}.
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*)
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external int_of_char : char -> int = "%identity"
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(** Return the ASCII code of the argument. *)
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val char_of_int : int -> char
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(** Return the character with the given ASCII code.
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Raise [Invalid_argument "char_of_int"] if the argument is
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outside the range 0--255. *)
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(** {6 Unit operations} *)
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external ignore : 'a -> unit = "%ignore"
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(** Discard the value of its argument and return [()].
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For instance, [ignore(f x)] discards the result of
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the side-effecting function [f]. It is equivalent to
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[f x; ()], except that the latter may generate a
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compiler warning; writing [ignore(f x)] instead
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avoids the warning. *)
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(** {6 String conversion functions} *)
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val string_of_bool : bool -> string
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(** Return the string representation of a boolean. *)
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val bool_of_string : string -> bool
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(** Convert the given string to a boolean.
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Raise [Invalid_argument "bool_of_string"] if the string is not
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["true"] or ["false"]. *)
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val string_of_int : int -> string
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(** Return the string representation of an integer, in decimal. *)
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external int_of_string : string -> int = "caml_int_of_string"
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(** Convert the given string to an integer.
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The string is read in decimal (by default) or in hexadecimal (if it
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begins with [0x] or [0X]), octal (if it begins with [0o] or [0O]),
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or binary (if it begins with [0b] or [0B]).
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Raise [Failure "int_of_string"] if the given string is not
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a valid representation of an integer, or if the integer represented
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exceeds the range of integers representable in type [int]. *)
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val string_of_float : float -> string
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(** Return the string representation of a floating-point number. *)
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external float_of_string : string -> float = "caml_float_of_string"
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(** Convert the given string to a float. Raise [Failure "float_of_string"]
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if the given string is not a valid representation of a float. *)
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(** {6 Pair operations} *)
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external fst : 'a * 'b -> 'a = "%field0"
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(** Return the first component of a pair. *)
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external snd : 'a * 'b -> 'b = "%field1"
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(** Return the second component of a pair. *)
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(** {6 List operations}
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More list operations are provided in module {!List}.
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*)
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val ( @ ) : 'a list -> 'a list -> 'a list
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(** List concatenation. *)
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(** {6 Input/output} *)
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type in_channel
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(** The type of input channel. *)
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type out_channel
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(** The type of output channel. *)
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val stdin : in_channel
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(** The standard input for the process. *)
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val stdout : out_channel
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(** The standard output for the process. *)
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val stderr : out_channel
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(** The standard error ouput for the process. *)
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(** {7 Output functions on standard output} *)
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val print_char : char -> unit
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(** Print a character on standard output. *)
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val print_string : string -> unit
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(** Print a string on standard output. *)
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val print_int : int -> unit
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(** Print an integer, in decimal, on standard output. *)
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val print_float : float -> unit
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(** Print a floating-point number, in decimal, on standard output. *)
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val print_endline : string -> unit
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(** Print a string, followed by a newline character, on
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standard output and flush standard output. *)
|
|
|
|
val print_newline : unit -> unit
|
|
(** Print a newline character on standard output, and flush
|
|
standard output. This can be used to simulate line
|
|
buffering of standard output. *)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(** {7 Output functions on standard error} *)
|
|
|
|
val prerr_char : char -> unit
|
|
(** Print a character on standard error. *)
|
|
|
|
val prerr_string : string -> unit
|
|
(** Print a string on standard error. *)
|
|
|
|
val prerr_int : int -> unit
|
|
(** Print an integer, in decimal, on standard error. *)
|
|
|
|
val prerr_float : float -> unit
|
|
(** Print a floating-point number, in decimal, on standard error. *)
|
|
|
|
val prerr_endline : string -> unit
|
|
(** Print a string, followed by a newline character on standard error
|
|
and flush standard error. *)
|
|
|
|
val prerr_newline : unit -> unit
|
|
(** Print a newline character on standard error, and flush
|
|
standard error. *)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(** {7 Input functions on standard input} *)
|
|
|
|
val read_line : unit -> string
|
|
(** Flush standard output, then read characters from standard input
|
|
until a newline character is encountered. Return the string of
|
|
all characters read, without the newline character at the end. *)
|
|
|
|
val read_int : unit -> int
|
|
(** Flush standard output, then read one line from standard input
|
|
and convert it to an integer. Raise [Failure "int_of_string"]
|
|
if the line read is not a valid representation of an integer. *)
|
|
|
|
val read_float : unit -> float
|
|
(** Flush standard output, then read one line from standard input
|
|
and convert it to a floating-point number.
|
|
The result is unspecified if the line read is not a valid
|
|
representation of a floating-point number. *)
|
|
|
|
(** {7 General output functions} *)
|
|
|
|
|
|
type open_flag =
|
|
Open_rdonly (** open for reading. *)
|
|
| Open_wronly (** open for writing. *)
|
|
| Open_append (** open for appending: always write at end of file. *)
|
|
| Open_creat (** create the file if it does not exist. *)
|
|
| Open_trunc (** empty the file if it already exists. *)
|
|
| Open_excl (** fail if the file already exists. *)
|
|
| Open_binary (** open in binary mode (no conversion). *)
|
|
| Open_text (** open in text mode (may perform conversions). *)
|
|
| Open_nonblock (** open in non-blocking mode. *)
|
|
(** Opening modes for {!Pervasives.open_out_gen} and {!Pervasives.open_in_gen}. *)
|
|
|
|
val open_out : string -> out_channel
|
|
(** Open the named file for writing, and return a new output channel
|
|
on that file, positionned at the beginning of the file. The
|
|
file is truncated to zero length if it already exists. It
|
|
is created if it does not already exists.
|
|
Raise [Sys_error] if the file could not be opened. *)
|
|
|
|
val open_out_bin : string -> out_channel
|
|
(** Same as {!Pervasives.open_out}, but the file is opened in binary mode,
|
|
so that no translation takes place during writes. On operating
|
|
systems that do not distinguish between text mode and binary
|
|
mode, this function behaves like {!Pervasives.open_out}. *)
|
|
|
|
val open_out_gen : open_flag list -> int -> string -> out_channel
|
|
(** Open the named file for writing, as above. The extra argument [mode]
|
|
specify the opening mode. The extra argument [perm] specifies
|
|
the file permissions, in case the file must be created.
|
|
{!Pervasives.open_out} and {!Pervasives.open_out_bin} are special
|
|
cases of this function. *)
|
|
|
|
val flush : out_channel -> unit
|
|
(** Flush the buffer associated with the given output channel,
|
|
performing all pending writes on that channel.
|
|
Interactive programs must be careful about flushing standard
|
|
output and standard error at the right time. *)
|
|
|
|
val flush_all : unit -> unit
|
|
(** Flush all open output channels; ignore errors. *)
|
|
|
|
val output_char : out_channel -> char -> unit
|
|
(** Write the character on the given output channel. *)
|
|
|
|
val output_string : out_channel -> string -> unit
|
|
(** Write the string on the given output channel. *)
|
|
|
|
val output : out_channel -> string -> int -> int -> unit
|
|
(** [output oc buf pos len] writes [len] characters from string [buf],
|
|
starting at offset [pos], to the given output channel [oc].
|
|
Raise [Invalid_argument "output"] if [pos] and [len] do not
|
|
designate a valid substring of [buf]. *)
|
|
|
|
val output_byte : out_channel -> int -> unit
|
|
(** Write one 8-bit integer (as the single character with that code)
|
|
on the given output channel. The given integer is taken modulo
|
|
256. *)
|
|
|
|
val output_binary_int : out_channel -> int -> unit
|
|
(** Write one integer in binary format (4 bytes, big-endian)
|
|
on the given output channel.
|
|
The given integer is taken modulo 2{^32}.
|
|
The only reliable way to read it back is through the
|
|
{!Pervasives.input_binary_int} function. The format is compatible across
|
|
all machines for a given version of Objective Caml. *)
|
|
|
|
val output_value : out_channel -> 'a -> unit
|
|
(** Write the representation of a structured value of any type
|
|
to a channel. Circularities and sharing inside the value
|
|
are detected and preserved. The object can be read back,
|
|
by the function {!Pervasives.input_value}. See the description of module
|
|
{!Marshal} for more information. {!Pervasives.output_value} is equivalent
|
|
to {!Marshal.to_channel} with an empty list of flags. *)
|
|
|
|
val seek_out : out_channel -> int -> unit
|
|
(** [seek_out chan pos] sets the current writing position to [pos]
|
|
for channel [chan]. This works only for regular files. On
|
|
files of other kinds (such as terminals, pipes and sockets),
|
|
the behavior is unspecified. *)
|
|
|
|
val pos_out : out_channel -> int
|
|
(** Return the current writing position for the given channel. Does
|
|
not work on channels opened with the [Open_append] flag (returns
|
|
unspecified results). *)
|
|
|
|
val out_channel_length : out_channel -> int
|
|
(** Return the size (number of characters) of the regular file
|
|
on which the given channel is opened. If the channel is opened
|
|
on a file that is not a regular file, the result is meaningless. *)
|
|
|
|
val close_out : out_channel -> unit
|
|
(** Close the given channel, flushing all buffered write operations.
|
|
Output functions raise a [Sys_error] exception when they are
|
|
applied to a closed output channel, except [close_out] and [flush],
|
|
which do nothing when applied to an already closed channel.
|
|
Note that [close_out] may raise [Sys_error] if the operating
|
|
system signals an error when flushing or closing. *)
|
|
|
|
val close_out_noerr : out_channel -> unit
|
|
(** Same as [close_out], but ignore all errors. *)
|
|
|
|
val set_binary_mode_out : out_channel -> bool -> unit
|
|
(** [set_binary_mode_out oc true] sets the channel [oc] to binary
|
|
mode: no translations take place during output.
|
|
[set_binary_mode_out oc false] sets the channel [oc] to text
|
|
mode: depending on the operating system, some translations
|
|
may take place during output. For instance, under Windows,
|
|
end-of-lines will be translated from [\n] to [\r\n].
|
|
This function has no effect under operating systems that
|
|
do not distinguish between text mode and binary mode. *)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(** {7 General input functions} *)
|
|
|
|
val open_in : string -> in_channel
|
|
(** Open the named file for reading, and return a new input channel
|
|
on that file, positionned at the beginning of the file.
|
|
Raise [Sys_error] if the file could not be opened. *)
|
|
|
|
val open_in_bin : string -> in_channel
|
|
(** Same as {!Pervasives.open_in}, but the file is opened in binary mode,
|
|
so that no translation takes place during reads. On operating
|
|
systems that do not distinguish between text mode and binary
|
|
mode, this function behaves like {!Pervasives.open_in}. *)
|
|
|
|
val open_in_gen : open_flag list -> int -> string -> in_channel
|
|
(** Open the named file for reading, as above. The extra arguments
|
|
[mode] and [perm] specify the opening mode and file permissions.
|
|
{!Pervasives.open_in} and {!Pervasives.open_in_bin} are special
|
|
cases of this function. *)
|
|
|
|
val input_char : in_channel -> char
|
|
(** Read one character from the given input channel.
|
|
Raise [End_of_file] if there are no more characters to read. *)
|
|
|
|
val input_line : in_channel -> string
|
|
(** Read characters from the given input channel, until a
|
|
newline character is encountered. Return the string of
|
|
all characters read, without the newline character at the end.
|
|
Raise [End_of_file] if the end of the file is reached
|
|
at the beginning of line. *)
|
|
|
|
val input : in_channel -> string -> int -> int -> int
|
|
(** [input ic buf pos len] reads up to [len] characters from
|
|
the given channel [ic], storing them in string [buf], starting at
|
|
character number [pos].
|
|
It returns the actual number of characters read, between 0 and
|
|
[len] (inclusive).
|
|
A return value of 0 means that the end of file was reached.
|
|
A return value between 0 and [len] exclusive means that
|
|
not all requested [len] characters were read, either because
|
|
no more characters were available at that time, or because
|
|
the implementation found it convenient to do a partial read;
|
|
[input] must be called again to read the remaining characters,
|
|
if desired. (See also {!Pervasives.really_input} for reading
|
|
exactly [len] characters.)
|
|
Exception [Invalid_argument "input"] is raised if [pos] and [len]
|
|
do not designate a valid substring of [buf]. *)
|
|
|
|
val really_input : in_channel -> string -> int -> int -> unit
|
|
(** [really_input ic buf pos len] reads [len] characters from channel [ic],
|
|
storing them in string [buf], starting at character number [pos].
|
|
Raise [End_of_file] if the end of file is reached before [len]
|
|
characters have been read.
|
|
Raise [Invalid_argument "really_input"] if
|
|
[pos] and [len] do not designate a valid substring of [buf]. *)
|
|
|
|
val input_byte : in_channel -> int
|
|
(** Same as {!Pervasives.input_char}, but return the 8-bit integer representing
|
|
the character.
|
|
Raise [End_of_file] if an end of file was reached. *)
|
|
|
|
val input_binary_int : in_channel -> int
|
|
(** Read an integer encoded in binary format (4 bytes, big-endian)
|
|
from the given input channel. See {!Pervasives.output_binary_int}.
|
|
Raise [End_of_file] if an end of file was reached while reading the
|
|
integer. *)
|
|
|
|
val input_value : in_channel -> 'a
|
|
(** Read the representation of a structured value, as produced
|
|
by {!Pervasives.output_value}, and return the corresponding value.
|
|
This function is identical to {!Marshal.from_channel};
|
|
see the description of module {!Marshal} for more information,
|
|
in particular concerning the lack of type safety. *)
|
|
|
|
val seek_in : in_channel -> int -> unit
|
|
(** [seek_in chan pos] sets the current reading position to [pos]
|
|
for channel [chan]. This works only for regular files. On
|
|
files of other kinds, the behavior is unspecified. *)
|
|
|
|
val pos_in : in_channel -> int
|
|
(** Return the current reading position for the given channel. *)
|
|
|
|
val in_channel_length : in_channel -> int
|
|
(** Return the size (number of characters) of the regular file
|
|
on which the given channel is opened. If the channel is opened
|
|
on a file that is not a regular file, the result is meaningless.
|
|
The returned size does not take into account the end-of-line
|
|
translations that can be performed when reading from a channel
|
|
opened in text mode. *)
|
|
|
|
val close_in : in_channel -> unit
|
|
(** Close the given channel. Input functions raise a [Sys_error]
|
|
exception when they are applied to a closed input channel,
|
|
except [close_in], which does nothing when applied to an already
|
|
closed channel. Note that [close_in] may raise [Sys_error] if
|
|
the operating system signals an error. *)
|
|
|
|
val close_in_noerr : in_channel -> unit
|
|
(** Same as [close_in], but ignore all errors. *)
|
|
|
|
val set_binary_mode_in : in_channel -> bool -> unit
|
|
(** [set_binary_mode_in ic true] sets the channel [ic] to binary
|
|
mode: no translations take place during input.
|
|
[set_binary_mode_out ic false] sets the channel [ic] to text
|
|
mode: depending on the operating system, some translations
|
|
may take place during input. For instance, under Windows,
|
|
end-of-lines will be translated from [\r\n] to [\n].
|
|
This function has no effect under operating systems that
|
|
do not distinguish between text mode and binary mode. *)
|
|
|
|
(** {7 Operations on large files} *)
|
|
|
|
module LargeFile :
|
|
sig
|
|
val seek_out : out_channel -> int64 -> unit
|
|
val pos_out : out_channel -> int64
|
|
val out_channel_length : out_channel -> int64
|
|
val seek_in : in_channel -> int64 -> unit
|
|
val pos_in : in_channel -> int64
|
|
val in_channel_length : in_channel -> int64
|
|
end
|
|
(** Operations on large files.
|
|
This sub-module provides 64-bit variants of the channel functions
|
|
that manipulate file positions and file sizes. By representing
|
|
positions and sizes by 64-bit integers (type [int64]) instead of
|
|
regular integers (type [int]), these alternate functions allow
|
|
operating on files whose sizes are greater than [max_int]. *)
|
|
|
|
(** {6 References} *)
|
|
|
|
type 'a ref = { mutable contents : 'a }
|
|
(** The type of references (mutable indirection cells) containing
|
|
a value of type ['a]. *)
|
|
|
|
external ref : 'a -> 'a ref = "%makemutable"
|
|
(** Return a fresh reference containing the given value. *)
|
|
|
|
external ( ! ) : 'a ref -> 'a = "%field0"
|
|
(** [!r] returns the current contents of reference [r].
|
|
Equivalent to [fun r -> r.contents]. *)
|
|
|
|
external ( := ) : 'a ref -> 'a -> unit = "%setfield0"
|
|
(** [r := a] stores the value of [a] in reference [r].
|
|
Equivalent to [fun r v -> r.contents <- v]. *)
|
|
|
|
external incr : int ref -> unit = "%incr"
|
|
(** Increment the integer contained in the given reference.
|
|
Equivalent to [fun r -> r := succ !r]. *)
|
|
|
|
external decr : int ref -> unit = "%decr"
|
|
(** Decrement the integer contained in the given reference.
|
|
Equivalent to [fun r -> r := pred !r]. *)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(** {6 Operations on format strings} *)
|
|
|
|
(** See modules {!Printf} and {!Scanf} for more operations on
|
|
format strings. *)
|
|
|
|
type ('a, 'b, 'c) format = ('a, 'b, 'c, 'c) format4
|
|
(** Simplified type for format strings, included for backward compatibility
|
|
with earlier releases of Objective Caml.
|
|
['a] is the type of the parameters of the format,
|
|
['c] is the result type for the "printf"-style function,
|
|
and ['b] is the type of the first argument given to
|
|
[%a] and [%t] printing functions. *)
|
|
|
|
val string_of_format : ('a, 'b, 'c, 'd) format4 -> string
|
|
(** Converts a format string into a string. *)
|
|
|
|
external format_of_string :
|
|
('a, 'b, 'c, 'd) format4 -> ('a, 'b, 'c, 'd) format4 = "%identity"
|
|
(** [format_of_string s] returns a format string read from the string
|
|
literal [s]. *)
|
|
|
|
val ( ^^ ) :
|
|
('a, 'b, 'c, 'd) format4 -> ('d, 'b, 'c, 'e) format4 ->
|
|
('a, 'b, 'c, 'e) format4;;
|
|
(** [f1 ^^ f2] catenates formats [f1] and [f2]. The result is a format
|
|
that accepts arguments from [f1], then arguments from [f2]. *)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(** {6 Program termination} *)
|
|
|
|
|
|
val exit : int -> 'a
|
|
(** Terminate the process, returning the given status code
|
|
to the operating system: usually 0 to indicate no errors,
|
|
and a small positive integer to indicate failure.
|
|
All open output channels are flushed with flush_all.
|
|
An implicit [exit 0] is performed each time a program
|
|
terminates normally. An implicit [exit 2] is performed if the program
|
|
terminates early because of an uncaught exception. *)
|
|
|
|
val at_exit : (unit -> unit) -> unit
|
|
(** Register the given function to be called at program
|
|
termination time. The functions registered with [at_exit]
|
|
will be called when the program executes {!Pervasives.exit},
|
|
or terminates, either normally or because of an uncaught exception.
|
|
The functions are called in ``last in, first out'' order:
|
|
the function most recently added with [at_exit] is called first. *)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(**/**)
|
|
|
|
(** {6 For system use only, not for the casual user} *)
|
|
|
|
val valid_float_lexem : string -> string
|
|
|
|
val unsafe_really_input : in_channel -> string -> int -> int -> unit
|
|
|
|
val do_at_exit : unit -> unit
|