// PART OF THE MACHINE SIMULATION. DO NOT CHANGE.

package nachos.machine;

import nachos.security.*;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.net.SocketException;

/**
 * A full-duplex network link. Provides ordered, unreliable delivery of
 * limited-size packets to other machines on the network. Packets are
 * guaranteed to be uncorrupted as well.
 *
 * <p>
 * Recall the general layering of network protocols:
 * <ul>
 * <li>Session/Transport
 * <li>Network
 * <li>Link
 * <li>Physical
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>
 * The physical layer provides a bit stream interface to the link layer. This
 * layer is very hardware-dependent.
 *
 * <p>
 * The link layer uses the physical layer to provide a packet interface to the
 * network layer. The link layer generally provides unreliable delivery of
 * limited-size packets, but guarantees that packets will not arrive out of
 * order. Some links protect against packet corruption as well. The ethernet
 * protocol is an example of a link layer.
 *
 * <p>
 * The network layer exists to connect multiple networks together into an
 * internet. The network layer provides globally unique addresses. Routers
 * (a.k.a. gateways) move packets across networks at this layer. The network
 * layer provides unordered, unreliable delivery of limited-size uncorrupted
 * packets to any machine on the same internet. The most commonly used network
 * layer protocol is IP (Internet Protocol), which is used to connect the
 * Internet.
 *
 * <p>
 * The session/transport layer provides a byte-stream interface to the
 * application. This means that the transport layer must deliver uncorrupted
 * bytes to the application, in the same order they were sent. Byte-streams
 * must be connected and disconnected, and exist between ports, not machines.
 *
 * <p>
 * This class provides a link layer abstraction. Since we do not allow
 * different Nachos networks to communicate with one another, there is no need
 * for a network layer in Nachos. This should simplify your design for the
 * session/transport layer, since you can assume packets never arrive out of
 * order.
 */
public class NetworkLink {
    /**
     * Allocate a new network link.
     *
     * <p>
     * <tt>nachos.conf</tt> specifies the reliability of the network. The
     * reliability, between 0 and 1, is the probability that any particular
     * packet will not get dropped by the network.
     *
     * @param	privilege      	encapsulates privileged access to the Nachos
     * 				machine.
     */
    public NetworkLink(Privilege privilege) {
	System.out.print(" network");

	this.privilege = privilege;

	try {
	    localHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
	}
	catch (UnknownHostException e) {
	    localHost = null;
	}

	Lib.assertTrue(localHost != null);

	reliability = Config.getDouble("NetworkLink.reliability");
	Lib.assertTrue(reliability > 0 && reliability <= 1.0);

	socket = null;

	for (linkAddress=0;linkAddress<Packet.linkAddressLimit;linkAddress++) {
	    try {
		socket = new DatagramSocket(portBase + linkAddress, localHost);
		break;
	    }
	    catch (SocketException e) {
	    }
	}

	if (socket == null) {
	    System.out.println("");
	    System.out.println("Unable to acquire a link address!");
	    Lib.assertNotReached();
	}

	System.out.print("(" + linkAddress + ")");

	receiveInterrupt = new Runnable() {
		public void run() { receiveInterrupt(); }
	    };

	sendInterrupt = new Runnable() {
		public void run() { sendInterrupt(); }
	    };		
	
	scheduleReceiveInterrupt();

	Thread receiveThread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
		public void run() { receiveLoop(); }
	    });

	receiveThread.start();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the address of this network link.
     *
     * @return	the address of this network link.
     */
    public int getLinkAddress() {
	return linkAddress;
    }

    /**
     * Set this link's receive and send interrupt handlers.
     *
     * <p>
     * The receive interrupt handler is called every time a packet arrives
     * and can be read using <tt>receive()</tt>.
     *
     * <p>
     * The send interrupt handler is called every time a packet sent with
     * <tt>send()</tt> is finished being sent. This means that another
     * packet can be sent.
     *
     * @param	receiveInterruptHandler	the callback to call when a packet
     *					arrives.
     * @param	sendInterruptHandler	the callback to call when another
     *					packet can be sent.
     */
    public void setInterruptHandlers(Runnable receiveInterruptHandler,
				     Runnable sendInterruptHandler) {
	this.receiveInterruptHandler = receiveInterruptHandler;
	this.sendInterruptHandler = sendInterruptHandler;
    }

    private void scheduleReceiveInterrupt() {
	privilege.interrupt.schedule(Stats.NetworkTime, "network recv",
				     receiveInterrupt);
    }

    private synchronized void receiveInterrupt() {
	Lib.assertTrue(incomingPacket == null);

	if (incomingBytes != null) {
	    if (Machine.autoGrader().canReceivePacket(privilege)) {
		try {
		    incomingPacket = new Packet(incomingBytes);

		    privilege.stats.numPacketsReceived++;
		}
		catch (MalformedPacketException e) {
		}
	    }

	    incomingBytes = null;
	    notify();

	    if (incomingPacket == null)
		scheduleReceiveInterrupt();
	    else if (receiveInterruptHandler != null)
		receiveInterruptHandler.run();
	}
	else {
	    scheduleReceiveInterrupt();
	}
    }

    /**
     * Return the next packet received.
     *
     * @return	the next packet received, or <tt>null</tt> if no packet is
     * 		available.
     */
    public Packet receive() {
	Packet p = incomingPacket;
	
	if (incomingPacket != null) {
	    incomingPacket = null;
	    scheduleReceiveInterrupt();
	}

	return p;
    }

    private void receiveLoop() {
	while (true) {
	    synchronized(this) {
		while (incomingBytes != null) {
		    try {
			wait();
		    }
		    catch (InterruptedException e) {
		    }
		}
	    }

	    byte[] packetBytes;

	    try {
		byte[] buffer = new byte[Packet.maxPacketLength];

		DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length);
		
		socket.receive(dp);

		packetBytes = new byte[dp.getLength()];

		System.arraycopy(buffer,0, packetBytes,0, packetBytes.length);
	    }
	    catch (IOException e) {
		return;
	    }

	    synchronized(this) {
		incomingBytes = packetBytes;
	    }
	}
    }		
    
    private void scheduleSendInterrupt() {
	privilege.interrupt.schedule(Stats.NetworkTime, "network send",
				     sendInterrupt);
    }

    private void sendInterrupt() {
	Lib.assertTrue(outgoingPacket != null);

	// randomly drop packets, according to its reliability
	if (Machine.autoGrader().canSendPacket(privilege) &&
	    Lib.random() <= reliability) {
	    // ok, no drop
	    privilege.doPrivileged(new Runnable() {
		    public void run() { sendPacket(); }
		});
	}
	else {
	    outgoingPacket = null;
	}

	if (sendInterruptHandler != null)
	    sendInterruptHandler.run();
    }

    private void sendPacket() {
	Packet p = outgoingPacket;
	outgoingPacket = null;
	
	try {
	    socket.send(new DatagramPacket(p.packetBytes, p.packetBytes.length,
					   localHost, portBase+p.dstLink));

	    privilege.stats.numPacketsSent++;
	}
	catch (IOException e) {
	}
    }

    /**
     * Send another packet. If a packet is already being sent, the result is
     * not defined.
     *
     * @param	pkt	the packet to send.
     */       
    public void send(Packet pkt) {
	if (outgoingPacket == null)
	    scheduleSendInterrupt();
	
	outgoingPacket = pkt;
    }

    private static final int hash;
    private static final int portBase;
    
    /**
     * The address of the network to which are attached all network links in
     * this JVM. This is a hash on the account name of the JVM running this
     * Nachos instance. It is used to help prevent packets from other users
     * from accidentally interfering with this network.
     */
    public static final byte networkID;

    static {
	hash = System.getProperty("user.name").hashCode();
	portBase = 0x4E41 + Math.abs(hash%0x4E41);
	networkID  = (byte) (hash/0x4E41);	
    }	

    private Privilege privilege;

    private Runnable receiveInterrupt;
    private Runnable sendInterrupt;

    private Runnable receiveInterruptHandler = null;
    private Runnable sendInterruptHandler = null;

    private InetAddress localHost;
    private DatagramSocket socket;

    private byte linkAddress;
    private double reliability;

    private byte[] incomingBytes = null;
    private Packet incomingPacket = null;
    private Packet outgoingPacket = null;

    private boolean sendBusy = false;
}