+
+Copyright© +2018 IFRFSX.
+Some +Right Received.
+如无特别声明，本页面和所有博客文章采用 +知识共享-署名-禁止改作 +4.0 +许可证 +发布。
+ +论自由软件的商业化潜力
+
+
+
+
论自由软件和自由硬件的商业化和发展潜力 + +
+
+
+
+
摘要: +不久前有位Linux吧的成员问我，有些不能使用红帽模式提供付费服务的软件（例如压缩软件）该如何盈利？在这篇文章我将会回答这个问题。 +由于FUD们的影响，商业模式的完全不同和其他的某些未知原因，有不少人认为这二者会让作者赚不到钱。我现在来谈谈这方面的问题。 + +
+
+
+
+
前言
+
+
+
+
+我们的软件由一串串代码组成，他们本质并非是某种工具或者商品，尽管它们可以实现工具的效果，尽管他们都是劳动成果。将实物的思考用到信息上并不合适。先来看看他们的一些本质不同：
+
+
+
+
可以几乎无成本地复制
++可以直接进行修改，不像实物的改装那样困难（或者至少容易多了，类似于修改图纸。）
++传播很容易，只要您有一台计算机和网络，那么您就可以很轻松地传给其他朋友。
+
+
+
+
+可以说，我们应该将我们身边的这些信息类成品（功能性的有软件/字体/硬件设计等等，非功能性的有音乐，电影，小说，装饰性设计等等。）当成与实物完全不同的东西。
+
+
+
+
+那么，作为控制我们生活（比如计算机运行）的一双无形的手，软件和其他功能性质的作品应当是自由的。与此同时，我们也应该找到一些方法来让作者得到应有的报酬。
+自由软件/自由硬件 +的商业模式并不是固定的
+
+
+
+
有人说，红帽模式可能是最好的。
+
+
+
+
也有人说，教别人修改等方式太理想化。
+
+
+
+
其实并不是这样，
+先让我们来看看FSF和她的创始人RMS是怎么做的吧：
+
+
+
+
{ +== https://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html#TransNote1
+
+
+
+
+自由软件的哲学拒绝一类特定的广为人知的商业实践，但是它并不反对商业。当商业尊重用户的自由时，我们希望它们能够成功。
+
+
+
+
+销售Emacs的拷贝就展示了一种这样的自由软件商业模式。当FSF接手了该业务，我就需要找另一种谋生的手段。我发现我可以销售针对我开发的自由软件的技术服务。这包括教授，比如如何针对GNU +Emacs编程和如何定制GCC；还包括软件开发，多数情况是将GCC移植到新的平台。
+
+
+
+
+现如今，不少公司都在进行诸如此类的自由软件商业实践。它们有的发行自由软件CD-ROM，有的做各类技术支持，从回答用户问题到修复缺陷，以至添加新功能。我们甚至开始看到开发新自由软件产品的自由软件公司。
+
+
+
+
== +}
+
+
+
+
+可以看出，自由软件的商业模式是非常灵活的，几乎是“只有想不到，没有做不到。”，也难怪一些不了解的人还以为“专有软件才能让人赚到钱”之类的话。既然如此，我们以压缩软件为例，来形象地描述一下：
+
+
+
+
假设我制作了一个7-Zip的魔改版，它是使用 +LGPL +2.1+ 许可协议的。这时候我可以告诉客户，您想要什么功能？我可以提供付费的定制服务。之后可以 +将这些新的代码合并回主分支。
+
+
+
+
不同的客户有不同的需求，并不一定是功能性的定制 +—— +喜欢二次元的朋友也许会需要开发者给文件管理器/压缩软件添加一个动漫的背景/图标，喜欢玩大型游戏的同学可能会希望将驱动程序定制为更有利于3D游戏运行的特性，有些爱画画的朋友可能需要将绘图软件（比如GIMP，Krita等）进行功能方面的调整以适应自己的需求。每个人都有每个人的偏好，运行软件的计算机应该适应用户，而不是用户反过来适应运行软件的计算机（工具）。
+注意事项
+
+
+
+
要想成功实施，我们还需要找到合适的市场。随着未来人民生活水平逐渐提高，对计算机使用和个性化有着更高需求的人们将会需要这些服务。人们对消费服务的意识和需求越多，服务提供者的利润就越多。到那时候，如果我们想在市场上取得更好的表现，就需要加紧练习相关技术以便于提供更高质量的商业服务。
+每一个用户都是一位潜在的作者
+
+
+
+
+就如同传播和改进菜谱一样，我们每个用户都可以成为修改版的作者。更多的修改版意味着更多选择，同时也能制止垄断。
+众筹式开发
+
+
+
+
+在社区内，并不需要绝对区分“开发者”和“用户”的角色设定，由于每个人都可以为这款软件做贡献，每个人也可以通过这款软件获得利润。因此，请让我们尽可能放下那种高度集中的开发模式，尽量让更多人参与这款软件的开发（即“众筹式的开发”），既可以大大减轻软件原版作者的负担，也可以让每个用户都得到学习和锻炼编程手艺的机会，还可以避免少数人专制地控制用户。
+可能会造福更多人的修改版
+
+
+
+
+如果有人对原版软件不满意，那么他可以开个分支做修改版，让需要修改版新特性的人也可以跟随喜欢的修改版本。
+自由软件和自由硬件的关系
+
+
+
+
+众所周知，软件必须依附硬件才可以运行。如果我们没有合适的自由硬件设计，那么非自由硬件将会逐渐压缩自由软件的生存空间（现在，这正是有些主流计算机硬件上正在发生的）。那么，社区必须要有自由硬件。
+
+
+
+
+我们可以像开发自由软件那样，让所有懂得设计硬件的人或者组织来一起开发，分担开发工作。最后这些人可以各自组装好对外出售。当然，前提是未来的技术发展能使得个人能使用机器人或者3D打印机来轻易地装配硬件。
+.............关于FUDer们
+
+
+
+
+近期我见到有一部分不认同自由软件理念的人在传播专有软件的陈旧观念，来自开源阵营的一小撮人攻击自由观念，认为不符合“普世的价值观”，“中庸之道”等等。
+
+
+
+
+其实，禁止他人分享自己持有的信息本身就是在破坏人与人之间的互相帮助，禁止修改控制着自己生活的工具所做的行为更是一种专制主义！如果这都能成为“侵权”行为，那么这也有点太可笑，可笑得不值一驳。
+
+
+
+
+自由软件运动正是为了让社会更美好而生，只有社会朝着好的方向，朝着有利于人民的方向发展，才能让人类社会继续发展。我说过很多次了，斯托曼假如真的有某些人说得那么疯狂，那么他能来我们中国的大学进行演讲吗？恐怕别说多次进我国的各个大学演讲，在学校里的领导，教师和同学听到内容后，他第二次来能否被批准入境，能否还受欢迎还是个问题。而事实是——斯托曼来中国好多次了，都很顺利。大学们很欢迎他来演讲，而且这些很多都是斯托曼表达观点的演讲。
+
+
+
+
+斯托曼先生一直都在努力使社会更美好，如果他所付出，所做的一切都能被认为是反对普世价值观的话，那这个人眼中的“普世价值观”也有点太扭曲了。社会要想发展，就必然要有变化。如果人人都把中庸之道用这种错误的方法理解，那么我们的社会现在恐怕还处于半奴隶半封建社会，不再变化。
+自由软件/硬件 +和 开源软件/硬件 +的区别
+定义
+
+
+
+
+事实上，二者的标准很接近——绝大多数自由软件都符合开源的定义，大多数开源软件也符合自由软件的定义。少数开源许可证不符合自由软件的定义，也有少数自由软件许可证不被认为符合开源的定义。
+哲学思想
+
+
+
+
我们先来看看斯托曼先生对这方面问题的描述：
+
+
+
+
+https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html
+
+
+
+
+开源的基本思路是：允许用户修改和再发布软件，是为了让软件更加强大和可靠。可惜这不是个必要条件。很多专有软件的开发者技术也很强。有些时候，哪怕专有软件不尊重用户的自由，依然可以开发出强大而可靠的软件。对于这个事实，自由软件支持者和开源阵营的人对此反应就会不同。
+
+
+
+
+对于一个纯粹的开源狂热者来说—假设他没有被自由软件的理想所影响—可能会说，“你们（专有软件开发者）竟然没用我们的开发模型，还能开发出这么好的软件。这太让我感到意外了。能给我拷一份你们的软件吗？” +这样的态度会让专有软件的诡计得逞—剥夺我们的自由。
+
+
+
+
+而自由软件支持者则会说，“您的软件非常吸引人，不过我更看重我的自由。很遗憾，我不得不放弃使用您的软件。我会用其他的方法完成我的工作，并支持一个实现类似功能的自由软件项目。”你若真心珍视你的自由，我们就可以用行动去捍卫它。
+
+
+
+
+正因为如此，很多遵从开源，以及中立于开源和自由之间的F(L)OSS派的哲学思想的人们并不反对专有软件，甚至认为专有软件是“不可替代”的。但是，从长期发展看来，自由是注定要取代专制的，就像民主取代独裁，社会/共产主义必然要取代资本主义一样是不可逆转的趋势。有时候可能会发生复辟，但是总体趋势依然还是不会改变。制度的变革不能一蹴而就——说得通俗点，就是不能“一锹挖出一个井，一口吃一个个胖子”——从专有软件转到自由软件，中间加一个“开源”的过渡也好。
+总结和补充
+
+
+
+
+尽管有些眼光不够长远的人无法理解自由软件和自由硬件的先进性，但这并不能阻挡他们最终彻底取代专有的软件和硬件。顺便我来提醒一句——最好将自由软件的对立面称为“非自由软件”，“专有软件”或者“专制软件”之类的，尽量少用“私有”这个词。因为有时候，“私有”这个词可能会被认为是“私有财产”的意思。而单独为一个用户或者一家公司定制的软件也可以是自由的，如果他们拥有自由软件定义所描述的自由（尽管是在一种平凡意义上），而且因为没有发布，也不存在控制他人的问题。这时候只有这个人或者这家公司拥有这个软件，这个软件被认为是“私有财产”也没有错（如果不考虑自由软件的官方定义），因此我做出这样的称呼建议。
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
By: +IFRFSX
+ +License: +CC BY-ND 4.0
+ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/BOKE/2.html b/BOKE/2.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e6d2c3f --- /dev/null +++ b/BOKE/2.html @@ -0,0 +1,1258 @@ + + + + +Copyright© +2018 IFRFSX.
+Some +Right Received.
+如无特别声明，本页面和所有博客文章采用 +知识共享-署名-禁止改作 +4.0 +许可证 +发布。
+ +
+
+
+
GNU +通用公共许可证 +第3版 +翻译。+
+翻译者：冰焰火灵X +1079092922@qq.com
+翻译出来的部分字句进行了调整。
+其中包含的译者注是一些可能必要的提醒和我对这份许可证的理解。在普通括号“（）”里面注*的是我添加的注释。
+本翻译文本采用 +知识共享 - +署名 +4.0 +国际版许可证 +进行许可。
This +is an unofficial translation of the GNU General Public License into +Chinese. It was not published by the Free Software Foundation, and +does not legally state the distribution terms for software that uses +the GNU GPL--only the original English text of the GNU GPL +http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html +does that. However, we hope that this translation will help Chinese +speakers understand the GNU GPL better.
+这是一份GNU通用公共授权的非官方中文简体翻译。它并非由自由软件基金会发布，也不是使用GNU通用公共授权的软件的法定发布条款——只有 +GNU +通用公共授权的英文原版 +http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html +具有这样的效力。然而，我们希望这份翻译能够帮助中文读者更好的理解GNU通用公共授权。
+GNU +通用公共许可证
+版本 +3, +2007年 +6月 +29日
+版权所有(C) +2007 自由软件基金会 +https://fsf.org/
+允许每个人复制和分发这个许可证文档的副本，但修改是不允许的。
+GNU +GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 3, 29 June 2007
+Copyright +(C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. https://fsf.org/ +Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this +license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+GNU通用公共许可证是一个自由，左版（或译为“著佐权”,Copyleft）许可证，适用于软件和其他类型的作品。
+The +GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software +and other kinds of works.
+大多数用于软件和其他实用的作品的许可证被设计为剥夺你分享和更改软件的自由。相反地，GNU通用公共许可证 +旨在 +保证你自由地共享和更改一个程序的所有的版本——以确保它对所有用户都是自由软件。我们，自由软件基金会，使用GNU通用公共许可证，对于我们的大多数软件。它(* +GNU GPL)也适用于作者以这种方法发布的任何作品（work）。你也可以把它应用到你的程序里面。
+The +licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to +take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, +the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom +to share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it +remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software +Foundation, use the GNU General Public License for most of our +software; it applies also to any other work released this way by its +authors. You can apply it to your programs, too.+
当我们讲到自由软件（Free +Software）的时候，我们指的是自由，而不是价格。我们的公共许可证被设计为确保你拥有复制和再分发自由软件副本的自由（你也可以从中收费），你能够收到，或者可以获得源代码，你可以在新的自由程序中更改软件或者使用它，而且使你知道你可以做这些事情。
+When +we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. +Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have +the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for +them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you +want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new +free programs, and that you know you can do these things.+
为了保护你的权利，我们需要阻止其他人剥夺你的权利，或者（* +也要阻止其他人）要求你放弃这些权利。因此，如果你分发软件的副本，或者修改它，你就有一些责任：尊重他人自由的责任。
+To +protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you these +rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have +certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or +if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.+
例如，如果你分发这样的一个程序的复制品，无论是无偿的还是收费的，你必须把相同的自由传递给接受者。也必须确保他们也收到或者可获得源代码。你必须给他们看这些条款，让他们知道他们的权利。
+For +example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis +or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same freedoms +that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can +get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know +their rights.+
使用GNU +GPL的开发人员用两个步骤来保护你的权利：
+(1) +声明软件的版权 +和 (2)向您提供本许可证，给你复制，分发，和/或者 +修改 的法律许可。+
Developers +that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: (1) assert +copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License giving you +legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.+
对于开发者和作者的保护，GPL清楚地解释了这个自由软件没有保修。为了用户和作者的利益，GPL要求把修改过的版本标记为已经修改过了，这样他们的问题（* +例如，修改版里面有Bug）不会被错误地归咎于以前版本的作者。
+For +the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains +that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and +authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as +changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to +authors of previous versions.+
有些设备是被设计为拒绝让用户在其内部安装或者运行修改版本的软件，尽管制造商可以这样做。（* +但是，）这与保护用户更改软件的自由的目的根本不相容。这种虐待（* +性质）的系统模式发生在个人使用的产品领域中，这正是最不可以接受的地方。因此，我们设计了这个版本的GPL来禁止这些产品的实施 +。如果这类问题实际上出现在其他领域中，那么我们随时准备将这一条款延伸到GPL未来版本，为了保护用户的自由。
+Some +devices are designed to deny users access to install or run modified +versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer can +do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of protecting +users' freedom to change the software. The systematic pattern of such +abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to use, which is +precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we have designed +this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those products. +If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we stand ready +to extend this provision to those domains in future versions of the +GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.+
最后，每一个程序都不断受到软件专利的威胁。
+各国不应允许专利限制在通用计算机上开发和使用软件， +但在这种情况下，我们希望避免将专利申请到一个自由程序的特殊危险而使其成为有效的专利。为了防止这种情况（* +发生），GPL保证专利不能被用来使程序变成不自由的。
+Finally, +every program is threatened constantly by software patents. States +should not allow patents to restrict development and use of software +on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to avoid +the special danger that patents applied to a free program could make +it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that +patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.+
（* +以下是）复制，发布，修改的精准确条款和条件。
+The +precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and +modification follow.+
0. +定义
+Definitions. + ++
“本许可证”指的是GNU通用公共许可证的第3版。
+"This +License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.+
“版权”也指适用于其他种类的作品（例如半导体保护层（*Masks））的复制类型法律。
+"Copyright" +also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of works, +such as semiconductor masks.+
“本程序”指的是在本许可证下授权的任何具有版权的作品。每一个被许可方都被称呼为“你”。而“被许可方”和“接受者”可以是个人或者组织。
+"The +Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this +License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" +and "recipients" may be individuals or organizations.+
要“修改”一项作品，意味着需要以一种需要版权许可的方式复制，或改编所有的或部分的作品，而不是制作一份精确的复制品。最终的成果被称为之前的作品的"修改版"或者是"基于"早期作品的作品。
+To +"modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of +the work in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the +making of an exact copy. The resulting work is called a "modified +version" of the earlier work or a work "based on" the +earlier work.+
一个“涉及的作品”（* +已包括的作品）指的是未经修改的程序，或一项基于（* +已有的）程序的作品。
+A +"covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a +work based on the Program.+
"传播"一份作品的意思是，做任何未经允许的事都会让你直接或间接地在适用的著作权法中对侵权行为负责，除非是在计算机上或修改私人副本。传播包括复制、分发(有或没有进行修改)、 +向公众开放，以及在一些国家的其他活动。
+To +"propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, +without permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for +infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a +computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, +distribution (with or without modification), making available to the +public, and in some countries other activities as well.+
“传递”（* +Convey）一个作品的意思是（* +包括）任何形式（* +在内）的传播，使得其他各方都可以制作或者接收复制品。（* +如果）仅仅通过计算机网络与用户进行交互，而不需要拷贝副本，这不是传递（* +Conveying）。
+To +"convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables +other parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user +through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not +conveying.+
（* +在）一个交互式用户界面上显示“适当的法律通知”的范围是，包括一个方便且显著的可见特征。
+(1) + 显示适当的版权公告， + +
+和
+(2) + 告诉用户，作品没有保修(除非提供保修的程度)，被许可方可以在本许可证下传送作品，以及如何查看该许可的副本。如果界面显示了用户命令或选项的列表，比如菜单，列表中的一个突出条目将满足这个标准。 + +
+An +interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices" +to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible +feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2) +tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the +extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the +work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If +the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a +menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.+
1. +源代码
+作品（* +work）的“源代码”是指对作品进行修改的首选形式。“目标代码”指作品的任何不是源代码的形式。
+Source + Code ++
The +"source code" for a work means the preferred form of the +work for making modifications to it. "Object code" means +any non-source form of a work.+
“标准接口”指的是一个接口，这个接口，是由公认的标准机构定义的官方标准，或者是针对特定编程语言指定的接口 +—— 在使用这个语言的开发人员中被广泛使用的接口。
+A +"Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an +official standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the +case of interfaces specified for a particular programming language, +one that is widely used among developers working in that language.+
可执行文件的“系统库”指的是除了整体作品之外的所有东西，除了整个作品之外，（* +还可能是：）
+(a) + 以一般形式打包的一个主要的部件，但它不是这个主要部件的一部分， + +
+和
+(b) + 只适用于使用这个主要部分的作品， + +
+或
+实现一个标准接口，该接口的实现可以用源代码形式对外公布。 + +
+“主要部件” +在这种背景下,
+表示（* + 的是）可执行作品运行的特定操作系统(如果有的话)的主要基本组件(内核、窗口系统等等)， + +
+或者
+用于生成（* + 可执行文件/目标代码）作品的编译器，或者是用于运行它的 + 对象代码解释器。 +
+The +"System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, +other than the work as a whole, that+
(a) +is included in the normal form of packaging a Major Component, but +which is not part of that Major Component, and (b) serves only to +enable use of the work with that Major Component, or to implement a +Standard Interface for which an implementation is available to the +public in source code form. A "Major Component", in this +context, means a major essential component (kernel, window system, +and so on) of the specific >>operating system (if any) on which +the executable work runs, or a compiler used to produce the work, or +an object code interpreter used to run it.+
以目标代码形式（* +不是源代码的）作品的“相应源”是指产生、安装和(用于可执行的作品)运行目标代码和修改作品(包括控制这些活动的脚本)所需的所有源代码。
+但是，它不包括程序需要的系统库，通用工具或普遍可用的自由程序，这些程序在执行这些活动时未进行修改，但是这些程序不是作品的一部分。
+例如，对应的源包括用于作品的源文件相关联的接口定义文件，以及用于共享库的源代码和用于动态链接的子程序，所操作的子程序将作品按照要求专门设计，例如在这些子程序和作品的其它部分之间通过紧密的数据通信或控制流。
+The +"Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means +all the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an +>executable work) run the object code and to modify the work, +including scripts to control those activities. However, it does not +include the work's System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or +generally available free programs which >are used unmodified in +performing those activities but which are not part of the work.+
For +example, Corresponding Source includes interface definition files +associated with source files for the work, and the source code for +shared libraries and dynamically linked subprograms that the work is +specifically designed to require, such as by intimate data +communication or control flow between those subprograms and other +parts of the work.+
相应的源代码不需要包含任何用户可以自动从相应源的其他部分自动生成的内容。
+源代码形式的作品对应的源是相同的作品。
+The +Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can +regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding +Source.+
The +Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same +work.+
2. +基本的许可
+在本许可证下所授予的所有权利都是在项目的版权上授予的，并且在规定的条件下不可撤销。
+本授权明确声明您可以无限制地运行未经修改的程序。
+只有当输出(给定其内容)构成涉及到的作品时，运行涉及到的作品的输出才是被该许可所涉及到的。
+本授权承认您的正当使用权利或其他同等权利，就像版权法（* +又称“著作权法”）规定的那样。
+Basic + Permissions. ++
All +rights granted under this License are granted for the term of +copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated +conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited +permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a +covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its +content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your +rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.+
你可以制作、运行和传播你不传送的涉及的作品，只要你的许可（* +License）有效。
+你可以将封面作品传送（* +Convey）给他人，唯一的目的是让他们为你做修改，或者为你提供运行这些作品的便利，只要你遵守了本许可证的条款，你就可以传送你不具有版权控制权的所有材料。
+那些为你制作或经营封面作品的人，必须在你的指挥和控制下，以你的名义，禁止他们在你与他人的关系之外复制你拥有版权的材料。
+You +may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey, +without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in +force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of +having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you +with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply +with the terms of this License in conveying all material for which +you do not control copyright. Those thus making or running the +covered works for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under +your direction and control, on terms that prohibit them from making +any copies of your copyrighted material outside their relationship +with you.+
在任何其他情况下，仅允许在下述条件下进行运输。不允许进行子许可; +（* +并且本授权的）第10节使它变得没有必要。
+Conveying +under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the +conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 +makes it unnecessary.+
3. +保护用户的合法权利不受反规避（反破解）法律的影响
+在1996年12月20日通过的《WIPO版权条约》第11条所规定的任何适用法律、禁止或限制此类措施的类似法律下，任何有保修的作品都不应被视为有效的技术措施的一部分。
+Protecting + Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law. ++
No +covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological +measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article +11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or +similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such +measures.+
当你传送一种被涉及的作品,放弃任何禁止规避技术的法定权利措施在一定程度上规避影响本授权下行使权利的涉及的作品,你（* +需要）否认任何 +企图限制操作或修改作品的实施，—— 针对作品（work）的用户，（* +放弃）你或第三方禁止规避技术措施的法律权利。
+When +you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid +circumvention of technological measures to the extent such +circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License +with respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to +limit operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, +against the work's users, your or third parties' legal rights to +forbid circumvention of technological measures.+
4. +传送逐字复制
+在任何媒体中，如果你在任何媒体上明显地和恰当地发表了适当的版权通知，则你可以逐字传达程序源代码的副本; +（* +但需要遵守的条件是）保存完整的所有通知，说明该许可和与第7条所添加的任何不是（* +本）许可的条款均适用于该代码;保留所有没有任何保修的通知;并将这一许可证的副本连同项目一起交给所有接受（*副本）者。
+您可以向您传送的每份副本收取任何价格或无价格，您可以提供支持或保修保护用于收取费用。
+Conveying + Verbatim Copies. ++
You +may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you +receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and +appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; +keep intact all notices stating that this License and any +non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the +code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and +give all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.+
You +may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and +you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.+
5. +传送修改过的源代码版本
+您可以传送一份基于本程序的作品，或者根据第4节的条款，以源代码的形式，在程序中传送一个作品，前提是您同时可以全部满足这些条件：
+a）这项作品必须带有明显的通知，说明你修改了它，并给出了相关日期。
+ +b）这项作品必须带有明显的通知，说明它是根据本授权发布的，以及在第7节中添加的任何条件。这一需求修改了第4部分中的需求，以“保持完整的所有通知”。
+ +c）你必须将整个作品，作为一个整体，授权给任何拥有副本的人。因此，该许可将与所有适用的第7条附加条款，适用于整个作品及其所有部分，无论它们是如何打包的。本许可证不允许以任何其他方式授权此项作品，但它不会使这种许可无效。如果你单独收到（* + 这个“其他方式授权”）。
+ +d）如果作品有交互的用户界面，每一个都必须显示适当的法律声明;但是，如果程序具有不显示适当的法律声明的交互界面，您的作品也不需要执行此操作。
+Conveying + Modified Source Versions. ++
You +may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to +produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the +terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these +conditions:+
a) +The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it, +and giving a relevant date. b) The work must carry prominent notices +stating that it is released under this License and any conditions +added under section 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in +section 4 to “keep intact all notices”. c) You must license the +entire work, as a whole, under this License to anyone who comes into +possession of a copy. This License will therefore apply, along with +any applicable section 7 additional terms, to the whole of the work, +and all its parts, regardless of how they are packaged. This License +gives no permission to license the work in any other way, but it does +not invalidate such permission if you have separately received it. d) +If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display +Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive +interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work +need not make them do so.+
一个涉及的作品与其他单独和独立的作品的编制，这些作品不属于所涉及的作品的自然延伸，并且这些作品不与之结合，例如在存储或发行介质的卷上形成较大的程序，被称为“集合(aggregate)”，如果编译及其所产生的版权不是用于限制编辑的用户的访问权或合法权利，超出了个人作品许可的范围。在集合中包含一个涉及的作品并不会导致这个许可应用到集合的其他部分。
+A +compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent +works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, +and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, +in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an +“aggregate” if the compilation and its resulting copyright are +not used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's +users beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered +work in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the +other parts of the aggregate.+
6. +传送非源代码形式
+您可以按照第4节和第5节的条款，以目标代码的形式传送被包括的作品，前提是您还可以按照本许可的条款，以下列方式之一传送机器可读的（* +严格）对应（* +的）源代码:
+a)在物理产品(包括物理分布介质)中传递对象代码(包括物理分发介质)，并将相应的源代码固定在通常用于软件交换的耐久的物理介质上。
+ +b)在物理产品(包括物理分发介质)中传送目标代码(包括物理分发介质)，并伴随有书面要约（* + Written offer），有效期至少三年，有效期只要你为产品模型提供备件或客户支持，为拥有目标代码的任何人提供，要么
+(1)本许可所涵盖的产品中所有软件的相应来源的副本，该许可涵盖的产品的所有软件的相应来源的副本，在通常用于软件交换的持久物理介质上，不超过您物理地执行该源传输的合理费用， + 或 +
+ +(2)免费从网络服务器复制相应源的价格。 + +
+c）用一份书面要约（* + Written offer）的副本，将目标代码的个别副本传递给相应的来源。这种方法只允许偶尔并且非商业性质地（* + 进行），并且只有当您收到这样一个提到的对象代码时，才符合第6b部分。
+ +d)通过提供从指定地点(免费提供或收取费用)的访问来传送目标代码，并以相同方式通过相同的地点不需再收费的方式提供对相应源的同等访问。您无需要求接收者与目标代码一起复制相应的源（* + 代码）文件。如果复制目标代码的位置是一个网络服务器，那么对应的源可能在一个不同的服务器上(由您或目标代码旁边保持清晰的指示，说明在哪里找到相应的源代码。无论什么服务器主机拥有相应的来源，您仍有义务确保其可用，只要满足这些要求即可。
+ +e）使用点对点传输来传递目标代码，只要你通知其他的对等点，在第6d部分下，对象代码和相应的作品的源不收费地提供给普通大众。
+Conveying + Non-Source Forms. ++
You +may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of +sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable +Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these +ways:+
a) +Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product +(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the +Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium customarily +used for software interchange. b) Convey the object code in, or +embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution +medium), accompanied by a written offer, valid for at least three +years and valid for as long as you offer spare parts or customer +support for that product model, to give anyone who possesses the +object code either (1) a copy of the Corresponding Source for all the +software in the product that is covered by this License, on a durable +physical medium customarily used for software interchange, for a +price no more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this +conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the Corresponding Source +from a network server at no charge. c) Convey individual copies of +the object code with a copy of the written offer to provide the +Corresponding Source. This alternative is allowed only occasionally +and noncommercially, and only if you received the object code with +such an offer, in accord with subsection 6b. d) Convey the object +code by offering access from a designated place (gratis or for a +charge), and offer equivalent access to the Corresponding Source in +the same way through the same place at no further charge. You need +not require recipients to copy the Corresponding Source along with +the object code. If the place to copy the object code is a network +server, the Corresponding Source may be on a different server +(operated by you or a third party) that supports equivalent copying +facilities, provided you maintain clear directions next to the object +code saying where to find the Corresponding Source. Regardless of +what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to +ensure that it is available for as long as needed to satisfy these +requirements. e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer +transmission, provided you inform other peers where the object code +and Corresponding Source of the work are being offered to the general +public at no charge under subsection 6d.+
目标代码的可分离部分(其源代码被排除在相应的源之外作为系统库)不需要被包括在传送目标代码作品中。
+A +separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded +from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be +included in conveying the object code work.+
“用户产品”是指
+(1)“消费产品”，指个人、家庭或家庭用途通常使用的任何有形个人财产，
+或
+
+
(2)任何设计或出售用于与住宅结合的任何个人财产。在确定产品是否为消费者产品时，疑难案件应予以解决，有利于承保范围。对于特定用户所接收的特定产品，“通常使用”是指一类产品的典型的或普通的使用，而与特定用户的状态或特定用户实际使用或期望或预期使用该产品的方式无关。产品是一种消费产品，无论该产品是否有大量的商业、工业或非消费者使用，除非这些用途是产品使用的唯一重要模式。 + +
+A +“User Product” is either (1) a “consumer product”, which +means any tangible personal property which is normally used for +personal, family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or +sold for incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a +product is a consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in +favor of coverage. For a particular product received by a particular +user, “normally used” refers to a typical or common use of that +class of product, regardless of the status of the particular user or +of the way in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or +is expected to use, the product. A product is a consumer product +regardless of whether the product has substantial commercial, +industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only +significant mode of use of the product.+
用户产品的“安装信息”是指从其相应的源代码的修改版本安装和执行该用户产品中涉及的作品的修改版本所需的任何方法、过程、授权密钥或其他信息。这些信息必须足以确保修改后的目标代码的持续功能在任何情况下都不会仅仅是因为已经进行了修改而被阻止或干扰（* +运行）。
+“Installation +Information” for a User Product means any methods, procedures, +authorization keys, or other information required to install and +execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from +a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must +suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified +object code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because +modification has been made.+
如果您根据本节中的目标代码作品在用户产品中，或与其一起使用，或专门用于用户产品，并且传输是作为交易的一部分发生的，则将用户产品的拥有权和使用权转让给 +永久或固定期限的收款人（无论交易如何表征），根据本节传达的对应源代码必须附有安装信息。 +但是，如果您或任何第三方都不保留在用户产品上安装修改后的目标代码（例如，作品已经安装在ROM）的能力，这一要求并不会生效。
+If +you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or +specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as +part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the +User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a +fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the +Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied +by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply +if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install +modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has +been installed in ROM).+
提供安装信息的要求不包括继续为被接收方修改或安装的作品提供支持服务、保证或更新，也不包括已被修改或安装的用户产品。当修改本身在实质上对网络的操作产生负面影响，或者违反网络上的通信规则和协议时，访问网络可能会被拒绝。
+相应的源文件和安装信息，与本节一致，必须以公开文档的格式（并且在源代码形式中对公众可用），并且不需要特殊的密码或密钥来进行解包、读取或复制。
+The +requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a +requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or +updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the +recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or +installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification +itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network +or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the +network.+
Corresponding +Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord +with this section must be in a format that is publicly documented +(and with an implementation available to the public in source code +form), and must require no special password or key for unpacking, +reading or copying.+
7. +附加的条款
+"附加许可"是用来补充这个执照的条款的术语，从一个或多个条件中提出例外。适用于整个程序的附加许可应视为包含在本许可范围内，并在适用法律下有效。如果附加许可仅适用于程序的一部分，则可以在这些许可下单独使用该部分，但是整个程序在不考虑附加许可的情况下保持由该许可决定。
+当您传递一份涉及的作品的副本时，您可以在您的选项中删除该副本的任何附加权限，或从该副本的任何部分删除。(当您修改作品（* +可以）自己删除。)你可以在材料上加额外的许可，你可以在上面加一份涉及的作品，你可以得到或者可以提供相应的版权许可。
+尽管有本许可证的任何其他规定，但对于添加到涵盖范围内的材料，您可以(如果授权材料的版权持有者授权)补充本许可条款的条款：
+Additional + Terms. ++
“Additional +permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this License by +making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional +permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be +treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent +that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions +apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately +under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by +this License without regard to the additional permissions.+
When +you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove +any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. +(Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal +in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place additional +permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, for which +you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.+
Notwithstanding +any other provision of this License, for material you add to a +covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that +material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:+
a）对本许可证第15条和第16条的规定拒绝保修或限制赔偿责任; + 或者 + +
+ +b）要求保存特定的合理的法律通知或作者在该材料或其作品所显示的适当法律通知; + 或者 + +
+ +c)禁止歪曲材料的来源，或者要求修改版本的材料以合理的方式标记与原始版本不同; + 或者 + +
+ +)限制使用许可方（* + 例如公司）或材料作者的名称（* + 例如作者的名字）的宣传目的; + 或者 + +
+ +e)拒绝授予商标法的权利，用于使用一些商业名称，商标或服务标志; + 或者 + +
+ +f)要求任何将该材料(或其修改版本)的材料(或修改版本)向接受方承担赔偿责任的人，对这些合同假设直接强加给这些许可方和作者的任何责任，都需要向许可方和作者提供赔偿。 + +
+a) +Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms +of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or b) Requiring preservation +of specified reasonable legal notices or author attributions in that +material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices displayed by works +containing it; or c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of +that material, or requiring that modified versions of such material +be marked in reasonable ways as different from the original version; +or d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors +or authors of the material; or e) Declining to grant rights under +trademark law for use of some trade names, trademarks, or service +marks; or f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of +that material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified +versions of it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the +recipient, for any liability that these contractual assumptions +directly impose on those licensors and authors.+
其他非允许的附加条款在第10节的含义中 +被认为是"进一步限制"。如果你收到的程序，或者它的任何一部分，都包含了一张通知来声明它是由这个许可证管理的，还有一个更严格的限制，你可以移除这一项（* +限制；当然，除了第7条规定的外）。如果一份许可文件中有进一步的限制但是允许重新授权或在这一许可下进行传输，你可以在许可文件的条款中添加一份涉及的作品资料，前提是进一步的限制不能通过重新授权或传递的方式来维持。
+All +other non-permissive additional terms are considered “further +restrictions” within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as +you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it +is governed by this License along with a term that is a further +restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains +a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this +License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms +of that license document, provided that the further restriction does +not survive such relicensing or conveying.+
如果您按照本节的规定向涉及的作品添加条款，则必须在相关源代码文件中放置适用于这些文件的附加条款的声明或指示在哪里找到适用条款的声明。
+附加条款，许可或不许可的，可以以单独书面许可的形式来说明，或者表述为例外; +上述要求适用于任何一种方式。
+If +you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must +place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the additional +terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating where to find +the applicable terms.+
Additional +terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a +separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above +requirements apply either way.+
8. +终止
+除非本许可中明确规定，否则您不得传播或修改涉及的作品。 +任何以其他方式传播或修改它的尝试都是无效（* +不遵守本许可的，即非法）的，并且将自动终止您在本许可下的权利（包括根据第11节第3段授予的任何专利许可）。
+Termination. + ++
You +may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly +provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or +modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under +this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third +paragraph of section 11).+
但是，如果您停止一切违反本许可的行为，那么您的许可将从特定的版权所有者暂时恢复， +除非及直至
+(a)著作权人明确地终止您的许可，
+并且
+(b)永久地终止您的许可，如果版权持有人在终止后的60天内没有以某种合理的方式通知您违反该许可的情况。
+此外，如果版权持有人以某种合理的方式通知你违反了你的授权，你的许可证将会永久恢复，这是你第一次收到该版权持有者的违反本许可证的通知，并且在收到通知后的30天内，你就可以纠正这一违规行为。
+根据本节，您被终止的权利，不会终止根据本许可证收到您的副本或权利的各方的许可。
+However, +if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a +particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless +and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your +license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify +you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after +the cessation.+
Moreover, +your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated +permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by +some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received +notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that +copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after +your receipt of the notice.+
Termination +of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of +parties who have received copies or rights from you under this +License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently +reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same +material under section 10.+
9.对于获取(Having)副本，不需要接受（本许可证）
+为了接收或运行本程序的副本，您不需要接受此许可证。仅作为使用点对点传输的结果而进行的涉及的作品的辅助传播也不需要接受。但是，除了本许可证之外，没有（* +其他许可证）可以允许您传播或修改任何涉及的作品。如果您不同意此许可，则这些操作会侵犯版权。因此，通过修改或传播一个涉及的作品，您表明您接受了这个许可。
+Acceptance + Not Required for Having Copies. ++
You +are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a +copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work +occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission +to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, +nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or +modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do +not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a +covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.+
10. +下游接收方的自动许可
+每次您传递一个涉及的作品时，接收方会自动从原始许可人那里获得许可，以运行、修改和传播该作品，并接受该许可。您不负责强制执行第三方遵守本许可的规定。
+Automatic + Licensing of Downstream Recipients. ++
Each +time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives +a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate +that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for +enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.+
“实体事务”是指对组织的控制，或者实质上是一个组织的所有资产，或者是对一个组织进行细分，或者合并组织。如果涉及的作品成果从实体交易中传播，收到该作品副本的交易各方还收到该方的前任在前一段中所关注或可能给予的作品的任何许可，以及如果前任或能够以合理的努力取得该作品的相应源代码的权利。
+An +“entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an +organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an +organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered +work results from an entity transaction, each party to that +transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever +licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could +give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the +Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if +the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.+
你不得对行使本授权所授予或者确认的权利施加任何进一步的限制。例如, +你不可以要求授权费用， +版税 ， 或其他行使本许可证授予的权利的费用， +以及你可能不启动诉讼(包括扣除金额或在诉讼中反诉)， +声称侵犯任何专利的索赔，是由于制造、使用、销售、提供销售、或导入程序或任何部分。
+An +“entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an +organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an +organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered +work results from an entity transaction, each party to that +transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever +licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could +give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the +Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if +the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.**+
11. +专利
+“贡献者”是根据本程序许可或本程序所基于的作品授权使用的版权所有者。 +由此获得许可的作品被称为贡献者的“贡献者版本”。
+贡献者的“基本专利权利要求”是由贡献者拥有或控制的所有专利权利要求，不管是已经获得的还是未来获得的，将被本许可所允许的某种方式侵犯制作，使用或销售其贡献者版本，但 +不包括仅由于撰稿人版本的进一步修改而被侵权的声明。 +就此定义而言，“控制”包括以符合本许可证要求的方式授予专利分许可证的权利。
+Patents. + ++
A +“contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this +License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The +work thus licensed is called the contributor's “contributor +version”.+
A +contributor's “essential patent claims” are all patent claims +owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or +hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted +by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor +version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a +consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For +purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to +grant patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements +of this License.+
在贡献者的基本专利声明中，每个贡献者授予您一个非排他性的、世界范围的、免版税的专利许可，用于制造、使用、销售、提供销售、导入和其他运行、修改和传播其贡献者版本的内容。
+在以下三段中，“专利许可”指的是任何明确的协议或承诺，不论其以何种名义，都不强制执行一项专利(例如，允许对专利侵权行为进行专利或不起诉的许可)。向当事人“授予”这样的专利许可，是指作出这样的协议或承诺，不强制执行一项针对该方的专利。
+Each +contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free +patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to +make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and +propagate the contents of its contributor version.+
In +the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express +agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent +(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not +to sue for patent infringement). To “grant” such a patent license +to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to +enforce a patent against the party.+
如果您传送的是涉及的作品，而却故意依赖专利许可证，并且任何人均无法通过公开提供的网络服务器或其他易于访问的软件免费复制并根据本许可证的条款进行复制，意味着，你必须：
+（1）使对应的源代码是如此可用的， + 或者 +
+ +（2）为这项特殊作品的专利申请而放弃自己的利益， + 或者 +
+ +（3）以符合本许可证要求的方式安排向下游接收者发放专利许可。 + “明知地依赖”意味着您有实际的知识，但是对于专利许可，您在一个国家传达涉及的作品，或者您的接受者在一个国家使用涵盖的作品会侵犯您在该国的一项或多项可识别的专利， + 有理由相信是有效的。 +
+If +you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and +the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to +copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a +publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, +then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so +available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the +patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner +consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the +patent license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly relying” +means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, +your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient's use +of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more +identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe +are valid.+
如果根据或结合单一交易或安排，您通过代理的工作方式传送或传播涉及的作品，并向接收被授权的作品的各方授予专利权，授权他们使用、传播、修改或传达涉及的作品的特定副本，则授予你的专利许可自动扩展至涉及的作品的所有接收者，并基于该许可进行作品。
+专利许可是“歧视性的”，如果它不包括在其涵盖范围内的话，禁止行使，或以不行使本授权下特别授予的一项或多项权利为条件。你不可以发布涉及的作品如果你是一方与第三方，在发布软件业务的安排，在你支付基于你的输送作品活动程度的第三方，在第三方授权，任何一方的人你收到的涉及的作品，歧视性的专利许可（一）与拷贝的涉及的作品通过你连接（或由这些副本复印件），或（b）主要用于与特定产品或编译包含涉及的作品联系，除非你进入了这样的安排，或专利许可证获准，2007年3月28日之前。
+本许可证中的任何内容不得被解释为排除或限制任何可适用的专利法对您的任何默示许可或其他侵权抗辩。
+If, +pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or +arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a +covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties +receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify +or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent +license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the +covered work and works based on it.+
A +patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within +the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is +conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are +specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered +work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is +in the business of distributing software, under which you make +payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of +conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of +the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a +discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the +covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or +(b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or +compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into +that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 +March 2007.+
Nothing +in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any +implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise +be available to you under applicable patent law.+
12. +不要放弃他人的自由
+如果你的条件（无论是法院命令、 +协议或其他）与本授权的条件相抵触，他们不会原谅你这个许可证的条件。如果你不能传送一份涉及的作品以同时满足你在本许可证下的义务和任何其他相关义务，那么你根本不可以传送它。例如，如果你同意条款，要求你收取一笔版税，以进一步传送你所传送的项目，你唯一能同时满足这两项条款的方法，就是完全不要传送这个程序。
+No + Surrender of Others' Freedom. ++
If +conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or +otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do +not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot +convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your +obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, +then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if +you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further +conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you +could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain +entirely from conveying the Program.+
13. +与GNU +Affero通用公共许可证一起使用
+尽管该许可有任何其他条款，您可以将任何已涉及的作品与GNU +Affero公共许可证第三版 +授权的作品连接或合并到一个单独的作品中，并传送所产生的作品。本许可证的条款将继续适用于所涵盖的部分，但GNU +Affero通用公共许可证(第13条)关于通过网络进行交互的特殊要求将适用于这种组合。
+Use + with the GNU Affero General Public License. ++
Notwithstanding +any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or +combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the +GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to +convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to +apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special +requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, +concerning interaction through a network will apply to the +combination as such.+
14. +本许可证的修订版本
+自由软件基金会可以地发布GNU通用公共许可证的修订和/或新版本。这样的新版本在精神上与现在的版本保持一致，但可能在细节上有所不同，以解决新的问题或关注点。
+每个版本都有一个不同的版本号。如果该程序指定了某个版本的GNU通用公共许可证“或任何后续版本”适用于该版本，那么您就可以选择遵循该版本，或自由软件基金会发布的任何后续版本的条款和条件。如果程序没有指定GNU通用公共许可证的版本号，您可以选择任何由自由软件基金会发布的版本。
+如果程序指定了一个代理可以决定使用GNU通用公共许可证的哪个版本，那么代理的公开声明就会永久地授权您选择该版本的程序。
+后来许可版本可能会给你额外的或不同的权限。然而，由于您选择遵循一个后续版本，任何作者或版权所有者都不会承担额外的义务。
+Revised + Versions of this License. ++
The +Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of +the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions +will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in +detail to address new problems or concerns.+
Each +version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program +specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public +License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option +of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version +or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If +the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General +Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free +Software Foundation.+
If +the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions +of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public +statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to +choose that version for the Program.+
Later +license versions may give you additional or different permissions. +However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or +copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later +version.+
15. +免责声明
+在适用法律允许的范围内，本程序不提供任何保修。 +除非另有书面说明，否则版权持有人和/或其他各方按“原样”提供本程序，不提供任何形式的明示或暗示保证，包括但不限于对适销性和特定用途的适用性的暗示保证。 +关于程序的质量和性能的全部风险由您承担。 +如果程序证明存在缺陷，您应承担所有必要的维护，修复或更正的费用。+
Disclaimer + of Warranty. ++
THERE +IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE +LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS +AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY +OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED +TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A +PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE +OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU +ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.+
16. +责任限制
+在任何情况下，除非适用法律要求或书面同意，否则任何版权所有者或任何修改和/或运行上述许可程序的其他方均不对您承担任何损失，包括任何一般的，特殊的，附带的或后果性的损失 +因使用或无法使用本程序而导致的损害（包括但不限于数据丢失，或数据执行不准确，或您或第三方所持续的损失或程序无法与任何其他程序一起使用），即使 +此类持有人或其他方已被告知此类损害的可能性。
+Limitation + of Liability. ++
IN +NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING +WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR +CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, +INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES +ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT +NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR +LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM +TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER +PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.+
17. +解释第15和16节
+如果上述保修的免责声明和责任限制不能根据其条款给予当地法律效力，则审查法院应适用当地法律，该等法律与本程序有关的绝对免除所有民事责任的情况最接近，除非保修或假设的责任随同本程序的副本一起收取。
+Interpretation + of Sections 15 and 16. ++
If +the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above +cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, +reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates +an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the +Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a +copy of the Program in return for a fee.+
END +OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS+
如何将这些条款应用于新程序？
+如果您开发了一个新程序，并且希望它能够最大限度地为公众所用，那么实现这一目标的最佳方式就是使其成为自由软件，每个人都可以在这些条款下重新分发和更改。
+为此，请将以下通知附加到程序中。 +将它们附加到每个源文件的开始部分是最安全的，以最有效地说明免除保修; +每个文件至少应该有“版权”线和一个指向完整通知的指针。
+How +to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs+
If +you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest +possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make +it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under +these terms.+
To +do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to +attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively +state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least +the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is +found.+
<给出程序名称的那一行，以及它是做什么的，简要概念>+
版权所有 +(C) +<年份> +<作者名字>+
这个程序是自由软件：你可以根据自由软件基金会发布的GNU通用公共许可证对其进行重新分发和/或者修改。+
这个程序的发布是希望它会有用，但没有任何保修，甚至没有适销性或针对特定用途的适用性的默认保证。 +有关更多详细信息，请参阅GNU通用公共许可证。+
你应该已经连同本程序收到一份GNU通用公共许可证的副本。 +如果没有，请参阅https://www.gnu.org/licenses/。+
<one +line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>+
Copyright +(C) ++
This +program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify+
it +under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by+
the +Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or+
(at +your option) any later version.+
This +program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,+
but +WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of+
MERCHANTABILITY +or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the+
GNU +General Public License for more details.+
You +should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License+
along +with this program. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.+
此外，还可以添加有关电子邮件和纸质邮件 +联系方式的信息。
+如果程序进行终端交互，当它以交互模式启动时，让它输出一个这样的短通知:
+Also +add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.+
If +the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice +like this when it starts in an interactive mode:+
<程序> +版权所有(C) +<年> +<作者名字>。+
此程序完全没有保修; +详情请输入' +show w'。+
这是自由软件，欢迎你重新发布它+
在一定条件下; +键入“show +c”以获取详细信息。+
Copyright +(C) ++
This +program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type show w. +This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under +certain conditions; type “show c” for details.+
假设的命令 +“ show +w ” 和 +“ show +c ” 应该显示通用公共许可证的适当部分。当然，您的程序的命令可能不同;对于GUI界面，您可以使用 +“about +box”。
+你也应该让你的雇主(如果你是一个程序员)或者学校（如果有的话），在必要的时候签署一个“版权免责声明”。有关这方面的更多信息，以及如何应用和遵循GNU +GPL，请参阅https://www.gnu.org/licenses/。
+The
+hypothetical commands show
+w' andshow
+c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License.
+Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI
+interface, you would use an “about box”.
+You +should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or +school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, +if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and +follow the GNU GPL, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.+
GNU通用公共许可证不允许将您的程序合并到专有程序中。如果您的程序是一个子程序库，您可能认为允许将专有应用程序与库链接起来更有用。如果这是您想要做的，（* +可以）使用GNU较宽松通用公共许可证而不是这个许可证。但首先，请阅读https://www.gnu.org/licenses/wh-nonlgpl.html。
+The +GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program +into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, +you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary +applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use +the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But +first, please read https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html.+
+
+
+
+
+
+
文章名：如何使用GNU +Ring？+
+作者：冰焰火灵X + +
+文章许可：CC +BY-SA 4.0
+
+
1
+点击左边选择你的系统版本（这里以 GNU/Linux +为例，我使用的是Mint +18.3），然后右边选择你的系统版本。我的发行版基于Ubuntu +16.04。
+按照提示的方法安装。
+sudo sh -c +"echo 'deb https://dl.ring.cx/ring-nightly/ubuntu_16.04/ ring +main' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ring-nightly-main.list" sudo +apt-key adv --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys +A295D773307D25A33AE72F2F64CD5FA175348F84 sudo add-apt-repository +universe sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install ring
+如果是Windows操作系统，则可以下载对应的安装包来进行安装。
+
+
+
2
+点击上面的 创建账户 +然后，输入你的名字，设定用户名和密码，点击下一步。这样就创建完成了！
+
+
+
3
+之后还需要做一件很重要的事情哦！
+为了保证重装系统或者更换设备后仍然可以继续使用以前的帐号，你必须将帐号信息导出。这个是新版GNU +Ring 新增的一个非常重要的功能！
+
+
+
4
+点击小齿轮图标，然后进入设置，选择 “账户”！
+
+
+
5
+点击 “Export +account” 按钮，将账户保存下来。
+这样就可以了！ 如果你需要在其他设备上登陆，只需要将保存好的xxxx.gz文件拷贝上去，然后
+
+
+
2
+点击下面的 “将此设备与一个账户进行连接” 。
+
+
+
6
+点击，Or +import a file 浏览选择你的账户文件，选择好以后在下面输入密码。 +这样就可以登陆啦！
+方法很简单。 点击“账户”右边的小箭头，返回主面板。
+
+
+
7
+然后在左上角输入你想添加的人的用户名，搜索到以后点击一下，右击 +----> Add +to conversations，就把对方添加到通讯录了。 +如果要删除，在通讯录点击某个人，然后右击 ----> +Remove Add to conversation.
+The +END.
+ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/BOKE/LB.html b/BOKE/LB.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2f73c4d --- /dev/null +++ b/BOKE/LB.html @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ + + + + ++博客列表
+Copyright© +2018 IFRFSX.
+Some +Right Received.
+ + +
+
+
+
4. +GNU Ring的用法
+5. +[译] +为什么要使用GNU +AGPL？
+6. +[译] +Purism FAQ
+
+
+
+