diff --git a/classes/Gun.lua b/classes/Gun.lua
index 0467fb6..61b0cb3 100644
--- a/classes/Gun.lua
+++ b/classes/Gun.lua
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 local Vec = vector
-local gun = {
+local gun_default = {
     --itemstack = Itemstack
     --gun_entity = ObjRef
     name = "__template__",
     registered = {},
+    property_modifiers = {},
     properties = {
         hip = {
             offset = Vec.new(),
@@ -55,12 +56,11 @@ local gun = {
         flash_offset = Vec.new(),
         aim_time = 1,
         firerateRPM = 10000,
-        controls = {}
+        controls = {},
+        accepted_mags = {}
     },
     offsets = {
-        pos = Vec.new(),
         player_rotation = Vec.new(),
-        dir = Vec.new(),
         --I'll need all three of them, do some precalculation.
         total_offset_rotation = {
             gun_axial = Vec.new(),
@@ -93,9 +93,6 @@ local gun = {
             player_axial = Vec.new(),
         },
     },
-    particle_spawners = {
-        --muzzle_smoke
-    },
     --magic number BEGONE
     consts = {
         HIP_PLAYER_GUN_ROT_RATIO = .75,
@@ -106,7 +103,9 @@ local gun = {
         HAS_BREATHING = true,
         HAS_SWAY = true,
         HAS_WAG = true,
+        INFINITE_AMMO_IN_CREATIVE = true,
     },
+    particle_spawners = {},
     walking_tick = 0,
     time_since_last_fire = 0,
     time_since_creation = 0,
@@ -114,7 +113,9 @@ local gun = {
     muzzle_flash = Guns4d.muzzle_flash
 }
 
-function gun:fire()
+function gun_default:spend_round()
+end
+function gun_default:fire()
     assert(self.instance, "attempt to call object method on a class")
     if self.rechamber_time <= 0 then
         local dir = self.dir
@@ -138,7 +139,7 @@ function gun:fire()
     end
 end
 
-function gun:recoil()
+function gun_default:recoil()
     assert(self.instance, "attempt to call object method on a class")
     for axis, recoil in pairs(self.velocities.recoil) do
         for _, i in pairs({"x","y"}) do
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ function gun:recoil()
     self.time_since_last_fire = 0
 end
 
-function gun:get_dir(rltv)
+function gun_default:get_dir(rltv)
         assert(self.instance, "attempt to call object method on a class")
         local player = self.player
         local player_rotation
@@ -161,24 +162,11 @@ function gun:get_dir(rltv)
         local dir = Vec.new(Vec.rotate({x=0, y=0, z=1}, {y=0, x=((rotation.gun_axial.x+rotation.player_axial.x+player_rotation.x)*math.pi/180), z=0}))
         dir = Vec.rotate(dir, {y=((rotation.gun_axial.y+rotation.player_axial.y+player_rotation.y)*math.pi/180), x=0, z=0})
         local hud_pos = dir+player:get_pos()+{x=0,y=player:get_properties().eye_height,z=0}+vector.rotate(player:get_eye_offset()/10, {x=0,y=player_rotation.y*math.pi/180,z=0})
-        if not false then
-            local hud = player:hud_add({
-                hud_elem_type = "image_waypoint",
-                text = "muzzle_flash2.png",
-                world_pos =  hud_pos,
-                scale = {x=10, y=10},
-                alignment = {x=0,y=0},
-                offset = {x=0,y=0},
-            })
-            minetest.after(0, function(hud)
-                player:hud_remove(hud)
-            end, hud)
-        end
     return dir
 end
 
 
-function gun:get_pos(added_pos)
+function gun_default:get_pos(added_pos)
     assert(self.instance, "attempt to call object method on a class")
     added_pos = Vec.new(added_pos)
     local player = self.player
@@ -217,7 +205,7 @@ function gun:get_pos(added_pos)
     return bone_pos+gun_offset+handler:get_pos(), bone_pos, gun_offset
 end
 
-function gun:add_entity()
+function gun_default:add_entity()
     assert(self.instance, "attempt to call object method on a class")
     self.entity = minetest.add_entity(self.player:get_pos(), self.name.."_visual")
     local obj = self.entity:get_luaentity()
@@ -225,7 +213,7 @@ function gun:add_entity()
     obj:on_step()
 end
 
-function gun:has_entity()
+function gun_default:has_entity()
     assert(self.instance, "attempt to call object method on a class")
     if not self.entity then return false end
     if not self.entity:get_pos() then return false end
@@ -233,7 +221,7 @@ function gun:has_entity()
 end
 
 --update the gun, da meat and da potatoes
-function gun:update(dt)
+function gun_default:update(dt)
     assert(self.instance, "attempt to call object method on a class")
     if not self:has_entity() then self:add_entity() end
     self.pos = self:get_pos()
@@ -269,11 +257,6 @@ function gun:update(dt)
 
     --sprite scope
     if self.properties.sprite_scope then
-        if not self.sprite_scope then
-            self.sprite_scope = self.properties.sprite_scope:new({
-                gun = self
-            })
-        end
         self.sprite_scope:update()
     end
 
@@ -282,7 +265,8 @@ function gun:update(dt)
     total_rot.player_axial = offsets.recoil.player_axial + offsets.walking.player_axial + offsets.sway.player_axial + {x=offsets.breathing.player_axial,y=0,z=0} + {x=0,y=0,z=0}
     total_rot.gun_axial    = offsets.recoil.gun_axial    + offsets.walking.gun_axial    + offsets.sway.gun_axial
 end
-function gun:update_wag(dt)
+
+function gun_default:update_wag(dt)
     local handler = self.handler
     if handler.walking then
         self.walking_tick = self.walking_tick + (dt*Vec.length(self.player:get_velocity()))
@@ -314,7 +298,8 @@ function gun:update_wag(dt)
         end
     end
 end
-function gun:update_recoil(dt)
+
+function gun_default:update_recoil(dt)
     for axis, _ in pairs(self.offsets.recoil) do
         for _, i in pairs({"x","y"}) do
             local recoil = self.offsets.recoil[axis][i]
@@ -351,7 +336,8 @@ function gun:update_recoil(dt)
         end
     end
 end
-function gun:update_breathing(dt)
+
+function gun_default:update_breathing(dt)
     local breathing_info = {pause=1.4, rate=4.2}
     --we want X to be between 0 and 4.2. Since math.pi is a positive crest, we want X to be above it before it reaches our-
     --"length" (aka rate-pause), thus it will pi/length or pi/(rate-pause) will represent out slope of our control.
@@ -364,7 +350,8 @@ function gun:update_breathing(dt)
         self.offsets.breathing.player_axial = scale*(math.sin(x))
     end
 end
-function gun:update_sway(dt)
+
+function gun_default:update_sway(dt)
     for axis, sway in pairs(self.offsets.sway) do
         local sway_vel = self.velocities.sway[axis]
         local ran
@@ -384,18 +371,25 @@ function gun:update_sway(dt)
         self.velocities.sway[axis] = sway_vel
     end
 end
-function gun:prepare_deletion()
+
+function gun_default:prepare_deletion()
     assert(self.instance, "attempt to call object method on a class")
     if self:has_entity() then self.entity:remove() end
     if self.sprite_scope then self.sprite_scope:prepare_deletion() end
 end
---construction for the gun class
-gun.construct = function(def)
+--construction for the base gun class
+gun_default.construct = function(def)
     if def.instance then
-        --remember to give gun an id
-        assert(def.itemstack, "no itemstack provided for initialized object")
-        assert(def.player, "no player provided")
+        --make some quick checks.
+        assert(def.handler, "no player handler object provided")
+
+        --initialize some variables
+        def.player = def.handler.player
         local meta = def.itemstack:get_meta()
+        def.meta = meta
+        local out = {}
+
+        --create ID so we can track switches between weapons
         if meta:get_string("guns4d_id") == "" then
             local id = tostring(Unique_id.generate())
             meta:set_string("guns4d_id", id)
@@ -404,30 +398,55 @@ gun.construct = function(def)
         else
             def.id = meta:get_string("guns4d_id")
         end
-        --make sure there's nothing missing, aka copy over all of the properties.
-        def.properties = table.fill(gun.properties, def.properties)
-        --so, we copy the offsets table so we have all of the offsets
-        --then we create new vectors for gun_axial and player_axial.
-        def.offsets = table.deep_copy(gun.offsets)
-        for i, tbl in pairs(def.offsets) do
-            if tbl.gun_axial and tbl.player_axial and (not i=="breathing") then
-                tbl.gun_axial = Vec.new(tbl.gun_axial)
-                tbl.player_axial = Vec.new(tbl.player_axial)
+
+        --unavoidable table instancing
+        def.properties = table.fill(def.base_class.properties, def.properties)
+        def.particle_spawners = {} --Instantiatable_class only shallow copies. So tables will not change, and thus some need to be initialized.
+        def.property_modifiers = {}
+
+        --initialize all offsets
+       --def.offsets = table.deep_copy(def.base_class.offsets)
+        def.offsets = {}
+        for i, tbl in pairs(def.base_class.offsets) do
+            if (tbl.gun_axial and tbl.player_axial) then
+                local ty = type(tbl.gun_axial)
+                if (ty=="table") and tbl.gun_axial.x and tbl.gun_axial.y and tbl.gun_axial.z then
+                    def.offsets[i] = {}
+                    def.offsets[i].gun_axial = Vec.new()
+                    def.offsets[i].player_axial = Vec.new()
+                else
+                    def.offsets[i] = {}
+                    def.offsets[i] = table.deep_copy(def.offsets[i])
+                end
+            elseif tbl.x and tbl.y and tbl.z then
+                def.offsets[i] = Vec.new()
             end
         end
-        def.velocities = table.deep_copy(gun.velocities)
-        for i, tbl in pairs(def.velocities) do
+
+
+        --def.velocities = table.deep_copy(def.base_class.velocities)
+        def.velocities = {}
+        for i, tbl in pairs(def.base_class.velocities) do
+            def.velocities[i] = {}
             if tbl.gun_axial and tbl.player_axial then
-                tbl.gun_axial = Vec.new(tbl.gun_axial)
-                tbl.player_axial = Vec.new(tbl.player_axial)
+                def.velocities[i].gun_axial = Vec.new()
+                def.velocities[i].player_axial = Vec.new()
             end
         end
+        --properties have been assigned, create necessary objects
+        if def.properties.sprite_scope then
+            if not def.sprite_scope then
+                def.sprite_scope = def.properties.sprite_scope:new({
+                    gun = def
+                })
+            end
+        end
+
     elseif def.name ~= "__template__" then
         local props = def.properties
         assert(def.name, "no name provided")
         assert(def.itemstring, "no itemstring provided")
         assert(minetest.registered_items[def.itemstring], "item is not registered, check dependencies.")
-
         --override methods so control handler can do it's job
         local old_on_use = minetest.registered_items[def.itemstring].on_use
         local old_on_s_use = minetest.registered_items[def.itemstring].on_secondary_use
@@ -445,8 +464,9 @@ gun.construct = function(def)
                 Guns4d.players[user:get_player_name()].handler.control_handler:on_secondary_use(itemstack, pointed_thing)
             end
         })
+        def.properties = table.fill(def.parent_class.properties, def.properties or {})
+        def.consts = table.fill(def.parent_class.consts, def.consts or {})
 
-        --(this tableref is ephermeral after constructor is called, see instantiatable_class)
         Guns4d.gun.registered[def.name] = def
         minetest.register_entity(def.name.."_visual", {
             initial_properties = {
@@ -480,14 +500,14 @@ gun.construct = function(def)
                 if handler.control_bools.ads  then
 
                     local normal_pos = (props.ads.offset+Vec.new(props.ads.horizontal_offset,0,0))*10
-                    obj:set_attach(player, gun.consts.AIMING_BONE, normal_pos, -axial_rot, visibility)
+                    obj:set_attach(player, lua_object.consts.AIMING_BONE, normal_pos, -axial_rot, visibility)
                 else
                     local normal_pos = Vec.new(props.hip.offset)*10
                     -- Vec.multiply({x=normal_pos.x, y=normal_pos.z, z=-normal_pos.y}, 10)
-                    obj:set_attach(player, gun.consts.HIPFIRE_BONE, normal_pos, -axial_rot, visibility)
+                    obj:set_attach(player, lua_object.consts.HIPFIRE_BONE, normal_pos, -axial_rot, visibility)
                 end
             end
         })
     end
 end
-Guns4d.gun = Instantiatable_class:inherit(gun)
\ No newline at end of file
+Guns4d.gun = Instantiatable_class:inherit(gun_default)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/classes/Gun_ammo.lua b/classes/Gun_ammo.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..daa9e1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/classes/Gun_ammo.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+Gun_ammo = Instantiatable_class:inherit({
+    name = "Gun_ammo_handler",
+    construct = function(def)
+        assert(def.gun)
+        def.itemstack = def.gun.itemstack
+        def.handler = def.gun.handler
+        def.inventory = def.handler.inventory
+        local meta = def.gun.meta
+
+
+
+        if gun.properties.magazine then
+            local mag_meta = meta:get_string("guns4d_loaded_mag")
+            if mag_meta == "" then
+                meta:set_string("guns4d_loaded_mag", gun.properties.magazine.comes_with or "empty")
+                meta:set_string("guns4d_loaded_bullets", minetest.serialize({}))
+            else
+                def.mag = mag_meta
+                def.bullets = minetest.deserialize(meta:get_string("guns4d_loaded_bullets"))
+            end
+        else
+            local bullet_meta = meta:get_string("guns4d_loaded_bullets")
+            if bullet_meta == "" then
+                meta:set_string("guns4d_loaded_bullets", minetest.serialize({}))
+            else
+                def.ammo.bullets = minetest.deserailize(bullet_meta)
+            end
+        end
+    end
+})
+function Gun_ammo:load_mag()
+    local inv = self.inventory
+    for _, ammunition in pairs(self.gun.accepted_mags) do
+        for i = 1, inv:get_size("main") do
+
+        end
+    end
+    if magstack then
+        ammo_table = minetest.deserialize(magstack:get_meta():get_string("ammo"))
+        inv:set_stack("main", index, "")
+        state = next_state
+        state_changed = true
+    end
+end
+function Gun_ammo:unload_mag()
+end
+function Gun_ammo:load_magless()
+end
+function Gun_ammo:unload_magless()
+end
+function Gun_ammo:load_fractional()
+end
+function Gun_ammo:unload_fractional()
+end
+function Gun_ammo:unload_chamber()
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/classes/Instantiatable_class.lua b/classes/Instantiatable_class.lua
index 65cb4b5..f31e8cc 100644
--- a/classes/Instantiatable_class.lua
+++ b/classes/Instantiatable_class.lua
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ Instantiatable_class = {
 --not that construction change is NOT called for inheriting an object.
 function Instantiatable_class:inherit(def)
     --construction chain for inheritance
-    if not def then def = {} else def = table.shallow_copy(def) end
+    --if not def then def = {} else def = table.shallow_copy(def) end
+    def.parent_class = self
     def.instance = false
     def._construct_low = def.construct
     --this effectively creates a construction chain by overwriting .construct
@@ -17,13 +18,15 @@ function Instantiatable_class:inherit(def)
             self.construct(parameters)
         end
     end
+    --print("CONSTRUCTED")
     def.construct(def)
     --iterate through table properties
     setmetatable(def, {__index = self})
     return def
 end
 function Instantiatable_class:new(def)
-    if not def then def = {} else def = table.shallow_copy(def) end
+    --if not def then def = {} else def = table.shallow_copy(def) end
+    def.base_class = self
     def.instance = true
     function def:inherit(def)
         assert(false, "cannot inherit instantiated object")
diff --git a/classes/Modifier.lua b/classes/Modifier.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a31f0a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/classes/Modifier.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+
+function table.resolve_string(object, address)
+    local indexes = string.split(address)
+    local current
+    for i, v in pairs(indexes) do
+        current = current[i]
+    end
+    return current
+end
+local function split_into_adresses(object, path, out)
+    out = out or {}
+    path = path or ""
+    for index, val in pairs(object) do
+        local this_path = path.."."..index
+        if type(val) == "table" then
+
+        end
+
+    end
+    return out
+end
+Modifier = Instantiatable_class:inherit({
+    overwrites = {},
+    construct = function(def)
+        if def.instance then
+            assert(type(def.apply)=="function", "no application function found for modifier")
+            assert(def.name, "name is required for modifiers")
+            assert(def.properties, "cannot modify a nonexisent properties table")
+            local old_apply = def.apply
+            def.is_active = false
+            def.immutable_props = Proxy_table:get_or_create()
+            function def.apply(properties)
+                assert(not def.is_active, "attempt to double apply modifier '"..def.name.."'")
+                def.is_active = true
+                local proxy = Proxy_table:get_or_create(properties) --the proxy prevents unintended modification of the original table.
+                local add_table, override_table = old_apply(proxy)
+                if add_table then
+
+                end
+                if override_table then
+
+                end
+            end
+            function def.stop()
+            end
+        end
+    end,
+
+})
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/classes/Player_handler.lua b/classes/Player_handler.lua
index 759cc97..5e7a5fc 100644
--- a/classes/Player_handler.lua
+++ b/classes/Player_handler.lua
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ function player_handler:update(dt)
     assert(self.instance, "attempt to call object method on a class")
     local player = self.player
     self.wielded_item = self.player:get_wielded_item()
-    local held_gun = self:is_holding_Gun() --get the gun class that is associated with the held gun
+    local held_gun = self:is_holding_gun() --get the gun class that is associated with the held gun
     if held_gun then
         --was there a gun last time? did the wield index change?
         local old_index = self.wield_index
@@ -28,22 +28,21 @@ function player_handler:update(dt)
 
         --initialize all handlers and objects
         if (not self.gun) or (self.gun.id ~= self.wielded_item:get_meta():get_string("guns4d_id")) then
-            --initialize all handlers
-
+            --initialize important player data
+            self.itemstack = self.wielded_item
+            self.inventory = player:get_inventory()
             ----gun (handler w/physical manifestation)----
             if self.gun then --delete gun object if present
                 self.gun:prepare_deletion()
                 self.gun = nil
             end
-            self.gun = held_gun:new({itemstack=self.wielded_item, player=self.player, handler=self}) --this will set itemstack meta, and create the gun based off of meta and other data.
-
+            self.gun = held_gun:new({itemstack=self.wielded_item, handler=self}) --this will set itemstack meta, and create the gun based off of meta and other data.
             ----model handler----
             if self.model_handler then --if model_handler present, then delete
                 self.model_handler:prepare_deletion()
                 self.model_handler = nil
             end
             self.model_handler = model_handler.get_handler(self:get_properties().mesh):new({player=self.player})
-
             ----control handler----
             self.control_handler = Guns4d.control_handler:new({player=player, controls=self.gun.properties.controls})
             --reinitialize some handler data and set set_hud_flags
@@ -51,7 +50,6 @@ function player_handler:update(dt)
             player:hud_set_flags({wielditem = false, crosshair = false})
 
         end
-
         --update some properties.
         self.look_rotation.x, self.look_rotation.y = player:get_look_vertical()*180/math.pi, -player:get_look_horizontal()*180/math.pi
         if TICK % 10 == 0 then
@@ -163,7 +161,7 @@ function player_handler:set_properties(properties)
     self.player:set_properties(properties)
     self.properties = table.fill(self.properties, properties)
 end
-function player_handler:is_holding_Gun()
+function player_handler:is_holding_gun()
     assert(self.instance, "attempt to call object method on a class")
     if self.wielded_item then
         for name, obj in pairs(Guns4d.gun.registered) do
diff --git a/classes/Proxy_table.lua b/classes/Proxy_table.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82fbf75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/classes/Proxy_table.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+Proxy_table = {
+    registered_proxies = {},
+    proxy_children = {}
+}
+--this creates proxy tables in a structure of tables
+--this is great if you want to prevent the change of a table
+--but still want it to be viewable, such as with constants
+function Proxy_table:new(og_table, parent)
+    local new = {}
+    self.registered_proxies[og_table] = new
+    if parent then
+        self.proxy_children[parent][og_table] = true
+    else
+        self.proxy_children[og_table] = {}
+        parent = og_table
+    end
+    --set the proxy's metatable
+    setmetatable(new, {
+        __index = function(t, key)
+            if type(og_table[key]) == "table" then
+                return Proxy_table:get_or_create(og_table[key], parent)
+            else
+                return og_table[key]
+            end
+        end,
+        __newindex = function(table, key)
+            assert(false, "attempt to edit immutable table, cannot edit a proxy")
+        end,
+    })
+    --[[overwrite og_table meta to destroy the proxy aswell (but I realized it wont be GCed unless it's removed altogether, so this is pointless)
+    local mtable = getmetatable(og_table)
+    local old_gc = mtable.__gc
+    mtable.__gc = function(t)
+        self.registered_proxies[t] = nil
+        self.proxy_children[t] = nil
+        old_gc(t)
+    end
+    setmetatable(og_table, mtable)]]
+    --premake proxy tables
+    for i, v in pairs(og_table) do
+        if type(v) == "table" then
+            Proxy_table:get_or_create(v, parent)
+        end
+    end
+    return new
+end
+function Proxy_table:get_or_create(og_table, parent)
+    return self.registered_proxies[og_table] or Proxy_table:new(og_table, parent)
+end
+function Proxy_table:destroy_proxy(parent)
+    self.registered_proxies[parent] = nil
+    if self.proxy_children[parent] then
+        for i, v in pairs(self.proxy_children[parent]) do
+            Proxy_table:destroy_proxy(i)
+        end
+    end
+    self.proxy_children[parent] = nil
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/classes/Sprite_scope.lua b/classes/Sprite_scope.lua
index df922cd..b881559 100644
--- a/classes/Sprite_scope.lua
+++ b/classes/Sprite_scope.lua
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Sprite_scope = Instantiatable_class:inherit({
     images = {
         fore = {
             texture = "scope_fore.png",
-            scale = {x=10,y=10},
+            scale = {x=11,y=11},
             movement_multiplier = 1,
         },
         back = {
diff --git a/docs/future control scheme ideas.txt b/docs/future control scheme ideas.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2f6c61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/future control scheme ideas.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+z = reload
+tap shift+z = switch fire mode
+
+while aiming
+    q-e = aux switch leaning side/aiming side (default is always right)
+
+while hip
+    e = aux
+    hold shift+z = open gun menu
+    q = drop the weapon
+
+gun menu
+    turn safety on (can be turned off with shift+z)
+    unload weapon
+    set preferred ammo type(s)
+    set preferred ammo type weighting(?) (allow for control over when there's not enough ammo in a mag to prefer it)
+    add modifications
diff --git a/register_magazine.lua b/docs/gun properties.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from register_magazine.lua
rename to docs/gun properties.txt
diff --git a/docs/modifier class.txt b/docs/modifier class.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ae421c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/modifier class.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+The modifier class is a class that's used to specify
+specific changes to a gun's properties.
+
+to make a modifier, do something like this
+Modifier:new({
+    apply = function(properties)
+        --absolutely DO NOT EVER change properties here
+        --this function is only so you can calculate changes
+        --based on the properties of the gun.
+        return {
+
+        }
+    end
+})
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/required_features.txt b/docs/required_features.txt
index 9970af4..e701997 100644
--- a/docs/required_features.txt
+++ b/docs/required_features.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 
+
+
 VFX, SFX:
     Bullet hit node FX (steal mostly from 3dguns)
     Bullet fly-by SFX
@@ -20,6 +22,8 @@ gun features
     "3d" optics
     attachments (last before beta)
     fix shooting through walls be pressing against them
+    correct player look-down
+    gun leaning
 
 bullets
     bullet class system
diff --git a/gun_api.lua b/gun_api.lua
index fe311a9..07023e5 100644
--- a/gun_api.lua
+++ b/gun_api.lua
@@ -53,11 +53,9 @@ local default_def = {
                 if not handler.control_handler.busy_list.on_use then
                     handler.gun:fire()
                 end
-                print(handler.control_handler.busy_list.on_use)
             end
         },
         on_use = function(itemstack, handler, pointed_thing)
-            print("use")
             handler.gun:fire()
             handler.control_handler.busy_list.on_use = true
         end
diff --git a/init.lua b/init.lua
index 3d68a62..ce23537 100644
--- a/init.lua
+++ b/init.lua
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ dofile(path.."/Sprite_scope.lua")
 dofile(path.."/Gun.lua")
 dofile(path.."/Player_model_handler.lua")
 dofile(path.."/Player_handler.lua")
+dofile(path.."/Proxy_table.lua")
 
 --load after
 path = minetest.get_modpath("guns4d")
diff --git a/misc_helpers.lua b/misc_helpers.lua
index d3bf03c..e0a81fe 100644
--- a/misc_helpers.lua
+++ b/misc_helpers.lua
@@ -58,6 +58,56 @@ function table.deep_copy(tbl, copy_metatable, indexed_tables)
     end
     return new_table
 end
+
+
+function table.contains(tbl, value)
+    for i, v in pairs(tbl) do
+        if v == value then
+            return i
+        end
+    end
+    return false
+end
+local function parse_index(i)
+    if type(i) == "string" then
+       return "[\""..i.."\"]"
+    else
+        return "["..tostring(i).."]"
+    end
+end
+--dump() sucks.
+function table.tostring(tbl, shallow, tables, depth)
+    --create a list of tables that have been tostringed in this chain
+    if not table then return "nil" end
+    if not tables then tables = {this_table = tbl} end
+    if not depth then depth = 0 end
+    depth = depth + 1
+    local str = "{"
+    local initial_string = "\n"
+    for i = 1, depth do
+        initial_string = initial_string .. "    "
+    end
+    for i, v in pairs(tbl) do
+        local val_type = type(v)
+        if val_type == "string" then
+            str = str..initial_string..parse_index(i).." = \""..v.."\","
+        elseif val_type == "table" and (not shallow) then
+            local contains = table.contains(tables, v)
+            --to avoid infinite loops, make sure that the table has not been tostringed yet
+            if not contains then
+                tables[i] = v
+                str = str..initial_string..parse_index(i).." = "..table.tostring(v, shallow, tables, depth)..","
+            else
+                str = str..initial_string..parse_index(i).." = "..tostring(v).." ("..contains.."),"
+            end
+        else
+            str = str..initial_string..parse_index(i).." = "..tostring(v)..","
+        end
+    end
+    return str..string.sub(initial_string, 1, -5).."}"
+end
+
+
 --replace elements in tbl with elements in replacement, but preserve the rest
 function table.fill(tbl, replacement, preserve_reference, indexed_tables)
     if not indexed_tables then indexed_tables = {} end --store tables to prevent circular referencing
diff --git a/register_ammo.lua b/register_ammo.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c23c36e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/register_ammo.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+
+Default_bullet = {
+    registered = {},
+    range = 100,
+    force_mmRHA = 1,
+    dropoff_mmRHA = 0,
+    damage = 0,
+    itemstring = "",
+    construct = function(def)
+        assert(not def.instance, "attempt to create instance of a template")
+        assert(rawget(def, "itemstring"), "no string provided to new bullet template")
+        assert(minetest.registered_items[def.itemstring], "bullet item is not registered. Check dependencies?")
+
+    end
+}
+Guns4d.ammo = {
+    registered_bullets = {
+
+    },
+    registered_magazines = {
+
+    }
+}
+function Guns4d.ammo.register_bullet(def)
+    assert(def.itemstring)
+    assert(minetest.registered_items[def.itemstring], "no item '"..def.itemstring.."' found. Must be a registered item (check dependencies?)")
+    Guns4d.ammo.registered_bullets[def.itemstring] = table.fill(Default_bullet, def)
+end
+function Guns4d.ammo.register_magazine(def)
+    assert(def.accepted_bullets, "missing property def.accepted_bullets. Need specified bullets to allow for loading")
+    for i, v in pairs(def.accepted_bullets) do
+        if not Guns4d.ammo.registered_bullets[v] then print("WARNING! bullet "..v.." not registered! is this a mistake?") end
+    end
+    --register craft prediction
+    minetest.register_craft_predict(function(itemstack, player, old_craft_grid, craft_inv)
+        if craft_inv:contains_item("craft", def.itemstring) and itemstack:get_name()=="" then
+            --potentially give predicted ammo gauge here
+            return def.itemstring
+        end
+    end)
+    minetest.register_on_craft(function(itemstack, player, old_craft_grid, craft_inv)
+        if craft_inv:contains_item("craft", def.itemstring) and craft_inv:contains_item("craftpreview", def.itemstring) then
+        end
+    end)
+    --register the actual recipe to add ammo to a mag
+end