631 lines
30 KiB
OCaml
631 lines
30 KiB
OCaml
(***********************************************************************)
|
|
(* *)
|
|
(* Objective Caml *)
|
|
(* *)
|
|
(* Xavier Leroy, projet Cristal, INRIA Rocquencourt *)
|
|
(* *)
|
|
(* Copyright 1996 Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et *)
|
|
(* en Automatique. All rights reserved. This file is distributed *)
|
|
(* under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License. *)
|
|
(* *)
|
|
(***********************************************************************)
|
|
|
|
(* $Id$ *)
|
|
|
|
(* Module [Pervasives]: the initially opened module *)
|
|
|
|
(* This module provides the built-in types (numbers, booleans,
|
|
strings, exceptions, references, lists, arrays, input-output channels, ...)
|
|
and the basic operations over these types.
|
|
|
|
This module is automatically opened at the beginning of each compilation.
|
|
All components of this module can therefore be referred by their short
|
|
name, without prefixing them by [Pervasives]. *)
|
|
|
|
(*** Predefined types *)
|
|
|
|
(*- type int *)
|
|
(* The type of integer numbers. *)
|
|
(*- type char *)
|
|
(* The type of characters. *)
|
|
(*- type string *)
|
|
(* The type of character strings. *)
|
|
(*- type float *)
|
|
(* The type of floating-point numbers. *)
|
|
(*- type bool *)
|
|
(* The type of booleans (truth values). *)
|
|
(*- type unit = () *)
|
|
(* The type of the unit value. *)
|
|
(*- type exn *)
|
|
(* The type of exception values. *)
|
|
(*- type 'a array *)
|
|
(* The type of arrays whose elements have type ['a]. *)
|
|
(*- type 'a list = [] | :: of 'a * 'a list *)
|
|
(* The type of lists whose elements have type ['a]. *)
|
|
(*- type 'a option = None | Some of 'a *)
|
|
(* The type of optional values. *)
|
|
(*- type ('a, 'b, 'c) format *)
|
|
(* The type of format strings. ['a] is the type of the parameters
|
|
of the format, ['c] is the result type for the [printf]-style
|
|
function, and ['b] is the type of the first argument given to
|
|
[%a] and [%t] printing functions (see module [Printf]). *)
|
|
|
|
(*** Exceptions *)
|
|
|
|
external raise : exn -> 'a = "%raise"
|
|
(* Raise the given exception value *)
|
|
(*- exception Match_failure of (string * int * int) *)
|
|
(* Exception raised when none of the cases of a pattern-matching
|
|
apply. The arguments are the location of the pattern-matching
|
|
in the source code (file name, position of first character,
|
|
position of last character). *)
|
|
exception Assert_failure of (string * int * int)
|
|
(* Exception raised when an assertion fails. The arguments are
|
|
the location of the pattern-matching in the source code
|
|
(file name, position of first character, position of last
|
|
character). *)
|
|
(*- exception Invalid_argument of string *)
|
|
(* Exception raised by library functions to signal that the given
|
|
arguments do not make sense. *)
|
|
(*- exception Failure of string *)
|
|
(* Exception raised by library functions to signal that they are
|
|
undefined on the given arguments. *)
|
|
(*- exception Not_found *)
|
|
(* Exception raised by search functions when the desired object
|
|
could not be found. *)
|
|
(*- exception Out_of_memory *)
|
|
(* Exception raised by the garbage collector
|
|
when there is insufficient memory to complete the computation. *)
|
|
(*- exception Stack_overflow *)
|
|
(* Exception raised by the bytecode interpreter when the evaluation
|
|
stack reaches its maximal size. This often indicates infinite
|
|
or excessively deep recursion in the user's program. *)
|
|
(*- exception Sys_error of string *)
|
|
(* Exception raised by the input/output functions to report
|
|
an operating system error. *)
|
|
(*- exception End_of_file *)
|
|
(* Exception raised by input functions to signal that the
|
|
end of file has been reached. *)
|
|
(*- exception Division_by_zero *)
|
|
(* Exception raised by division and remainder operations
|
|
when their second argument is null. *)
|
|
exception Exit
|
|
(* This exception is not raised by any library function. It is
|
|
provided for use in your programs. *)
|
|
(*- exception Sys_blocked_io *)
|
|
(* A special case of [Sys_error] raised when no I/O is possible
|
|
on a non-blocking I/O channel. *)
|
|
|
|
val invalid_arg: string -> 'a
|
|
(* Raise exception [Invalid_argument] with the given string. *)
|
|
val failwith: string -> 'a
|
|
(* Raise exception [Failure] with the given string. *)
|
|
|
|
(*** Comparisons *)
|
|
|
|
external (=) : 'a -> 'a -> bool = "%equal"
|
|
(* [e1 = e2] tests for structural equality of [e1] and [e2].
|
|
Mutable structures (e.g. references and arrays) are equal
|
|
if and only if their current contents are structurally equal,
|
|
even if the two mutable objects are not the same physical object.
|
|
Equality between functional values raises [Invalid_argument].
|
|
Equality between cyclic data structures may not terminate. *)
|
|
external (<>) : 'a -> 'a -> bool = "%notequal"
|
|
(* Negation of [(=)]. *)
|
|
external (<) : 'a -> 'a -> bool = "%lessthan"
|
|
external (>) : 'a -> 'a -> bool = "%greaterthan"
|
|
external (<=) : 'a -> 'a -> bool = "%lessequal"
|
|
external (>=) : 'a -> 'a -> bool = "%greaterequal"
|
|
(* Structural ordering functions. These functions coincide with
|
|
the usual orderings over integers, characters, strings
|
|
and floating-point numbers, and extend them to a
|
|
total ordering over all types.
|
|
The ordering is compatible with [(=)]. As in the case
|
|
of [(=)], mutable structures are compared by contents.
|
|
Comparison between functional values raises [Invalid_argument].
|
|
Comparison between cyclic structures may not terminate. *)
|
|
external compare: 'a -> 'a -> int = "compare"
|
|
(* [compare x y] returns [0] if [x=y], a negative integer if
|
|
[x<y], and a positive integer if [x>y]. The same restrictions
|
|
as for [=] apply. [compare] can be used as the comparison function
|
|
required by the [Set] and [Map] modules. *)
|
|
val min: 'a -> 'a -> 'a
|
|
(* Return the smaller of the two arguments. *)
|
|
val max: 'a -> 'a -> 'a
|
|
(* Return the greater of the two arguments. *)
|
|
external (==) : 'a -> 'a -> bool = "%eq"
|
|
(* [e1 == e2] tests for physical equality of [e1] and [e2].
|
|
On integers and characters, it is the same as structural
|
|
equality. On mutable structures, [e1 == e2] is true if and only if
|
|
physical modification of [e1] also affects [e2].
|
|
On non-mutable structures, the behavior of [(==)] is
|
|
implementation-dependent, except that [e1 == e2] implies
|
|
[e1 = e2]. *)
|
|
external (!=) : 'a -> 'a -> bool = "%noteq"
|
|
(* Negation of [(==)]. *)
|
|
|
|
(*** Boolean operations *)
|
|
|
|
external not : bool -> bool = "%boolnot"
|
|
(* The boolean negation. *)
|
|
external (&&) : bool -> bool -> bool = "%sequand"
|
|
external (&) : bool -> bool -> bool = "%sequand"
|
|
(* The boolean ``and''. Evaluation is sequential, left-to-right:
|
|
in [e1 && e2], [e1] is evaluated first, and if it returns [false],
|
|
[e2] is not evaluated at all. *)
|
|
external (||) : bool -> bool -> bool = "%sequor"
|
|
external (or) : bool -> bool -> bool = "%sequor"
|
|
(* The boolean ``or''. Evaluation is sequential, left-to-right:
|
|
in [e1 || e2], [e1] is evaluated first, and if it returns [true],
|
|
[e2] is not evaluated at all. *)
|
|
|
|
(*** Integer arithmetic *)
|
|
|
|
(* Integers are 31 bits wide (or 63 bits on 64-bit processors).
|
|
All operations are taken modulo $2^{31}$ (or $2^{63}$).
|
|
They do not fail on overflow. *)
|
|
|
|
external (~-) : int -> int = "%negint"
|
|
(* Unary negation. You can also write [-e] instead of [~-e]. *)
|
|
external succ : int -> int = "%succint"
|
|
(* [succ x] is [x+1]. *)
|
|
external pred : int -> int = "%predint"
|
|
(* [pred x] is [x-1]. *)
|
|
external (+) : int -> int -> int = "%addint"
|
|
(* Integer addition. *)
|
|
external (-) : int -> int -> int = "%subint"
|
|
(* Integer subtraction. *)
|
|
external ( * ) : int -> int -> int = "%mulint"
|
|
(* Integer multiplication. *)
|
|
external (/) : int -> int -> int = "%divint"
|
|
(* Integer division.
|
|
Raise [Division_by_zero] if the second argument is 0. *)
|
|
external (mod) : int -> int -> int = "%modint"
|
|
(* Integer remainder. If [x >= 0] and [y > 0], the result
|
|
of [x mod y] satisfies the following properties:
|
|
[0 <= x mod y < y] and
|
|
[x = (x / y) * y + x mod y].
|
|
If [y = 0], [x mod y] raises [Division_by_zero].
|
|
If [x < 0] or [y < 0], the result of [x mod y] is
|
|
not specified and depends on the platform. *)
|
|
val abs : int -> int
|
|
(* Return the absolute value of the argument. *)
|
|
val max_int: int
|
|
val min_int: int
|
|
(* The greatest and smallest representable integers. *)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(** Bitwise operations *)
|
|
|
|
external (land) : int -> int -> int = "%andint"
|
|
(* Bitwise logical and. *)
|
|
external (lor) : int -> int -> int = "%orint"
|
|
(* Bitwise logical or. *)
|
|
external (lxor) : int -> int -> int = "%xorint"
|
|
(* Bitwise logical exclusive or. *)
|
|
val lnot: int -> int
|
|
(* Bitwise logical negation. *)
|
|
external (lsl) : int -> int -> int = "%lslint"
|
|
(* [n lsl m] shifts [n] to the left by [m] bits. *)
|
|
external (lsr) : int -> int -> int = "%lsrint"
|
|
(* [n lsr m] shifts [n] to the right by [m] bits.
|
|
This is a logical shift: zeroes are inserted regardless of
|
|
the sign of [n].*)
|
|
external (asr) : int -> int -> int = "%asrint"
|
|
(* [n asr m] shifts [n] to the right by [m] bits.
|
|
This is an arithmetic shift: the sign bit of [n] is replicated. *)
|
|
|
|
(*** Floating-point arithmetic *)
|
|
|
|
(* On most platforms, Caml's floating-point numbers follow the
|
|
IEEE 754 standard, using double precision (64 bits) numbers.
|
|
Floating-point operations do not fail on overflow or underflow,
|
|
but return denormal numbers. *)
|
|
|
|
external (~-.) : float -> float = "%negfloat"
|
|
(* Unary negation. You can also write [-.e] instead of [~-.e]. *)
|
|
external (+.) : float -> float -> float = "%addfloat"
|
|
(* Floating-point addition *)
|
|
external (-.) : float -> float -> float = "%subfloat"
|
|
(* Floating-point subtraction *)
|
|
external ( *. ) : float -> float -> float = "%mulfloat"
|
|
(* Floating-point multiplication *)
|
|
external (/.) : float -> float -> float = "%divfloat"
|
|
(* Floating-point division. *)
|
|
external ( ** ) : float -> float -> float = "power_float" "pow" "float"
|
|
(* Exponentiation *)
|
|
external sqrt : float -> float = "sqrt_float" "sqrt" "float"
|
|
(* Square root *)
|
|
external exp : float -> float = "exp_float" "exp" "float"
|
|
external log : float -> float = "log_float" "log" "float"
|
|
external log10 : float -> float = "log10_float" "log10" "float"
|
|
(* Exponential, natural logarithm, base 10 logarithm. *)
|
|
external cos : float -> float = "cos_float" "cos" "float"
|
|
external sin : float -> float = "sin_float" "sin" "float"
|
|
external tan : float -> float = "tan_float" "tan" "float"
|
|
external acos : float -> float = "acos_float" "acos" "float"
|
|
external asin : float -> float = "asin_float" "asin" "float"
|
|
external atan : float -> float = "atan_float" "atan" "float"
|
|
external atan2 : float -> float -> float = "atan2_float" "atan2" "float"
|
|
(* The usual trignonmetric functions *)
|
|
external cosh : float -> float = "cosh_float" "cosh" "float"
|
|
external sinh : float -> float = "sinh_float" "sinh" "float"
|
|
external tanh : float -> float = "tanh_float" "tanh" "float"
|
|
(* The usual hyperbolic trigonometric functions *)
|
|
external ceil : float -> float = "ceil_float" "ceil" "float"
|
|
external floor : float -> float = "floor_float" "floor" "float"
|
|
(* Round the given float to an integer value.
|
|
[floor f] returns the greatest integer value less than or
|
|
equal to [f].
|
|
[ceil f] returns the least integer value greater than or
|
|
equal to [f]. *)
|
|
external abs_float : float -> float = "%absfloat"
|
|
(* Return the absolute value of the argument. *)
|
|
external mod_float : float -> float -> float = "fmod_float" "fmod" "float"
|
|
(* [mod_float a b] returns the remainder of [a] with respect to
|
|
[b]. The returned value is [a -. n *. b], where [n]
|
|
is the quotient [a /. b] rounded towards zero to an integer. *)
|
|
external frexp : float -> float * int = "frexp_float"
|
|
(* [frexp f] returns the pair of the significant
|
|
and the exponent of [f]. When [f] is zero, the
|
|
significant [x] and the exponent [n] of [f] are equal to
|
|
zero. When [f] is non-zero, they are defined by
|
|
[f = x *. 2 ** n] and [0.5 <= x < 1.0]. *)
|
|
external ldexp : float -> int -> float = "ldexp_float"
|
|
(* [ldexp x n] returns [x *. 2 ** n]. *)
|
|
external modf : float -> float * float = "modf_float"
|
|
(* [modf f] returns the pair of the fractional and integral
|
|
part of [f]. *)
|
|
external float : int -> float = "%floatofint"
|
|
external float_of_int : int -> float = "%floatofint"
|
|
(* Convert an integer to floating-point. *)
|
|
external truncate : float -> int = "%intoffloat"
|
|
external int_of_float : float -> int = "%intoffloat"
|
|
(* Truncate the given floating-point number to an integer.
|
|
The result is unspecified if it falls outside the
|
|
range of representable integers. *)
|
|
|
|
(*** String operations *)
|
|
|
|
(* More string operations are provided in module [String]. *)
|
|
|
|
val (^) : string -> string -> string
|
|
(* String concatenation. *)
|
|
|
|
(*** Character operations *)
|
|
|
|
(* More character operations are provided in module [Char]. *)
|
|
|
|
external int_of_char : char -> int = "%identity"
|
|
(* Return the ASCII code of the argument. *)
|
|
val char_of_int : int -> char
|
|
(* Return the character with the given ASCII code.
|
|
Raise [Invalid_argument "char_of_int"] if the argument is
|
|
outside the range 0--255. *)
|
|
|
|
(*** Unit operations *)
|
|
|
|
external ignore : 'a -> unit = "%ignore"
|
|
(* Discard the value of its argument and return [()].
|
|
For instance, [ignore(f x)] discards the result of
|
|
the side-effecting function [f]. It is equivalent to
|
|
[f x; ()], except that only a partial application warning
|
|
may be generated. *)
|
|
|
|
(*** String conversion functions *)
|
|
|
|
val string_of_bool : bool -> string
|
|
(* Return the string representation of a boolean. *)
|
|
val bool_of_string : string -> bool
|
|
(* Convert the given string to a boolean.
|
|
Raise [Invalid_argument "bool_of_string"] if the string is not
|
|
["true"] or ["false"]. *)
|
|
val string_of_int : int -> string
|
|
(* Return the string representation of an integer, in decimal. *)
|
|
external int_of_string : string -> int = "int_of_string"
|
|
(* Convert the given string to an integer.
|
|
The string is read in decimal (by default) or in hexadecimal,
|
|
octal or binary if the string begins with [0x], [0o] or [0b]
|
|
respectively.
|
|
Raise [Failure "int_of_string"] if the given string is not
|
|
a valid representation of an integer. *)
|
|
val string_of_float : float -> string
|
|
(* Return the string representation of a floating-point number. *)
|
|
external float_of_string : string -> float = "float_of_string"
|
|
(* Convert the given string to a float.
|
|
The result is unspecified if the given string is not
|
|
a valid representation of a float. *)
|
|
|
|
(*** Pair operations *)
|
|
|
|
external fst : 'a * 'b -> 'a = "%field0"
|
|
(* Return the first component of a pair. *)
|
|
external snd : 'a * 'b -> 'b = "%field1"
|
|
(* Return the second component of a pair. *)
|
|
|
|
(*** List operations *)
|
|
|
|
(* More list operations are provided in module [List]. *)
|
|
|
|
val (@) : 'a list -> 'a list -> 'a list
|
|
(* List concatenation. *)
|
|
|
|
(*** Input/output *)
|
|
|
|
type in_channel
|
|
type out_channel
|
|
(* The types of input channels and output channels. *)
|
|
|
|
val stdin : in_channel
|
|
val stdout : out_channel
|
|
val stderr : out_channel
|
|
(* The standard input, standard output, and standard error output
|
|
for the process. *)
|
|
|
|
(** Output functions on standard output *)
|
|
|
|
val print_char : char -> unit
|
|
(* Print a character on standard output. *)
|
|
val print_string : string -> unit
|
|
(* Print a string on standard output. *)
|
|
val print_int : int -> unit
|
|
(* Print an integer, in decimal, on standard output. *)
|
|
val print_float : float -> unit
|
|
(* Print a floating-point number, in decimal, on standard output. *)
|
|
val print_endline : string -> unit
|
|
(* Print a string, followed by a newline character, on
|
|
standard output. *)
|
|
val print_newline : unit -> unit
|
|
(* Print a newline character on standard output, and flush
|
|
standard output. This can be used to simulate line
|
|
buffering of standard output. *)
|
|
|
|
(** Output functions on standard error *)
|
|
|
|
val prerr_char : char -> unit
|
|
(* Print a character on standard error. *)
|
|
val prerr_string : string -> unit
|
|
(* Print a string on standard error. *)
|
|
val prerr_int : int -> unit
|
|
(* Print an integer, in decimal, on standard error. *)
|
|
val prerr_float : float -> unit
|
|
(* Print a floating-point number, in decimal, on standard error. *)
|
|
val prerr_endline : string -> unit
|
|
(* Print a string, followed by a newline character on standard error
|
|
and flush standard error. *)
|
|
val prerr_newline : unit -> unit
|
|
(* Print a newline character on standard error, and flush
|
|
standard error. *)
|
|
|
|
(** Input functions on standard input *)
|
|
|
|
val read_line : unit -> string
|
|
(* Flush standard output, then read characters from standard input
|
|
until a newline character is encountered. Return the string of
|
|
all characters read, without the newline character at the end. *)
|
|
val read_int : unit -> int
|
|
(* Flush standard output, then read one line from standard input
|
|
and convert it to an integer. Raise [Failure "int_of_string"]
|
|
if the line read is not a valid representation of an integer. *)
|
|
val read_float : unit -> float
|
|
(* Flush standard output, then read one line from standard input
|
|
and convert it to a floating-point number.
|
|
The result is unspecified if the line read is not a valid
|
|
representation of a floating-point number. *)
|
|
|
|
(** General output functions *)
|
|
|
|
type open_flag =
|
|
Open_rdonly | Open_wronly | Open_append
|
|
| Open_creat | Open_trunc | Open_excl
|
|
| Open_binary | Open_text | Open_nonblock
|
|
(* Opening modes for [open_out_gen] and [open_in_gen].
|
|
- [Open_rdonly]: open for reading.
|
|
- [Open_wronly]: open for writing.
|
|
- [Open_append]: open for appending.
|
|
- [Open_creat]: create the file if it does not exist.
|
|
- [Open_trunc]: empty the file if it already exists.
|
|
- [Open_excl]: fail if the file already exists.
|
|
- [Open_binary]: open in binary mode (no conversion).
|
|
- [Open_text]: open in text mode (may perform conversions).
|
|
- [Open_nonblock]: open in non-blocking mode. *)
|
|
|
|
val open_out : string -> out_channel
|
|
(* Open the named file for writing, and return a new output channel
|
|
on that file, positionned at the beginning of the file. The
|
|
file is truncated to zero length if it already exists. It
|
|
is created if it does not already exists.
|
|
Raise [Sys_error] if the file could not be opened. *)
|
|
val open_out_bin : string -> out_channel
|
|
(* Same as [open_out], but the file is opened in binary mode,
|
|
so that no translation takes place during writes. On operating
|
|
systems that do not distinguish between text mode and binary
|
|
mode, this function behaves like [open_out]. *)
|
|
val open_out_gen : mode:open_flag list -> perm:int -> string -> out_channel
|
|
(* Open the named file for writing, as above. The extra argument [mode]
|
|
specify the opening mode. The extra argument [perm] specifies
|
|
the file permissions, in case the file must be created.
|
|
[open_out] and [open_out_bin] are special cases of this function. *)
|
|
val flush : out_channel -> unit
|
|
(* Flush the buffer associated with the given output channel,
|
|
performing all pending writes on that channel.
|
|
Interactive programs must be careful about flushing standard
|
|
output and standard error at the right time. *)
|
|
val output_char : to:out_channel -> char -> unit
|
|
(* Write the character on the given output channel. *)
|
|
val output_string : to:out_channel -> string -> unit
|
|
(* Write the string on the given output channel. *)
|
|
val output : out_channel -> buf:string -> pos:int -> len:int -> unit
|
|
(* Write [len] characters from string [buf], starting at offset
|
|
[pos], to the given output channel.
|
|
Raise [Invalid_argument "output"] if [pos] and [len] do not
|
|
designate a valid substring of [buf]. *)
|
|
val output_byte : to:out_channel -> int -> unit
|
|
(* Write one 8-bit integer (as the single character with that code)
|
|
on the given output channel. The given integer is taken modulo
|
|
256. *)
|
|
val output_binary_int : to:out_channel -> int -> unit
|
|
(* Write one integer in binary format on the given output channel.
|
|
The only reliable way to read it back is through the
|
|
[input_binary_int] function. The format is compatible across
|
|
all machines for a given version of Objective Caml. *)
|
|
val output_value : to:out_channel -> 'a -> unit
|
|
(* Write the representation of a structured value of any type
|
|
to a channel. Circularities and sharing inside the value
|
|
are detected and preserved. The object can be read back,
|
|
by the function [input_value]. See the description of module
|
|
[Marshal] for more information. [output_value] is equivalent
|
|
to [Marshal.to_channel] with an empty list of flags. *)
|
|
val seek_out : out_channel -> pos:int -> unit
|
|
(* Set the current writing position to [pos] for the given channel.
|
|
This works only for regular files. On files of other kinds
|
|
(such as terminals, pipes and sockets), the behavior is
|
|
unspecified. *)
|
|
val pos_out : out_channel -> int
|
|
(* Return the current writing position for the given channel. *)
|
|
val out_channel_length : out_channel -> int
|
|
(* Return the total length (number of characters) of the
|
|
given channel. This works only for regular files. On files of
|
|
other kinds, the result is meaningless. *)
|
|
val close_out : out_channel -> unit
|
|
(* Close the given channel, flushing all buffered write operations.
|
|
The behavior is unspecified if any of the functions above is
|
|
called on a closed channel. *)
|
|
val set_binary_mode_out : out_channel -> bool -> unit
|
|
(* [set_binary_mode_out oc true] sets the channel [oc] to binary
|
|
mode: no translations take place during output.
|
|
[set_binary_mode_out oc false] sets the channel [oc] to text
|
|
mode: depending on the operating system, some translations
|
|
may take place during output. For instance, under Windows,
|
|
end-of-lines will be translated from [\n] to [\r\n].
|
|
This function has no effect under operating systems that
|
|
do not distinguish between text mode and binary mode. *)
|
|
|
|
(** General input functions *)
|
|
|
|
val open_in : string -> in_channel
|
|
(* Open the named file for reading, and return a new input channel
|
|
on that file, positionned at the beginning of the file.
|
|
Raise [Sys_error] if the file could not be opened. *)
|
|
val open_in_bin : string -> in_channel
|
|
(* Same as [open_in], but the file is opened in binary mode,
|
|
so that no translation takes place during reads. On operating
|
|
systems that do not distinguish between text mode and binary
|
|
mode, this function behaves like [open_in]. *)
|
|
val open_in_gen : mode:open_flag list -> perm:int -> string -> in_channel
|
|
(* Open the named file for reading, as above. The extra arguments
|
|
[mode] and [perm] specify the opening mode and file permissions.
|
|
[open_in] and [open_in_bin] are special cases of this function. *)
|
|
val input_char : in_channel -> char
|
|
(* Read one character from the given input channel.
|
|
Raise [End_of_file] if there are no more characters to read. *)
|
|
val input_line : in_channel -> string
|
|
(* Read characters from the given input channel, until a
|
|
newline character is encountered. Return the string of
|
|
all characters read, without the newline character at the end.
|
|
Raise [End_of_file] if the end of the file is reached
|
|
at the beginning of line. *)
|
|
val input : in_channel -> buf:string -> pos:int -> len:int -> int
|
|
(* Attempt to read [len] characters from the given channel,
|
|
storing them in string [buf], starting at character number [pos].
|
|
It returns the actual number of characters read, between 0 and
|
|
[len] (inclusive).
|
|
A return value of 0 means that the end of file was reached.
|
|
A return value between 0 and [len] exclusive means that
|
|
no more characters were available at that time; [input] must be
|
|
called again to read the remaining characters, if desired.
|
|
Exception [Invalid_argument "input"] is raised if [pos] and [len]
|
|
do not designate a valid substring of [buf]. *)
|
|
val really_input : in_channel -> buf:string -> pos:int -> len:int -> unit
|
|
(* Read [len] characters from the given channel, storing them in
|
|
string [buf], starting at character number [pos].
|
|
Raise [End_of_file] if the end of file is reached before [len]
|
|
characters have been read.
|
|
Raise [Invalid_argument "really_input"] if
|
|
[pos] and [len] do not designate a valid substring of [buf]. *)
|
|
val input_byte : in_channel -> int
|
|
(* Same as [input_char], but return the 8-bit integer representing
|
|
the character.
|
|
Raise [End_of_file] if an end of file was reached. *)
|
|
val input_binary_int : in_channel -> int
|
|
(* Read an integer encoded in binary format from the given input
|
|
channel. See [output_binary_int].
|
|
Raise [End_of_file] if an end of file was reached while reading the
|
|
integer. *)
|
|
val input_value : in_channel -> 'a
|
|
(* Read the representation of a structured value, as produced
|
|
by [output_value], and return the corresponding value.
|
|
This function is identical to [Marshal.from_channel];
|
|
see the description of module [Marshal] for more information,
|
|
in particular concerning the lack of type safety. *)
|
|
val seek_in : in_channel -> pos:int -> unit
|
|
(* Set the current reading position to [pos] for the given channel.
|
|
This works only for regular files. On files of other kinds,
|
|
the behavior is unspecified. *)
|
|
val pos_in : in_channel -> int
|
|
(* Return the current reading position for the given channel. *)
|
|
val in_channel_length : in_channel -> int
|
|
(* Return the total length (number of characters) of the
|
|
given channel. This works only for regular files. On files of
|
|
other kinds, the result is meaningless. *)
|
|
val close_in : in_channel -> unit
|
|
(* Close the given channel. Anything can happen if any of the
|
|
functions above is called on a closed channel. *)
|
|
val set_binary_mode_in : in_channel -> bool -> unit
|
|
(* [set_binary_mode_in ic true] sets the channel [ic] to binary
|
|
mode: no translations take place during input.
|
|
[set_binary_mode_out ic false] sets the channel [ic] to text
|
|
mode: depending on the operating system, some translations
|
|
may take place during input. For instance, under Windows,
|
|
end-of-lines will be translated from [\r\n] to [\n].
|
|
This function has no effect under operating systems that
|
|
do not distinguish between text mode and binary mode. *)
|
|
|
|
(*** References *)
|
|
|
|
type 'a ref = { mutable contents: 'a }
|
|
(* The type of references (mutable indirection cells) containing
|
|
a value of type ['a]. *)
|
|
external ref : 'a -> 'a ref = "%makemutable"
|
|
(* Return a fresh reference containing the given value. *)
|
|
external (!) : 'a ref -> 'a = "%field0"
|
|
(* [!r] returns the current contents of reference [r].
|
|
Equivalent to [fun r -> r.contents]. *)
|
|
external (:=) : 'a ref -> 'a -> unit = "%setfield0"
|
|
(* [r := a] stores the value of [a] in reference [r].
|
|
Equivalent to [fun r v -> r.contents <- v]. *)
|
|
external incr : int ref -> unit = "%incr"
|
|
(* Increment the integer contained in the given reference.
|
|
Equivalent to [fun r -> r := succ !r]. *)
|
|
external decr : int ref -> unit = "%decr"
|
|
(* Decrement the integer contained in the given reference.
|
|
Equivalent to [fun r -> r := pred !r]. *)
|
|
|
|
(*** Program termination *)
|
|
|
|
val exit : int -> 'a
|
|
(* Flush all pending writes on [stdout] and [stderr],
|
|
and terminate the process, returning the given status code
|
|
to the operating system (usually 0 to indicate no errors,
|
|
and a small positive integer to indicate failure.)
|
|
An implicit [exit 0] is performed each time a program
|
|
terminates normally (but not if it terminates because of
|
|
an uncaught exception). *)
|
|
|
|
val at_exit: (unit -> unit) -> unit
|
|
(* Register the given function to be called at program
|
|
termination time. The functions registered with [at_exit]
|
|
will be called when the program executes [exit].
|
|
They will not be called if the program
|
|
terminates because of an uncaught exception.
|
|
The functions are called in ``last in, first out'' order:
|
|
the function most recently added with [at_exit] is called first. *)
|
|
|
|
(*--*)
|
|
|
|
(*** For system use only, not for the casual user *)
|
|
|
|
val unsafe_really_input : in_channel -> string -> int -> int -> unit
|
|
|
|
val do_at_exit: unit -> unit
|