780 lines
24 KiB
Matlab
780 lines
24 KiB
Matlab
.\"**************************************************************************
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.\"* *
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.\"* OCaml *
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.\"* *
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.\"* Xavier Leroy, projet Cristal, INRIA Rocquencourt *
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.\"* *
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.\"* Copyright 1996 Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et *
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.\"* en Automatique. *
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.\"* *
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.\"* All rights reserved. This file is distributed under the terms of *
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.\"* the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1, with the *
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.\"* special exception on linking described in the file LICENSE. *
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.\"* *
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.\"**************************************************************************
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.\"
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.TH OCAMLOPT 1
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.SH NAME
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ocamlopt \- The OCaml native-code compiler
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B ocamlopt
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[
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.I options
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]
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.IR filename \ ...
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.B ocamlopt.opt
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(same options)
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The OCaml high-performance
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native-code compiler
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.BR ocamlopt (1)
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compiles OCaml source files to native code object files and link these
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object files to produce standalone executables.
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The
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.BR ocamlopt (1)
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command has a command-line interface very close to that
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of
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.BR ocamlc (1).
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It accepts the same types of arguments and processes them
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sequentially, after all options have been processed:
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Arguments ending in .mli are taken to be source files for
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compilation unit interfaces. Interfaces specify the names exported by
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compilation units: they declare value names with their types, define
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public data types, declare abstract data types, and so on. From the
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file
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.IR x .mli,
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the
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.BR ocamlopt (1)
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compiler produces a compiled interface
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in the file
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.IR x .cmi.
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The interface produced is identical to that
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produced by the bytecode compiler
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.BR ocamlc (1).
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Arguments ending in .ml are taken to be source files for compilation
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unit implementations. Implementations provide definitions for the
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names exported by the unit, and also contain expressions to be
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evaluated for their side-effects. From the file
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.IR x .ml,
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the
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.BR ocamlopt (1)
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compiler produces two files:
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.IR x .o,
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containing native object code, and
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.IR x .cmx,
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containing extra information for linking and
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optimization of the clients of the unit. The compiled implementation
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should always be referred to under the name
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.IR x .cmx
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(when given a .o file,
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.BR ocamlopt (1)
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assumes that it contains code compiled from C, not from OCaml).
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The implementation is checked against the interface file
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.IR x .mli
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(if it exists) as described in the manual for
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.BR ocamlc (1).
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Arguments ending in .cmx are taken to be compiled object code. These
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files are linked together, along with the object files obtained
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by compiling .ml arguments (if any), and the OCaml standard
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library, to produce a native-code executable program. The order in
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which .cmx and .ml arguments are presented on the command line is
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relevant: compilation units are initialized in that order at
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run-time, and it is a link-time error to use a component of a unit
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before having initialized it. Hence, a given
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.IR x .cmx
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file must come
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before all .cmx files that refer to the unit
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.IR x .
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Arguments ending in .cmxa are taken to be libraries of object code.
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Such a library packs in two files
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.IR lib .cmxa
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and
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.IR lib .a
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a set of object files (.cmx/.o files). Libraries are build with
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.B ocamlopt \-a
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(see the description of the
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.B \-a
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option below). The object
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files contained in the library are linked as regular .cmx files (see
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above), in the order specified when the library was built. The only
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difference is that if an object file contained in a library is not
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referenced anywhere in the program, then it is not linked in.
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Arguments ending in .c are passed to the C compiler, which generates
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a .o object file. This object file is linked with the program.
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Arguments ending in .o or .a are assumed to be C object files and
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libraries. They are linked with the program.
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The output of the linking phase is a regular Unix executable file. It
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does not need
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.BR ocamlrun (1)
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to run.
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.B ocamlopt.opt
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is the same compiler as
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.BR ocamlopt ,
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but compiled with itself instead of with the bytecode compiler
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.BR ocamlc (1).
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Thus, it behaves exactly like
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.BR ocamlopt ,
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but compiles faster.
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.B ocamlopt.opt
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is not available in all installations of OCaml.
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.SH OPTIONS
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The following command-line options are recognized by
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.BR ocamlopt (1).
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.TP
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.B \-a
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Build a library (.cmxa/.a file) with the object files (.cmx/.o
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files) given on the command line, instead of linking them into an
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executable file. The name of the library must be set with the
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.B \-o
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option.
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If
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.BR \-cclib \ or \ \-ccopt
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options are passed on the command
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line, these options are stored in the resulting .cmxa library. Then,
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linking with this library automatically adds back the
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.BR \-cclib \ and \ \-ccopt
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options as if they had been provided on the
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command line, unless the
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.B \-noautolink
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option is given. Additionally, a substring
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.B $CAMLORIGIN
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inside a
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.BR \ \-ccopt
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options will be replaced by the full path to the .cma library,
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excluding the filename.
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.TP
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.B \-absname
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Show absolute filenames in error messages.
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.TP
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.B \-annot
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Deprecated since OCaml 4.11. Please use
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.BR \-bin-annot
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instead.
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.TP
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.B \-bin\-annot
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Dump detailed information about the compilation (types, bindings,
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tail-calls, etc) in binary format. The information for file
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.IR src .ml
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is put into file
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.IR src .cmt.
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In case of a type error, dump
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all the information inferred by the type-checker before the error.
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The annotation files produced by
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.B \-bin\-annot
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contain more information
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and are much more compact than the files produced by
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.BR \-annot .
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.TP
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.B \-c
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Compile only. Suppress the linking phase of the
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compilation. Source code files are turned into compiled files, but no
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executable file is produced. This option is useful to
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compile modules separately.
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.TP
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.BI \-cc \ ccomp
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Use
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.I ccomp
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as the C linker called to build the final executable and as the C
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compiler for compiling .c source files.
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.TP
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.BI \-cclib\ \-l libname
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Pass the
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.BI \-l libname
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option to the linker. This causes the given C library to be linked
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with the program.
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.TP
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.BI \-ccopt \ option
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Pass the given option to the C compiler and linker. For instance,
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.BI \-ccopt\ \-L dir
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causes the C linker to search for C libraries in
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directory
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.IR dir .
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.TP
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.BI \-color \ mode
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Enable or disable colors in compiler messages (especially warnings and errors).
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The following modes are supported:
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.B auto
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use heuristics to enable colors only if the output supports them (an
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ANSI-compatible tty terminal);
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.B always
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enable colors unconditionally;
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.B never
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disable color output.
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The default setting is
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.B auto,
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and the current heuristic
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checks that the "TERM" environment variable exists and is
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not empty or "dumb", and that isatty(stderr) holds.
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The environment variable "OCAML_COLOR" is considered if \-color is not
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provided. Its values are auto/always/never as above.
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.TP
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.BI \-error\-style \ mode
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Control the way error messages and warnings are printed.
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The following modes are supported:
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.B short
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only print the error and its location;
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.B contextual
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like "short", but also display the source code snippet corresponding
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to the location of the error.
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The default setting is
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.B contextual.
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The environment variable "OCAML_ERROR_STYLE" is considered if
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\-error\-style is not provided. Its values are short/contextual as
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above.
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.TP
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.B \-compact
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Optimize the produced code for space rather than for time. This
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results in smaller but slightly slower programs. The default is to
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optimize for speed.
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.TP
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.B \-config
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Print the version number of
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.BR ocamlopt (1)
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and a detailed summary of its configuration, then exit.
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.TP
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.BI \-config-var
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Print the value of a specific configuration variable
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from the
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.B \-config
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output, then exit. If the variable does not exist,
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the exit code is non-zero.
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.TP
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.BI \-depend\ ocamldep-args
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Compute dependencies, as ocamldep would do.
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.TP
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.BI \-for\-pack \ module\-path
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Generate an object file (.cmx and .o files) that can later be included
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as a sub-module (with the given access path) of a compilation unit
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constructed with
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.BR \-pack .
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For instance,
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.B ocamlopt\ \-for\-pack\ P\ \-c\ A.ml
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will generate a.cmx and a.o files that can later be used with
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.BR "ocamlopt -pack -o P.cmx a.cmx" .
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.TP
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.B \-g
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Add debugging information while compiling and linking. This option is
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required in order to produce stack backtraces when
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the program terminates on an uncaught exception (see
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.BR ocamlrun (1)).
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.TP
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.B \-i
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Cause the compiler to print all defined names (with their inferred
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types or their definitions) when compiling an implementation (.ml
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file). No compiled files (.cmo and .cmi files) are produced.
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This can be useful to check the types inferred by the
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compiler. Also, since the output follows the syntax of interfaces, it
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can help in writing an explicit interface (.mli file) for a file:
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just redirect the standard output of the compiler to a .mli file,
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and edit that file to remove all declarations of unexported names.
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.TP
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.BI \-I \ directory
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Add the given directory to the list of directories searched for
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compiled interface files (.cmi), compiled object code files (.cmx),
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and libraries (.cmxa). By default, the current directory is searched
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first, then the standard library directory. Directories added with \-I
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are searched after the current directory, in the order in which they
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were given on the command line, but before the standard library
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directory. See also option
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.BR \-nostdlib .
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If the given directory starts with
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.BR + ,
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it is taken relative to the
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standard library directory. For instance,
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.B \-I\ +compiler-libs
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adds the subdirectory
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.B compiler-libs
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of the standard library to the search path.
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.TP
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.BI \-impl \ filename
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Compile the file
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.I filename
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as an implementation file, even if its extension is not .ml.
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.TP
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.BI \-inline \ n
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Set aggressiveness of inlining to
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.IR n ,
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where
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.I n
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is a positive
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integer. Specifying
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.B \-inline 0
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prevents all functions from being
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inlined, except those whose body is smaller than the call site. Thus,
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inlining causes no expansion in code size. The default aggressiveness,
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.BR \-inline\ 1 ,
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allows slightly larger functions to be inlined, resulting
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in a slight expansion in code size. Higher values for the
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.B \-inline
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option cause larger and larger functions to become candidate for
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inlining, but can result in a serious increase in code size.
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.TP
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.B \-insn\-sched
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Enables the instruction scheduling pass in the compiler backend.
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.TP
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.BI \-intf \ filename
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Compile the file
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.I filename
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as an interface file, even if its extension is not .mli.
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.TP
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.BI \-intf\-suffix \ string
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Recognize file names ending with
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.I string
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as interface files (instead of the default .mli).
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.TP
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.B \-keep-docs
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Keep documentation strings in generated .cmi files.
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.TP
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.B \-keep-locs
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Keep locations in generated .cmi files.
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.TP
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.B \-labels
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Labels are not ignored in types, labels may be used in applications,
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and labelled parameters can be given in any order. This is the default.
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.TP
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.B \-linkall
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Force all modules contained in libraries to be linked in. If this
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flag is not given, unreferenced modules are not linked in. When
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building a library
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.RB ( \-a
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flag), setting the
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.B \-linkall
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flag forces all
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subsequent links of programs involving that library to link all the
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modules contained in the library.
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When compiling a module (option
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.BR \-c ),
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setting the
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.B \-linkall
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option ensures that this module will
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always be linked if it is put in a library and this library is linked.
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.TP
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.B \-linscan
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Use linear scan register allocation. Compiling with this allocator is faster
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than with the usual graph coloring allocator, sometimes quite drastically so for
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long functions and modules. On the other hand, the generated code can be a bit
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slower.
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.TP
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.B \-match\-context\-rows
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Set number of rows of context used during pattern matching
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compilation. Lower values cause faster compilation, but
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less optimized code. The default value is 32.
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.TP
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.B \-no-alias-deps
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Do not record dependencies for module aliases.
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.TP
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.B \-no\-app\-funct
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Deactivates the applicative behaviour of functors. With this option,
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each functor application generates new types in its result and
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applying the same functor twice to the same argument yields two
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incompatible structures.
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.TP
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.B \-noassert
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Do not compile assertion checks. Note that the special form
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.B assert\ false
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is always compiled because it is typed specially.
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This flag has no effect when linking already-compiled files.
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.TP
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.B \-noautolink
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When linking .cmxa libraries, ignore
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.BR \-cclib \ and \ \-ccopt
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options potentially contained in the libraries (if these options were
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given when building the libraries). This can be useful if a library
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contains incorrect specifications of C libraries or C options; in this
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case, during linking, set
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.B -noautolink
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and pass the correct C libraries and options on the command line.
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.TP
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.B \-nodynlink
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Allow the compiler to use some optimizations that are valid only for code
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that is never dynlinked.
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.TP
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.B \-no\-insn\-sched
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Disables the instruction scheduling pass in the compiler backend.
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.TP
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.B -nostdlib
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Do not automatically add the standard library directory to the list of
|
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directories searched for compiled interface files (.cmi), compiled
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object code files (.cmx), and libraries (.cmxa). See also option
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.BR \-I .
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.TP
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.B \-nolabels
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Ignore non-optional labels in types. Labels cannot be used in
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applications, and parameter order becomes strict.
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.TP
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.BI \-o \ exec\-file
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Specify the name of the output file produced by the linker. The
|
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default output name is a.out, in keeping with the Unix tradition. If the
|
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.B \-a
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option is given, specify the name of the library produced. If the
|
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.B \-pack
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option is given, specify the name of the packed object file produced.
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If the
|
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.B \-output\-obj
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option is given, specify the name of the output file produced. If the
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.B \-shared
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option is given, specify the name of plugin file produced.
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This can also be used when compiling an interface or implementation
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file, without linking, in which case it sets the name of the cmi or
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cmo file, and also sets the module name to the file name up to the
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first dot.
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.TP
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.B \-opaque
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When compiling a .mli interface file, this has the same effect as the
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.B \-opaque
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option of the bytecode compiler. When compiling a .ml implementation
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file, this produces a .cmx file without cross-module optimization
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|
information, which reduces recompilation on module change.
|
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.TP
|
|
.BI \-open \ module
|
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Opens the given module before processing the interface or
|
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implementation files. If several
|
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.B \-open
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options are given, they are processed in order, just as if
|
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the statements open! module1;; ... open! moduleN;; were added
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at the top of each file.
|
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.TP
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.B \-output\-obj
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Cause the linker to produce a C object file instead of an executable
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file. This is useful to wrap OCaml code as a C library,
|
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callable from any C program. The name of the output object file
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must be set with the
|
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.B \-o
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option.
|
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This option can also be used to produce a compiled shared/dynamic
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library (.so extension).
|
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.TP
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.B \-pack
|
|
Build an object file (.cmx and .o files) and its associated compiled
|
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interface (.cmi) that combines the .cmx object
|
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files given on the command line, making them appear as sub-modules of
|
|
the output .cmx file. The name of the output .cmx file must be
|
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given with the
|
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.B \-o
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|
option. For instance,
|
|
.B ocamlopt\ -pack\ -o\ P.cmx\ A.cmx\ B.cmx\ C.cmx
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generates compiled files P.cmx, P.o and P.cmi describing a
|
|
compilation unit having three sub-modules A, B and C,
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corresponding to the contents of the object files A.cmx, B.cmx and
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C.cmx. These contents can be referenced as P.A, P.B and P.C
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in the remainder of the program.
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The .cmx object files being combined must have been compiled with
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the appropriate
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.B \-for\-pack
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option. In the example above,
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A.cmx, B.cmx and C.cmx must have been compiled with
|
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.BR ocamlopt\ \-for\-pack\ P .
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Multiple levels of packing can be achieved by combining
|
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.B \-pack
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with
|
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.BR \-for\-pack .
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See
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.IR "The OCaml user's manual" ,
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chapter "Native-code compilation" for more details.
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.TP
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.BI \-pp \ command
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Cause the compiler to call the given
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.I command
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as a preprocessor for each source file. The output of
|
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.I command
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is redirected to
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an intermediate file, which is compiled. If there are no compilation
|
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errors, the intermediate file is deleted afterwards.
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.TP
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.BI \-ppx \ command
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After parsing, pipe the abstract syntax tree through the preprocessor
|
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.IR command .
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The module
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.BR Ast_mapper (3)
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implements the external interface of a preprocessor.
|
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.TP
|
|
.B \-principal
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Check information path during type-checking, to make sure that all
|
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types are derived in a principal way. All programs accepted in
|
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.B \-principal
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mode are also accepted in default mode with equivalent
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types, but different binary signatures.
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.TP
|
|
.B \-rectypes
|
|
Allow arbitrary recursive types during type-checking. By default,
|
|
only recursive types where the recursion goes through an object type
|
|
are supported. Note that once you have created an interface using this
|
|
flag, you must use it again for all dependencies.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-runtime\-variant \ suffix
|
|
Add
|
|
.I suffix
|
|
to the name of the runtime library that will be used by the program.
|
|
If OCaml was configured with option
|
|
.BR \-with\-debug\-runtime ,
|
|
then the
|
|
.B d
|
|
suffix is supported and gives a debug version of the runtime.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-S
|
|
Keep the assembly code produced during the compilation. The assembly
|
|
code for the source file
|
|
.IR x .ml
|
|
is saved in the file
|
|
.IR x .s.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-stop\-after \ pass
|
|
Stop compilation after the given compilation pass. The currently
|
|
supported passes are:
|
|
.BR parsing ,
|
|
.BR typing .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-safe\-string
|
|
Enforce the separation between types
|
|
.BR string \ and\ bytes ,
|
|
thereby making strings read-only. This is the default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-shared
|
|
Build a plugin (usually .cmxs) that can be dynamically loaded with
|
|
the
|
|
.B Dynlink
|
|
module. The name of the plugin must be
|
|
set with the
|
|
.B \-o
|
|
option. A plugin can include a number of OCaml
|
|
modules and libraries, and extra native objects (.o, .a files).
|
|
Building native plugins is only supported for some
|
|
operating system. Under some systems (currently,
|
|
only Linux AMD 64), all the OCaml code linked in a plugin must have
|
|
been compiled without the
|
|
.B \-nodynlink
|
|
flag. Some constraints might also
|
|
apply to the way the extra native objects have been compiled (under
|
|
Linux AMD 64, they must contain only position-independent code).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-short\-paths
|
|
When a type is visible under several module-paths, use the shortest
|
|
one when printing the type's name in inferred interfaces and error and
|
|
warning messages.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-strict\-sequence
|
|
The left-hand part of a sequence must have type unit.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-unboxed\-types
|
|
When a type is unboxable (i.e. a record with a single argument or a
|
|
concrete datatype with a single constructor of one argument) it will
|
|
be unboxed unless annotated with
|
|
.BR [@@ocaml.boxed] .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-no-unboxed\-types
|
|
When a type is unboxable it will be boxed unless annotated with
|
|
.BR [@@ocaml.unboxed] .
|
|
This is the default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-unsafe
|
|
Turn bound checking off for array and string accesses (the
|
|
.BR v.(i) and s.[i]
|
|
constructs). Programs compiled with
|
|
.B \-unsafe
|
|
are therefore
|
|
faster, but unsafe: anything can happen if the program accesses an
|
|
array or string outside of its bounds. Additionally, turn off the
|
|
check for zero divisor in integer division and modulus operations.
|
|
With
|
|
.BR \-unsafe ,
|
|
an integer division (or modulus) by zero can halt the
|
|
program or continue with an unspecified result instead of raising a
|
|
.B Division_by_zero
|
|
exception.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-unsafe\-string
|
|
Identify the types
|
|
.BR string \ and\ bytes ,
|
|
thereby making strings writable.
|
|
This is intended for compatibility with old source code and should not
|
|
be used with new software.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-v
|
|
Print the version number of the compiler and the location of the
|
|
standard library directory, then exit.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-verbose
|
|
Print all external commands before they are executed, in particular
|
|
invocations of the assembler, C compiler, and linker.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR \-version \ or\ \-vnum
|
|
Print the version number of the compiler in short form (e.g. "3.11.0"),
|
|
then exit.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-w \ warning\-list
|
|
Enable, disable, or mark as fatal the warnings specified by the argument
|
|
.IR warning\-list .
|
|
See
|
|
.BR ocamlc (1)
|
|
for the syntax of
|
|
.IR warning-list .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-warn\-error \ warning\-list
|
|
Mark as fatal the warnings specified in the argument
|
|
.IR warning\-list .
|
|
The compiler will stop with an error when one of these
|
|
warnings is emitted. The
|
|
.I warning\-list
|
|
has the same meaning as for
|
|
the
|
|
.B \-w
|
|
option: a
|
|
.B +
|
|
sign (or an uppercase letter) marks the corresponding warnings as fatal, a
|
|
.B \-
|
|
sign (or a lowercase letter) turns them back into non-fatal warnings, and a
|
|
.B @
|
|
sign both enables and marks as fatal the corresponding warnings.
|
|
|
|
Note: it is not recommended to use the
|
|
.B \-warn\-error
|
|
option in production code, because it will almost certainly prevent
|
|
compiling your program with later versions of OCaml when they add new
|
|
warnings or modify existing warnings.
|
|
|
|
The default setting is
|
|
.B \-warn\-error \-a+31
|
|
(only warning 31 is fatal).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-warn\-help
|
|
Show the description of all available warning numbers.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-where
|
|
Print the location of the standard library, then exit.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-with-runtime
|
|
Include the runtime system in the generated program. This is the default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-without-runtime
|
|
The compiler does not include the runtime system (nor a reference to it) in the
|
|
generated program; it must be supplied separately.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \- \ file
|
|
Process
|
|
.I file
|
|
as a file name, even if it starts with a dash (-) character.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR \-help \ or \ \-\-help
|
|
Display a short usage summary and exit.
|
|
|
|
.SH OPTIONS FOR THE IA32 ARCHITECTURE
|
|
|
|
The IA32 code generator (Intel Pentium, AMD Athlon) supports the
|
|
following additional option:
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-ffast\-math
|
|
Use the IA32 instructions to compute
|
|
trigonometric and exponential functions, instead of calling the
|
|
corresponding library routines. The functions affected are:
|
|
.BR atan ,
|
|
.BR atan2 ,
|
|
.BR cos ,
|
|
.BR log ,
|
|
.BR log10 ,
|
|
.BR sin ,
|
|
.B sqrt
|
|
and
|
|
.BR tan .
|
|
The resulting code runs faster, but the range of supported arguments
|
|
and the precision of the result can be reduced. In particular,
|
|
trigonometric operations
|
|
.BR cos ,
|
|
.BR sin ,
|
|
.B tan
|
|
have their range reduced to [\-2^64, 2^64].
|
|
|
|
.SH OPTIONS FOR THE AMD64 ARCHITECTURE
|
|
|
|
The AMD64 code generator (64-bit versions of Intel Pentium and AMD
|
|
Athlon) supports the following additional options:
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-fPIC
|
|
Generate position-independent machine code. This is the default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-fno\-PIC
|
|
Generate position-dependent machine code.
|
|
|
|
.SH OPTIONS FOR THE POWER ARCHITECTURE
|
|
|
|
The PowerPC code generator supports the following additional options:
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-flarge\-toc
|
|
Enables the PowerPC large model allowing the TOC (table of contents) to be
|
|
arbitrarily large. This is the default since 4.11.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-fsmall\-toc
|
|
Enables the PowerPC small model allowing the TOC to be up to 64 kbytes per
|
|
compilation unit. Prior to 4.11 this was the default behaviour.
|
|
\end{options}
|
|
|
|
.SH OPTIONS FOR THE ARM ARCHITECTURE
|
|
The ARM code generator supports the following additional options:
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-farch=armv4|armv5|armv5te|armv6|armv6t2|armv7
|
|
Select the ARM target architecture
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-ffpu=soft|vfpv2|vfpv3\-d16|vfpv3
|
|
Select the floating-point hardware
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-fPIC
|
|
Generate position-independent machine code.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-fno\-PIC
|
|
Generate position-dependent machine code. This is the default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-fthumb
|
|
Enable Thumb/Thumb-2 code generation
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-fno\-thumb
|
|
Disable Thumb/Thumb-2 code generation
|
|
.P
|
|
The default values for target architecture, floating-point hardware
|
|
and thumb usage were selected at configure-time when building
|
|
.B ocamlopt
|
|
itself. This configuration can be inspected using
|
|
.BR ocamlopt\ \-config .
|
|
Target architecture depends on the "model" setting, while
|
|
floating-point hardware and thumb support are determined from the ABI
|
|
setting in "system" (
|
|
.BR linux_eabi or linux_eabihf ).
|
|
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
|
.BR ocamlc (1).
|
|
.br
|
|
.IR "The OCaml user's manual" ,
|
|
chapter "Native-code compilation".
|