// Copyright (C) 2006-2009 by Kat'Oun
// This file is part of the "Irrlicht Engine".
// For conditions of distribution and use, see copyright notice in irrlicht.h

#ifndef __IRR_MAP_H_INCLUDED__
#define __IRR_MAP_H_INCLUDED__

#include "irrTypes.h"

namespace irr
{
namespace core
{

//! map template for associative arrays using a red-black tree
template <class KeyType, class ValueType>
class map
{
	//! red/black tree for map
	template <class KeyTypeRB, class ValueTypeRB>
	class RBTree
	{
	public:

		RBTree(const KeyTypeRB& k, const ValueTypeRB& v)
			: LeftChild(0), RightChild(0), Parent(0), Key(k),
				Value(v), IsRed(true) {}

		void setLeftChild(RBTree* p)
		{
			LeftChild=p;
			if (p)
				p->setParent(this);
		}

		void setRightChild(RBTree* p)
		{
			RightChild=p;
			if (p)
				p->setParent(this);
		}

		void setParent(RBTree* p)		{ Parent=p; }

		void setValue(const ValueTypeRB& v)	{ Value = v; }

		void setRed()			{ IsRed = true; }
		void setBlack()			{ IsRed = false; }

		RBTree* getLeftChild() const	{ return LeftChild; }
		RBTree* getRightChild() const	{ return RightChild; }
		RBTree* getParent() const	{ return Parent; }

		ValueTypeRB getValue() const
		{
			_IRR_IMPLEMENT_MANAGED_MARSHALLING_BUGFIX;
			return Value;
		}

		KeyTypeRB getKey() const
		{
			_IRR_IMPLEMENT_MANAGED_MARSHALLING_BUGFIX;
			return Key;
		}

		bool isRoot() const
		{
			_IRR_IMPLEMENT_MANAGED_MARSHALLING_BUGFIX;
			return Parent==0;
		}

		bool isLeftChild() const
		{
			_IRR_IMPLEMENT_MANAGED_MARSHALLING_BUGFIX;
			return (Parent != 0) && (Parent->getLeftChild()==this);
		}

		bool isRightChild() const
		{
			_IRR_IMPLEMENT_MANAGED_MARSHALLING_BUGFIX;
			return (Parent!=0) && (Parent->getRightChild()==this);
		}

		bool isLeaf() const
		{
			_IRR_IMPLEMENT_MANAGED_MARSHALLING_BUGFIX;
			return (LeftChild==0) && (RightChild==0);
		}

		unsigned int getLevel() const
		{
			if (isRoot())
				return 1;
			else
				return getParent()->getLevel() + 1;
		}


		bool isRed() const
		{
			_IRR_IMPLEMENT_MANAGED_MARSHALLING_BUGFIX;
			return IsRed;
		}

		bool isBlack() const
		{
			_IRR_IMPLEMENT_MANAGED_MARSHALLING_BUGFIX;
			return !IsRed;
		}

	private:
		RBTree();

		RBTree*		LeftChild;
		RBTree*		RightChild;

		RBTree*		Parent;

		KeyTypeRB	Key;
		ValueTypeRB	Value;

		bool IsRed;
	}; // RBTree

	public:

	typedef RBTree<KeyType,ValueType> Node;

	//! Normal Iterator
	class Iterator
	{
	public:

		Iterator() : Root(0), Cur(0) {}

		// Constructor(Node*)
		Iterator(Node* root) : Root(root)
		{
			reset();
		}

		// Copy constructor
		Iterator(const Iterator& src) : Root(src.Root), Cur(src.Cur) {}

		void reset(bool atLowest=true)
		{
			if (atLowest)
				Cur = getMin(Root);
			else
				Cur = getMax(Root);
		}

		bool atEnd() const
		{
			_IRR_IMPLEMENT_MANAGED_MARSHALLING_BUGFIX;
			return Cur==0;
		}

		Node* getNode()
		{
			return Cur;
		}

		Iterator& operator=(const Iterator& src)
		{
			Root = src.Root;
			Cur = src.Cur;
			return (*this);
		}

		void operator++(int)
		{
			inc();
		}

		void operator--(int)
		{
			dec();
		}


		Node* operator -> ()
		{
			return getNode();
		}

		Node& operator* ()
		{
			_IRR_DEBUG_BREAK_IF(atEnd()) // access violation

			return *Cur;
		}

	private:

		Node* getMin(Node* n)
		{
			while(n && n->getLeftChild())
				n = n->getLeftChild();
			return n;
		}

		Node* getMax(Node* n)
		{
			while(n && n->getRightChild())
				n = n->getRightChild();
			return n;
		}

		void inc()
		{
			// Already at end?
			if (Cur==0)
				return;

			if (Cur->getRightChild())
			{
				// If current node has a right child, the next higher node is the
				// node with lowest key beneath the right child.
				Cur = getMin(Cur->getRightChild());
			}
			else if (Cur->isLeftChild())
			{
				// No right child? Well if current node is a left child then
				// the next higher node is the parent
				Cur = Cur->getParent();
			}
			else
			{
				// Current node neither is left child nor has a right child.
				// Ie it is either right child or root
				// The next higher node is the parent of the first non-right
				// child (ie either a left child or the root) up in the
				// hierarchy. Root's parent is 0.
				while(Cur->isRightChild())
					Cur = Cur->getParent();
				Cur = Cur->getParent();
			}
		}

		void dec()
		{
			// Already at end?
			if (Cur==0)
				return;

			if (Cur->getLeftChild())
			{
				// If current node has a left child, the next lower node is the
				// node with highest key beneath the left child.
				Cur = getMax(Cur->getLeftChild());
			}
			else if (Cur->isRightChild())
			{
				// No left child? Well if current node is a right child then
				// the next lower node is the parent
				Cur = Cur->getParent();
			}
			else
			{
				// Current node neither is right child nor has a left child.
				// Ie it is either left child or root
				// The next higher node is the parent of the first non-left
				// child (ie either a right child or the root) up in the
				// hierarchy. Root's parent is 0.

				while(Cur->isLeftChild())
					Cur = Cur->getParent();
				Cur = Cur->getParent();
			}
		}

		Node* Root;
		Node* Cur;
	}; // Iterator



	//! Parent First Iterator.
	/** Traverses the tree from top to bottom. Typical usage is
	when storing the tree structure, because when reading it
	later (and inserting elements) the tree structure will
	be the same. */
	class ParentFirstIterator
	{
	public:


	ParentFirstIterator() : Root(0), Cur(0)
	{
	}


	explicit ParentFirstIterator(Node* root) : Root(root), Cur(0)
	{
		reset();
	}

	void reset()
	{
		Cur = Root;
	}


	bool atEnd() const
	{
		_IRR_IMPLEMENT_MANAGED_MARSHALLING_BUGFIX;
		return Cur==0;
	}

	Node* getNode()
	{
		return Cur;
	}


	ParentFirstIterator& operator=(const ParentFirstIterator& src)
	{
		Root = src.Root;
		Cur = src.Cur;
		return (*this);
	}


	void operator++(int)
	{
		inc();
	}


	Node* operator -> ()
	{
		return getNode();
	}

	Node& operator* ()
	{
		_IRR_DEBUG_BREAK_IF(atEnd()) // access violation

		return *getNode();
	}

	private:

	void inc()
	{
		// Already at end?
		if (Cur==0)
			return;

		// First we try down to the left
		if (Cur->getLeftChild())
		{
			Cur = Cur->getLeftChild();
		}
		else if (Cur->getRightChild())
		{
			// No left child? The we go down to the right.
			Cur = Cur->getRightChild();
		}
		else
		{
			// No children? Move up in the hierarcy until
			// we either reach 0 (and are finished) or
			// find a right uncle.
			while (Cur!=0)
			{
				// But if parent is left child and has a right "uncle" the parent
				// has already been processed but the uncle hasn't. Move to
				// the uncle.
				if (Cur->isLeftChild() && Cur->getParent()->getRightChild())
				{
					Cur = Cur->getParent()->getRightChild();
					return;
				}
				Cur = Cur->getParent();
			}
		}
	}

	Node* Root;
	Node* Cur;

	}; // ParentFirstIterator


	//! Parent Last Iterator
	/** Traverse the tree from bottom to top.
	Typical usage is when deleting all elements in the tree
	because you must delete the children before you delete
	their parent. */
	class ParentLastIterator
	{
	public:

		ParentLastIterator() : Root(0), Cur(0) {}

		explicit ParentLastIterator(Node* root) : Root(root), Cur(0)
		{
			reset();
		}

		void reset()
		{
			Cur = getMin(Root);
		}

		bool atEnd() const
		{
			_IRR_IMPLEMENT_MANAGED_MARSHALLING_BUGFIX;
			return Cur==0;
		}

		Node* getNode()
		{
			return Cur;
		}

		ParentLastIterator& operator=(const ParentLastIterator& src)
		{
			Root = src.Root;
			Cur = src.Cur;
			return (*this);
		}

		void operator++(int)
		{
			inc();
		}

		Node* operator -> ()
		{
			return getNode();
		}

		Node& operator* ()
		{
			_IRR_DEBUG_BREAK_IF(atEnd()) // access violation

			return *getNode();
		}
	private:

		Node* getMin(Node* n)
		{
			while(n!=0 && (n->getLeftChild()!=0 || n->getRightChild()!=0))
			{
				if (n->getLeftChild())
					n = n->getLeftChild();
				else
					n = n->getRightChild();
			}
			return n;
		}

		void inc()
		{
			// Already at end?
			if (Cur==0)
				return;

			// Note: Starting point is the node as far down to the left as possible.

			// If current node has an uncle to the right, go to the
			// node as far down to the left from the uncle as possible
			// else just go up a level to the parent.
			if (Cur->isLeftChild() && Cur->getParent()->getRightChild())
			{
				Cur = getMin(Cur->getParent()->getRightChild());
			}
			else
				Cur = Cur->getParent();
		}

		Node* Root;
		Node* Cur;
	}; // ParentLastIterator


	// AccessClass is a temporary class used with the [] operator.
	// It makes it possible to have different behavior in situations like:
	// myTree["Foo"] = 32;
	// If "Foo" already exists update its value else insert a new element.
	// int i = myTree["Foo"]
	// If "Foo" exists return its value.
	class AccessClass
	{
		// Let map be the only one who can instantiate this class.
		friend class map<KeyType, ValueType>;

	public:

		// Assignment operator. Handles the myTree["Foo"] = 32; situation
		void operator=(const ValueType& value)
		{
			// Just use the Set method, it handles already exist/not exist situation
			Tree.set(Key,value);
		}

		// ValueType operator
		operator ValueType()
		{
			Node* node = Tree.find(Key);

			// Not found
			_IRR_DEBUG_BREAK_IF(node==0) // access violation

			_IRR_IMPLEMENT_MANAGED_MARSHALLING_BUGFIX;
			return node->getValue();
		}

	private:

		AccessClass(map& tree, const KeyType& key) : Tree(tree), Key(key) {}

		AccessClass();

		map& Tree;
		const KeyType& Key;
	}; // AccessClass


	// Constructor.
	map() : Root(0), Size(0) {}

	// Destructor
	~map()
	{
		clear();
	}

	//------------------------------
	// Public Commands
	//------------------------------

	//! Inserts a new node into the tree
	/** \param keyNew: the index for this value
	\param v: the value to insert
	\return True if successful, false if it fails (already exists) */
	bool insert(const KeyType& keyNew, const ValueType& v)
	{
		// First insert node the "usual" way (no fancy balance logic yet)
		Node* newNode = new Node(keyNew,v);
		if (!insert(newNode))
		{
			delete newNode;
			_IRR_IMPLEMENT_MANAGED_MARSHALLING_BUGFIX;
			return false;
		}

		// Then attend a balancing party
		while (!newNode->isRoot() && (newNode->getParent()->isRed()))
		{
			if (newNode->getParent()->isLeftChild())
			{
				// If newNode is a left child, get its right 'uncle'
				Node* newNodesUncle = newNode->getParent()->getParent()->getRightChild();
				if ( newNodesUncle!=0 && newNodesUncle->isRed())
				{
					// case 1 - change the colours
					newNode->getParent()->setBlack();
					newNodesUncle->setBlack();
					newNode->getParent()->getParent()->setRed();
					// Move newNode up the tree
					newNode = newNode->getParent()->getParent();
				}
				else
				{
					// newNodesUncle is a black node
					if ( newNode->isRightChild())
					{
						// and newNode is to the right
						// case 2 - move newNode up and rotate
						newNode = newNode->getParent();
						rotateLeft(newNode);
					}
					// case 3
					newNode->getParent()->setBlack();
					newNode->getParent()->getParent()->setRed();
					rotateRight(newNode->getParent()->getParent());
				}
			}
			else
			{
				// If newNode is a right child, get its left 'uncle'
				Node* newNodesUncle = newNode->getParent()->getParent()->getLeftChild();
				if ( newNodesUncle!=0 && newNodesUncle->isRed())
				{
					// case 1 - change the colours
					newNode->getParent()->setBlack();
					newNodesUncle->setBlack();
					newNode->getParent()->getParent()->setRed();
					// Move newNode up the tree
					newNode = newNode->getParent()->getParent();
				}
				else
				{
					// newNodesUncle is a black node
					if (newNode->isLeftChild())
					{
						// and newNode is to the left
						// case 2 - move newNode up and rotate
						newNode = newNode->getParent();
						rotateRight(newNode);
					}
					// case 3
					newNode->getParent()->setBlack();
					newNode->getParent()->getParent()->setRed();
					rotateLeft(newNode->getParent()->getParent());
				}

			}
		}
		// Color the root black
		Root->setBlack();
		return true;
	}

	//! Replaces the value if the key already exists, otherwise inserts a new element.
	/** \param k The index for this value
	\param v The new value of */
	void set(const KeyType& k, const ValueType& v)
	{
		Node* p = find(k);
		if (p)
			p->setValue(v);
		else
			insert(k,v);
	}

	//! Removes a node from the tree and returns it.
	/** The returned node must be deleted by the user
	\param k the key to remove
	\return A pointer to the node, or 0 if not found */
	Node* delink(const KeyType& k)
	{
		Node* p = find(k);
		if (p == 0)
			return 0;

		// Rotate p down to the left until it has no right child, will get there
		// sooner or later.
		while(p->getRightChild())
		{
			// "Pull up my right child and let it knock me down to the left"
			rotateLeft(p);
		}
		// p now has no right child but might have a left child
		Node* left = p->getLeftChild();

		// Let p's parent point to p's child instead of point to p
		if (p->isLeftChild())
			p->getParent()->setLeftChild(left);

		else if (p->isRightChild())
			p->getParent()->setRightChild(left);

		else
		{
			// p has no parent => p is the root.
			// Let the left child be the new root.
			setRoot(left);
		}

		// p is now gone from the tree in the sense that
		// no one is pointing at it, so return it.

		--Size;
		return p;
	}

	//! Removes a node from the tree and deletes it.
	/** \return True if the node was found and deleted */
	bool remove(const KeyType& k)
	{
		Node* p = find(k);
		if (p == 0)
		{
			_IRR_IMPLEMENT_MANAGED_MARSHALLING_BUGFIX;
			return false;
		}

		// Rotate p down to the left until it has no right child, will get there
		// sooner or later.
		while(p->getRightChild())
		{
			// "Pull up my right child and let it knock me down to the left"
			rotateLeft(p);
		}
		// p now has no right child but might have a left child
		Node* left = p->getLeftChild();

		// Let p's parent point to p's child instead of point to p
		if (p->isLeftChild())
			p->getParent()->setLeftChild(left);

		else if (p->isRightChild())
			p->getParent()->setRightChild(left);

		else
		{
			// p has no parent => p is the root.
			// Let the left child be the new root.
			setRoot(left);
		}

		// p is now gone from the tree in the sense that
		// no one is pointing at it. Let's get rid of it.
		delete p;

		--Size;
		return true;
	}

	//! Clear the entire tree
	void clear()
	{
		ParentLastIterator i(getParentLastIterator());

		while(!i.atEnd())
		{
			Node* p = i.getNode();
			i++; // Increment it before it is deleted
				// else iterator will get quite confused.
			delete p;
		}
		Root = 0;
		Size= 0;
	}

	//! Is the tree empty?
	//! \return Returns true if empty, false if not
	bool isEmpty() const
	{
		_IRR_IMPLEMENT_MANAGED_MARSHALLING_BUGFIX;
		return Root == 0;
	}

	//! Search for a node with the specified key.
	//! \param keyToFind: The key to find
	//! \return Returns 0 if node couldn't be found.
	Node* find(const KeyType& keyToFind) const
	{
		Node* pNode = Root;

		while(pNode!=0)
		{
			KeyType key(pNode->getKey());

			if (keyToFind == key)
				return pNode;
			else if (keyToFind < key)
				pNode = pNode->getLeftChild();
			else //keyToFind > key
				pNode = pNode->getRightChild();
		}

		return 0;
	}

	//! Gets the root element.
	//! \return Returns a pointer to the root node, or
	//! 0 if the tree is empty.
	Node* getRoot() const
	{
		return Root;
	}

	//! Returns the number of nodes in the tree.
	u32 size() const
	{
		return Size;
	}

	//------------------------------
	// Public Iterators
	//------------------------------

	//! Returns an iterator
	Iterator getIterator()
	{
		Iterator it(getRoot());
		return it;
	}
	//! Returns a ParentFirstIterator.
	//! Traverses the tree from top to bottom. Typical usage is
	//! when storing the tree structure, because when reading it
	//! later (and inserting elements) the tree structure will
	//! be the same.
	ParentFirstIterator getParentFirstIterator()
	{
		ParentFirstIterator it(getRoot());
		return it;
	}
	//! Returns a ParentLastIterator to traverse the tree from
	//! bottom to top.
	//! Typical usage is when deleting all elements in the tree
	//! because you must delete the children before you delete
	//! their parent.
	ParentLastIterator getParentLastIterator()
	{
		ParentLastIterator it(getRoot());
		return it;
	}

	//------------------------------
	// Public Operators
	//------------------------------

	//! operator [] for access to elements
	/** for example myMap["key"] */
	AccessClass operator[](const KeyType& k)
	{
		return AccessClass(*this, k);
	}
	private:

	//------------------------------
	// Disabled methods
	//------------------------------
	// Copy constructor and assignment operator deliberately
	// defined but not implemented. The tree should never be
	// copied, pass along references to it instead.
	explicit map(const map& src);
	map& operator = (const map& src);

	//! Set node as new root.
	/** The node will be set to black, otherwise core dumps may arise
	(patch provided by rogerborg).
	\param newRoot Node which will be the new root
	*/
	void setRoot(Node* newRoot)
	{
		Root = newRoot;
		if (Root != 0)
		{
			Root->setParent(0);
			Root->setBlack();
		}
	}

	//! Insert a node into the tree without using any fancy balancing logic.
	/** \return false if that key already exist in the tree. */
	bool insert(Node* newNode)
	{
		bool result=true; // Assume success

		if (Root==0)
		{
			setRoot(newNode);
			Size = 1;
		}
		else
		{
			Node* pNode = Root;
			KeyType keyNew = newNode->getKey();
			while (pNode)
			{
				KeyType key(pNode->getKey());

				if (keyNew == key)
				{
					result = false;
					pNode = 0;
				}
				else if (keyNew < key)
				{
					if (pNode->getLeftChild() == 0)
					{
						pNode->setLeftChild(newNode);
						pNode = 0;
					}
					else
						pNode = pNode->getLeftChild();
				}
				else // keyNew > key
				{
					if (pNode->getRightChild()==0)
					{
						pNode->setRightChild(newNode);
						pNode = 0;
					}
					else
					{
						pNode = pNode->getRightChild();
					}
				}
			}

			if (result)
				++Size;
		}

		_IRR_IMPLEMENT_MANAGED_MARSHALLING_BUGFIX;
		return result;
	}

	//! Rotate left.
	//! Pull up node's right child and let it knock node down to the left
	void rotateLeft(Node* p)
	{
		Node* right = p->getRightChild();

		p->setRightChild(right->getLeftChild());

		if (p->isLeftChild())
			p->getParent()->setLeftChild(right);
		else if (p->isRightChild())
			p->getParent()->setRightChild(right);
		else
			setRoot(right);

		right->setLeftChild(p);
	}

	//! Rotate right.
	//! Pull up node's left child and let it knock node down to the right
	void rotateRight(Node* p)
	{
		Node* left = p->getLeftChild();

		p->setLeftChild(left->getRightChild());

		if (p->isLeftChild())
			p->getParent()->setLeftChild(left);
		else if (p->isRightChild())
			p->getParent()->setRightChild(left);
		else
			setRoot(left);

		left->setRightChild(p);
	}

	//------------------------------
	// Private Members
	//------------------------------
	Node* Root; // The top node. 0 if empty.
	u32 Size; // Number of nodes in the tree
};

} // end namespace core
} // end namespace irr

#endif // __IRR_MAP_H_INCLUDED__